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Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Tychhon B, Allen JC, Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Solecki JP, Keivan M, Velazquez VV, McCall EB, Tapia DN, Rubio AJ, Jordan C, Elliott D, Eiring AM. The prognostic value of 19S ATPase proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia and other forms of cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209425. [PMID: 37502358 PMCID: PMC10371016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular organelle responsible for targeted protein degradation, which represents a standard therapeutic target for many different human malignancies. Bortezomib, a reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, was first approved by the FDA in 2003 to treat multiple myeloma and is now used to treat a number of different cancers, including relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and thyroid carcinoma. Despite the success, bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors are subject to severe side effects, and ultimately, drug resistance. We recently reported an oncogenic role for non-ATPase members of the 19S proteasome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and several different solid tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that ATPase members of the 19S proteasome would also serve as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in AML and multiple other cancers. Methods We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) available at UALCAN and/or GEPIA2 to assess the expression and prognostic value of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPases 1-6 (PSMC1-6) of the 19S proteasome in cancer. UALCAN was also used to associate PSMC1-6 mRNA expression with distinct clinicopathological features. Finally, cBioPortal was employed to assess genomic alterations of PSMC genes across different cancer types. Results The mRNA and protein expression of PSMC1-6 of the 19S proteasome were elevated in several cancers compared with normal controls, which often correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, AML patients demonstrated reduced expression of these proteasome subunits compared with normal mononuclear cells. However, AML patients with high expression of PSMC2-5 had worse outcomes. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that components of the 19S proteasome could serve as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in AML and several other human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boranai Tychhon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jesse C. Allen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mehrshad Keivan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Emily B. McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Desiree N. Tapia
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Connor Jordan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - David Elliott
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Qiu M, Chen J, Li X, Zhuang J. Intersection of the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System with Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012197. [PMID: 36293053 PMCID: PMC9603077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present a major social problem worldwide due to their high incidence and mortality rate. Many pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in CVDs, and oxidative stress plays a vital mediating role in most of these mechanisms. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the main machinery responsible for degrading cytosolic proteins in the repair system, which interacts with the mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Recent evidence also points to the role of UPS dysfunction in the development of CVDs. The UPS has been associated with oxidative stress and regulates reduction–oxidation homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying UPS-mediated oxidative stress’s contribution to CVDs are unclear, especially the role of these interactions at different disease stages. This review highlights the recent research progress on the roles of the UPS and oxidative stress, individually and in combination, in CVDs, focusing on the pathophysiology of key CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. This synthesis provides new insight for continued research on the UPS–oxidative stress interaction, in turn suggesting novel targets for the treatment and prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-83827812 (ext. 51050)
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Manku G, Kong CC, Culty M. Role of the Ubiquitin Ligase RNF149 in the Development of Rat Neonatal Gonocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896507. [PMID: 35634494 PMCID: PMC9136010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function depends on the formation of spermatogonial stem cells from their neonatal precursors, the gonocytes. Previously, we identified several UPS enzymes dynamically altered during gonocyte differentiation. The present work focuses on understanding the role of the RING finger protein 149 (RNF149), an E3 ligase that we found to be strongly expressed in gonocytes and downregulated in spermatogonia. The quantification of RNF149 mRNA from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 35 (puberty) in rat testis, brain, liver, kidney, and heart indicated that its highest levels are found in the testis. RNF149 knock-down in PND3 rat gonocytes was performed to better understand its role in gonocyte development. While a proliferative cocktail of PDGF-BB and 17β-estradiol (P+E) increased both the expression levels of the cell proliferation marker PCNA and RNF149 in mock cells, the effects of P+E on both genes were reduced in cells treated with RNF149 siRNA, suggesting that RNF149 expression is regulated during gonocyte proliferation and that there might be a functional link between RNF149 and PCNA. To examine RNF149 subcellular localization, EGFP-tagged RNF149 vectors were constructed, after determining the rat testis RNF149 mRNA sequence. Surprisingly, two variant transcripts were expressed in rat tissues, predicting truncated proteins, one containing the PA and the other the RING functional domains. Transfection in mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and C18-4 spermatogonial cell lines showed differential subcellular profiles of the two truncated proteins. Overall, the results of this study support a role for RNF149 in gonocyte proliferation and suggest its transcription to variant mRNAs resulting in two proteins with different functional domains. Future studies will examine the respective roles of these variant proteins in the cell lines and isolated gonocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chi-Chon Kong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martine Culty,
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