1
|
Zalewski J, Szajna M, Stępień K, Nowak K, Karcińska A, Yika ADC, Krawczyk K, Karwat K, Zalewska M, Pierzchalski P. Endothelial Cell Apoptosis but Not Necrosis Is Inhibited by Ischemic Preconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1238. [PMID: 38279236 PMCID: PMC10816637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-induced endothelial cell (EC) death. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to 2 or 6 h hypoxia with subsequent reoxygenation. IP was induced by 20 min of hypoxia followed by 20 min of reoxygenation. Necrosis was assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and apoptosis by double staining with propidium iodide/annexin V (PI/AV), using TUNEL test, and Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression measured using RT-PCR. In PI/AV staining, after 24 h of reoxygenation, 30-33% of EC were necrotic and 16-21% were apoptotic. In comparison to HR cells, IP reduced membrane apoptosis after 24 h of reoxygenation by 50% but did not influence EC necrosis. Nuclear EC apoptosis affected about 15-17% of EC after 24 h of reoxygenation and was reduced with IP by 55-60%. IP was associated with a significantly higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio, at 8 h 2-4 times and at 24 h 2-3 times as compared to HR. Longer hypoxia was associated with lower values of Bcl-2/Bax ratio in EC subjected to HR or IP. IP delays, without reducing, the extent of HR-induced EC necrosis but significantly inhibits their multi-level evaluated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Zalewski
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.N.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Konrad Stępień
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.N.); (K.K.)
- Department of Thromboembolic Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Nowak
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.N.); (K.K.)
- Department of Thromboembolic Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karcińska
- Student Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.d.C.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Alicia del Carmen Yika
- Student Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.d.C.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kornelia Krawczyk
- Student Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.d.C.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Karwat
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|