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Dutta T, Sengupta S, Adhya S, Saha A, Sengupta D, Mondal R, Naskar S, Bhattacharjee S, Sengupta M. Identification of TNF-α as Major Susceptible Risk Locus for Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study in the Asian Population. Dermatology 2024; 240:376-386. [PMID: 38377977 DOI: 10.1159/000536480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder characterized by defined white patches on the skin and affecting around 0.5% to 2% of the general population. Genetic association studies have identified several pre-disposing genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for vitiligo pathogenesis; nonetheless, the reports are often conflicting and rarely conclusive. This comprehensive meta-analysis study was designed to evaluate the effect of the risk variants on vitiligo aetiology and covariate stratified vitiligo risk in the Asian population, considering all the studies published so far. METHODS We followed a systematic and comprehensive search to identify the relevant vitiligo-related candidate gene association studies in PubMed using specific keywords. After data extraction, we calculated, for the variants involved, the study-level unadjusted odds ratio, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals by using logistic regression with additive, dominant effect, and recessive models using R software package (R, 3.4.2) "metafor." Subgroup analysis was performed using logistic regression (generalized linear model; "glm") of disease status on subgroup-specific genotype counts. For a better understanding of the likely biological function of vitiligo-associated variant obtained through the meta-analysis, in silico functional analyses, through standard publicly available web tools, were also conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one vitiligo-associated case-control studies on eleven SNPs were analysed in our study. In the fixed-effect meta-analysis, one variant upstream of TNF-α gene: rs1800629 was found to be associated with vitiligo risk in the additive (p = 4.26E-06), dominant (p = 1.65E-7), and recessive (p = 0.000453) models. After Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, rs1800629/TNF-α was found to be significant at 5% FDR in the dominant (padj = 1.82E-6) and recessive models (padj = 0.0049). In silico characterization revealed the prioritized variant to be regulatory in nature and thus having potential to contribute towards vitiligo pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Our study constitutes the first comprehensive meta-analysis of candidate gene-based association studies reported in the whole of the Asian population, followed by an in silico analysis of the vitiligo-associated variant. According to the findings of our study, TNF-α single nucleotide variant rs1800629G>A has a risk association, potentially contributing to vitiligo pathogenesis in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Dutta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Suchismita Adhya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arpan Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ritisri Mondal
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Swarnadru Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Agarwal S, Aznar MA, Rech AJ, Good CR, Kuramitsu S, Da T, Gohil M, Chen L, Hong SJA, Ravikumar P, Rennels AK, Salas-Mckee J, Kong W, Ruella M, Davis MM, Plesa G, Fraietta JA, Porter DL, Young RM, June CH. Deletion of the inhibitory co-receptor CTLA-4 enhances and invigorates chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:2388-2407.e9. [PMID: 37776850 PMCID: PMC10591801 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19 has achieved tremendous success treating B cell malignancies; however, some patients fail to respond due to poor autologous T cell fitness. To improve response rates, we investigated whether disruption of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA4 or PD-1 could restore CART function. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of CTLA4 in preclinical models of leukemia and myeloma improved CAR T cell proliferation and anti-tumor efficacy. Importantly, this effect was specific to CTLA4 and not seen upon deletion of CTLA4 and/or PDCD1 in CAR T cells. Mechanistically, CTLA4 deficiency permitted unopposed CD28 signaling and maintenance of CAR expression on the T cell surface under conditions of high antigen load. In clinical studies, deletion of CTLA4 rescued the function of T cells from patients with leukemia that previously failed CAR T cell treatment. Thus, selective deletion of CTLA4 reinvigorates dysfunctional chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient T cells, providing a strategy for increasing patient responses to CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charly R Good
- Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok-Jae Albert Hong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pranali Ravikumar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin K Rennels
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - January Salas-Mckee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
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