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Orozco Delclós L, Soler Rich R, Arriaza Loureda R, Moreno García A, Gómez Barrena E. Efficacy and safety of autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells from adult adipose tissue expanded and combined with tricalcium phosphate biomaterial for the surgical treatment of atrophic nonunion of long bones: a phase II clinical trial. J Transl Med 2024; 22:493. [PMID: 38789992 PMCID: PMC11127443 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous bone grafting is the standard treatment for the surgical management of atrophic nonunion of long bones. Other solutions, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) combined with phospho-calcium material, have also been used. Here we evaluate the safety and early efficacy of a novel procedure using autologous or allogenic adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSC) seeded in a patented tricalcium phosphate-based biomaterial for the treatment of bone regeneration in cases of atrophic nonunion. METHODS This was a prospective, multicentric, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial of patients with atrophic nonunion of long bones. Biografts of autologous or allogenic AT-MSC combined with a phosphate substrate were manufactured prior to the surgical procedures. The primary efficacy was measured 6 months after surgery, but patients were followed for 12 months after surgery and a further year out of the scope of the study. All adverse events were recorded. This cohort was compared with a historical cohort of 14 cases treated by the same research team with autologous BM-MSC. RESULTS A total of 12 patients with atrophic nonunion of long bones were included. The mean (SD) age was 41.2 (12.1) years and 66.7% were men. Bone healing was achieved in 10 of the 12 cases (83%) treated with the AT-MSC biografts, a percentage of healing similar (11 of the 14 cases, 79%) to that achieved in patients treated with autologous BM-MSC. Overall, two adverse events, in the same patient, were considered related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that AT-MSC biografts are safe for the treatment of bone regeneration in cases of atrophic nonunion and reach high healing rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study registered with EUDRA-CT (2013-000930-37) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02483364).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Orozco Delclós
- Institut de Teràpia Regenerativa Tissular, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Robert Soler Rich
- Institut de Teràpia Regenerativa Tissular, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alonso Moreno García
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez Barrena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Xu Y, Zhuo J, Wang Q, Xu X, He M, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wu X, Luo K, Chen Y. Site-specific periosteal cells with distinct osteogenic and angiogenic characteristics. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7437-7450. [PMID: 37848582 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the site-specific characteristics of rat mandible periosteal cells (MPCs) and tibia periosteal cells (TPCs) to assess the potential application of periosteal cells (PCs) in bone tissue engineering (BTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS MPCs and TPCs were isolated and characterized. The potential of proliferation, migration, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MPCs and TPCs were evaluated by CCK-8, scratch assay, Transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase staining and activity, Alizarin Red S staining, RT‒qPCR, and Western blot (WB) assays, respectively. Then, these cells were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate their angiogenic capacity, which was assessed by scratch assay, Transwell assay, Matrigel tube formation assay, RT‒qPCR, and WB assays. RESULTS MPCs exhibited higher osteogenic potential, higher alkaline phosphatase activity, and more mineralized nodule formation, while TPCs showed a greater capability for proliferation, migration, and adipogenesis. MPCs showed higher expression of angiogenic factors, and the conditioned medium of MPCs accelerated the migration of HUVECs, while MPC- conditioned medium induced the formation of more tubular structure in HUVECs in vitro. These data suggest that compared to TPCs, MPCs exert more consequential proangiogenic effects on HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS PCs possess skeletal site-specific differences in biological characteristics. MPCs exhibit more eminent osteogenic and angiogenic potentials, which highlights the potential application of MPCs for BTE. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Autologous bone grafting as the main modality for maxillofacial bone defect repair has many limitations. Constituting an important cell type in bone repair and regeneration, MPCs show greater potential for application in BTE, which provides a promising treatment option for maxillofacial bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhuo
- Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisong Wang
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 354000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongcheng Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuling Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Liu H, Chen H, Han Q, Sun B, Liu Y, Zhang A, Fan D, Xia P, Wang J. Recent advancement in vascularized tissue-engineered bone based on materials design and modification. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100858. [PMID: 38024843 PMCID: PMC10679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most vascular network-rich tissues in the body and the vascular system is essential for the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of bone. When segmental irreversible damage occurs to the bone, restoring its vascular system by means other than autogenous bone grafts with vascular pedicles is a therapeutic challenge. By pre-generating the vascular network of the scaffold in vivo or in vitro, the pre-vascularization technique enables an abundant blood supply in the scaffold after implantation. However, pre-vascularization techniques are time-consuming, and in vivo pre-vascularization techniques can be damaging to the body. Critical bone deficiencies may be filled quickly with immediate implantation of a supporting bone tissue engineered scaffold. However, bone tissue engineered scaffolds generally lack vascularization, which requires modification of the scaffold to aid in enhancing internal vascularization. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the vascular system and osteogenesis and use it as a basis to further discuss surgical and cytotechnology-based pre-vascularization strategies and to describe the preparation of vascularized bone tissue engineered scaffolds that can be implanted immediately. We anticipate that this study will serve as inspiration for future vascularized bone tissue engineered scaffold construction and will aid in the achievement of clinical vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Danyang Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
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Mai Z, Liu J, Jiang X, Gu W, Wang W, Li S, Schmalz G, Xiao H, Zhao J. Long noncoding RNA KCNMA1-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating the SMAD9 signaling pathway. Biol Direct 2023; 18:81. [PMID: 38017487 PMCID: PMC10685465 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) undergo intense osteogenic differentiation, a crucial bone formation mechanism. Evidence from prior studies suggested an association between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. However, precise roles and molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this work, we report for the first time that lncRNA KCNMA1 antisense RNA 1 (KCNMA1-AS1) plays a vital role in regulating hBMSCs' osteogenic differentiation. Here, it was observed that the KCNMA1-AS1 expression levels were significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation. In addition, KCNMA1-AS1 overexpression enhanced in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and in vivo bone formation, whereas knockdown of KCNMA1-AS1 resulted in the opposite result. Additionally, the interaction between KCNMA1-AS1 and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 (SMAD9) was confirmed by an RNA pull-down experiment, mass spectrometry, and RIP assay. This interaction regulated the activation of the SMAD9 signaling pathway. Moreover, rescue assays demonstrated that the inhibitor of the SMAD9 signaling pathway reversed the stimulative effects on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by KCNMA1-AS1 overexpression. Altogether, our results stipulate that KCNMA1-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via activating the SMAD9 signaling pathway and can serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Gu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hui Xiao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Hatt LP, van der Heide D, Armiento AR, Stoddart MJ. β-TCP from 3D-printed composite scaffolds acts as an effective phosphate source during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258161. [PMID: 37965582 PMCID: PMC10641282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) are often combined with calcium phosphate (CaP)-based 3D-printed scaffolds with the goal of creating a bone substitute that can repair segmental bone defects. In vitro, the induction of osteogenic differentiation traditionally requires, among other supplements, the addition of β-glycerophosphate (BGP), which acts as a phosphate source. The aim of this study is to investigate whether phosphate contained within the 3D-printed scaffolds can effectively be used as a phosphate source during hBM-MSC in vitro osteogenesis. Methods: hBM-MSCs are cultured on 3D-printed discs composed of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for 28 days under osteogenic conditions, with and without the supplementation of BGP. The effects of BGP removal on various cellular parameters, including cell metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) presence and activity, proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, levels of free phosphate in the media and mineralisation, are assessed. Results: The removal of exogenous BGP increases cell metabolic activity, ALP activity, proliferation, and gene expression of matrix-related (COL1A1, IBSP, SPP1), transcriptional (SP7, RUNX2/SOX9, PPARγ) and phosphate-related (ALPL, ENPP1, ANKH, PHOSPHO1) markers in a donor dependent manner. BGP removal leads to decreased free phosphate concentration in the media and maintained of mineral deposition staining. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the detrimental impact of exogenous BGP on hBM-MSCs cultured on a phosphate-based material and propose β-TCP embedded within 3D-printed scaffold as a sufficient phosphate source for hBM-MSCs during osteogenesis. The presented study provides novel insights into the interaction of hBM-MSCs with 3D-printed CaP based materials, an essential aspect for the advancement of bone tissue engineering strategies aimed at repairing segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P. Hatt
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daphne van der Heide
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Agriesti F, Landini F, Tamma M, Pacelli C, Mazzoccoli C, Calice G, Ruggieri V, Capitanio G, Mori G, Piccoli C, Capitanio N. Bioenergetic profile and redox tone modulate in vitro osteogenesis of human dental pulp stem cells: new perspectives for bone regeneration and repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:215. [PMID: 37608350 PMCID: PMC10463344 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox signaling and energy metabolism are known to be involved in controlling the balance between self-renewal and proliferation/differentiation of stem cells. In this study we investigated metabolic and redox changes occurring during in vitro human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) osteoblastic (OB) differentiation and tested on them the impact of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. METHODS hDPSCs were isolated from dental pulp and subjected to alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, q-RT-PCR, and western blotting analysis of differentiation markers to assess achievement of osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. Moreover, a combination of metabolic flux analysis and confocal cyto-imaging was used to profile the metabolic phenotype and to evaluate the redox tone of hDPSCs. RESULTS In differentiating hDPSCs we observed the down-regulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes expression since the early phase of the process, confirmed by metabolic flux analysis, and a reduction of the basal intracellular peroxide level in its later phase. In addition, dampened glycolysis was observed, thereby indicating a lower energy-generating phenotype in differentiating hDPSCs. Treatment with the ROS scavenger Trolox, applied in the early-middle phases of the process, markedly delayed OB differentiation of hDPSCs assessed as ALP activity, Runx2 expression, mineralization capacity, expression of stemness and osteoblast marker genes (Nanog, Lin28, Dspp, Ocn) and activation of ERK1/2. In addition, the antioxidant partly prevented the inhibitory effect on cell metabolism observed following osteogenic induction. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these results provided evidence that redox signaling, likely mediated by peroxide species, influenced the stepwise osteogenic expansion/differentiation of hDPSCs and contributed to shape its accompanying metabolic phenotype changes thus improving their efficiency in bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agriesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesca Landini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mirko Tamma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
- Clinical Pathology Unit, “Madonna delle Grazie’’ Hospital, Matera, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capitanio
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience “DiBraiN”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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邬 建, 王 丙, 刘 宇, 魏 岱. [Preparation of functional polyhydroxyalkanoate microspheres and their antibacterial activity and osteogenic effect evaluation]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2023; 37:929-936. [PMID: 37586791 PMCID: PMC10435330 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202303136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To construct polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) microspheres loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and human β-defensin 3 (HBD3), and evaluate the antibacterial activity of microspheres and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation, aiming to provide a new option of material for bone tissue engineering. Methods The soybean lecithin (SL)-BMP-2 and SL-HBD3 were prepared by SL-mediated introduction of growth factors into polyesters technology, and the functional microsphere (f-PMS) containing BMP-2 and HBD3 were prepared by microfluidic technology, while pure microsphere (p-PMS) was prepared by the same method as the control. The morphology of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the water absorption was detected; the release curves of BMP-2 and HBD3 in f-PMS were detected by ELISA kit. The antibacterial effect of microspheres in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested with the LIVE/DEADTM BacLightTM bacterial staining kit; the biocompatibility of microspheres was tested using Transwell and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The effect of microspheres on osteogenic differentiation was determined by collagen type Ⅰ (COL-1) immunofluorescence staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration. Results In this experiment, the f-PMS and p-PMS were successfully constructed. Morphological characteristics showed that p-PMS surface was rough and distributed with micropores of 1-3 μm, while f-PMS surface was smooth and existed white granular material. There was no significant difference in water absorption between the two groups (P>0.05). The release curves of BMP-2 and HBD3 in the f-PMS and p-PMS were basically the same, showing both early sudden release and late slow release. The antibacterial activity of f-PMS was significantly higher than that of p-PMS in the test that against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in biocompatibility between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs showed that the fluorescence intensity of osteogenic specific protein COL-1 of f-PMS was significantly higher than that in p-PMS, and the activity of ALP in f-PMS was also significantly higher than that in p-PMS (P<0.05). Conclusion The p-PHA have good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, and can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs, which is expected to be applied to bone tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 建飞 邬
- 西南医科大学附属自贡医院 自贡市精神卫生中心 自贡市脑科学研究院(四川自贡 643020)Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong Sichuan, 643020, P. R. China
| | - 丙龙 王
- 西南医科大学附属自贡医院 自贡市精神卫生中心 自贡市脑科学研究院(四川自贡 643020)Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong Sichuan, 643020, P. R. China
| | - 宇 刘
- 西南医科大学附属自贡医院 自贡市精神卫生中心 自贡市脑科学研究院(四川自贡 643020)Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong Sichuan, 643020, P. R. China
| | - 岱旭 魏
- 西南医科大学附属自贡医院 自贡市精神卫生中心 自贡市脑科学研究院(四川自贡 643020)Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong Sichuan, 643020, P. R. China
- 西北大学生命科学与医学部(西安 710069)Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
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Mishra A, Kumar R, Mishra SN, Vijayaraghavalu S, Tiwari NK, Shukla GC, Gurusamy N, Kumar M. Differential Expression of Non-Coding RNAs in Stem Cell Development and Therapeutics of Bone Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081159. [PMID: 37190068 PMCID: PMC10137108 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells' self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation are regulated by a complex network consisting of signaling factors, chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Diverse role of ncRNAs in stem cell development and maintenance of bone homeostasis have been discovered recently. The ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, circular RNAs, small interfering RNA, Piwi-interacting RNAs, etc., are not translated into proteins but act as essential epigenetic regulators in stem cells' self-renewal and differentiation. Different signaling pathways are monitored efficiently by the differential expression of ncRNAs, which function as regulatory elements in determining the fate of stem cells. In addition, several species of ncRNAs could serve as potential molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis of bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancers, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the specific roles of ncRNAs and their effective molecular mechanisms in the growth and development of stem cells, and in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Furthermore, we focus on and explore the association of altered ncRNA expression with stem cells and bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Satya Narayan Mishra
- Maa Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Prayagraj 211009, India
| | | | - Neeraj Kumar Tiwari
- Department of IT-Satellite Centre, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ma T, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1071472. [PMID: 36532583 PMCID: PMC9755356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ouyang J, Xiao Y, Ren Q, Huang J, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Li L, Shi W, Chen Z, Wu L. 7-Ketocholesterol Induces Oxiapoptophagy and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182882. [PMID: 36139457 PMCID: PMC9496706 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol (7KC) is one of the oxysterols produced by the auto-oxidation of cholesterol during the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism which has been implicated in the pathological development of osteoporosis (OP). Oxiapoptophagy involving oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis can be induced by 7KC. However, whether 7KC produces negative effects on MC3T3-E1 cells by stimulating oxiapoptophagy is still unclear. In the current study, 7KC was found to significantly decrease the cell viability of MC3T3-E1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 7KC decreased ALP staining and mineralization and down-regulated the protein expression of OPN and RUNX2, inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. 7KC significantly stimulated oxidation and induced autophagy and apoptosis in the cultured MC3T3-E1 cells. Pretreatment with the anti-oxidant acetylcysteine (NAC) could effectively decrease NOX4 and MDA production, enhance SOD activity, ameliorate the expression of autophagy-related factors, decrease apoptotic protein expression, and increase ALP, OPN, and RUNX2 expression, compromising 7KC-induced oxiapoptophagy and osteogenic differentiation inhibition in MC3T3-E1 cells. In summary, 7KC may induce oxiapoptophagy and inhibit osteogenic differentiation in the pathological development of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yaosheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jishang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingluo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
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Therapeutic Strategy of Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126480. [PMID: 35742923 PMCID: PMC9224400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane particles that play critical roles in intracellular communication through EV-encapsulated informative content, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with self-renewal ability derived from bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord, menstruation blood, pulp, etc., which they use to induce tissue regeneration by their direct recruitment into injured tissues, including the heart, liver, lung, kidney, etc., or secreting factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or insulin-like growth factor. Recently, MSC-derived EVs have been shown to have regenerative effects against various diseases, partially due to the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes by miRNAs. Furthermore, EVs have garnered attention as novel drug delivery systems, because they can specially encapsulate various target molecules. In this review, we summarize the regenerative effects and molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs.
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Rayat Pisheh H, Ansari M, Eslami H. How is mechanobiology involved in bone regenerative medicine? Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Habib SA, Kamal MM, El-Maraghy SA, Senousy MA. Exendin-4 enhances osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells through the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B and osteoprotegerin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:906-920. [PMID: 35338509 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair bone damage and defects has long been investigated. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), its ligand (RANKL) and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis is crucial to keep the equilibrium between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Exendin-4 utilization increased bone formation and enhanced bone integrity. This study aimed to investigate the mentioned axis and determine the effect of exendin-4 upon adipose mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) osteogenic differentiation. Ad-MSCs were isolated from rat epididymal fat, followed by characterization and then differentiation into osteocytes both in the presence or absence of exendin-4. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining and the expression of osteogenic markers; using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoassay. MSCs derived from rat epididymal fat were isolated and characterized, along with their differentiation into osteocytes. The differentiated cells were alizarin red-stained, showing increased staining intensity upon addition of exendin-4. Moreover, the addition of exendin-4 elevated the messenger RNA expression levels of osteogenic markers; runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin, and forkhead box protein O-1 while reducing the expression of the adipogenic marker peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Exendin-4 addition elevated OPG levels in the supernatant of osteogenic differentiated cells. Moreover, exendin-4 elevated the protein levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and RUNX-2, while decreasing both RANK and RANKL. In conclusion, osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs is associated with increased osteoblastic rather than osteoclastic activity. The findings of this study suggest that exendin-4 can enhance Ad-MSCs osteogenic differentiation partially through the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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