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Wan J, Yang X, Xia T. Preparation of Nb 5+ Doped Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3 Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2697. [PMID: 38893960 PMCID: PMC11173745 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Cathode material plays a crucial role in the performance of sodium ion batteries determining the capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability. Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is a promising cathode material due to its stable three-dimensional NASICON structure, but its discharge capacity is low and its decay is serious with the increase of cycle period. We focused on modifying NVP cathode material by coating carbon and doping Nb5+ ions for synergistic electrochemical properties of carbon-coated NVP@C as a cathode material. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to confirm the phase purity and crystal structure of the Nb5+ doped NVP material, which exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks that matched well with the NASICON structure. Nb5+-doped NVP@C@Nbx materials were prepared using the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman and Brunauer -Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. First-principles calculations were performed based on density functional theory. VASP and PAW methods were chosen for these calculations. GGA in the PBE framework served as the exchange-correlation functional. The results showed the NVP unit cell consisted of six NVP structural motifs, each containing octahedral VO6 and tetrahedral PO4 groups to form a polyanionomer [V2(PO4)3] along with the c-axis direction by PO4 groups, which had Na1(6b) and Na2(18e) sites. And PDOS revealed that after Nb doping, the d orbitals of the Nb atoms also contributed electrons that were concentrated near the Fermi surface. Additionally, the decrease in the effective mass after Nb doping indicated that the electrons could move more freely through the material, implying an enhancement of the electron mobility. The electrochemical properties of the Nb5+ doped NVP@C@Nb cathode material were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that NVP@C@Nb0.15 achieved an initial discharge capacity as high as 114.27 mAhg-1, with a discharge capacity of 106.38 mAhg-1 maintained after 500 cycles at 0.5C, and the retention rate of the NVP@C@Nb0.15 composite reached an impressive 90.22%. NVP@C@Nb0.15 exhibited low resistance and high capacity, enabling it to create more vacancies and modulate crystal structure, ultimately enhancing the electrochemical properties of NVP. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the Nb5+-doped carbon layer, which not only improves electronic conductivity but also shortens the diffusion length of Na+ ions and electrons, as well as reduces volume changes in electrode materials. These preliminary results suggested that the as-obtained NVP@C@Nb0.15 composite was a promising novel cathode electrode material for efficient sodium energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (X.Y.); (T.X.)
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (X.Y.); (T.X.)
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Shen X, Su Y, Yang N, Jiang X, Liu X, Mo J, Ran Y, Wu F. Na +-Activation Engineering in the Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3 Cathode with Boosting Kinetics for Fast-Charging Na-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47685-47695. [PMID: 36219729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Na superionic conductor-structured phosphates have attracted wide interest due to their high working voltage and fast Na+ migration facilitated by the robust 3D open framework. However, they usually suffer from low-rate capability and inferior cycling stability due to the low intrinsic electronic conductivity and limited activated Na+ ions. Herein, a doping protocol with Na+ in the V3+ site is developed to activate extra electrochemical Na+ ions and expand the migration path of Na+, leading to the improvement of the electronic conductivity and diffusion kinetics. It is also disclosed that the generated stronger Na-O bonds with high ionicity significantly conduce to the enhanced structural stability in the Na+-substituted Na3.05V1.975Na0.025(PO4)3/C cathode. The obtained composite can deliver an excellent rate capacity of 83.8 mA h g-1 at 20 C and a moderate cycling persistence of 91.3% over 1500 cycles at 10 C with great fast-charging properties. The reversible structure evolution is confirmed by the ex situ XRD, XPS, and ICP characterization. This work sheds light on awakening electroactive Na+ ions and designing phosphates with superior electrochemical stability for practical Na-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yuefeng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Junlin Mo
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yan Ran
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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g-C3N4-coated MnO2 hollow nanorod cathode for stable aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterizations of Na4MnCr(PO4)3/rGO as NASICON-Type Cathode Materials for Sodium-ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194046. [PMID: 36235996 PMCID: PMC9570804 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NASICON-type Na4MnCr(PO4)3 (NMCP) wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized via a simple sol-gel method as composite cathode material Na4MnCr(PO4)3/rGO (NMCP/rGO) for Na ion batteries. The surface morphology, crystal structure and pore size distribution of pristine NMCP and as-synthesized NMCP/rGO composite cathode are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of composition-optimized NMCP/rGO composite cathode presents stable capacity retention and rate capability. The capacity retention of as-synthesized NMCP/rGO composite is 63.8%, and average coulombic efficiency maintains over 98.7% for 200 cycles. The reversible capacity of as-synthesized NMCP/rGO composite cathode still retained 45 mAh/g and 38 mAh/g under a current density of 0.5 A/g and 1.0 A/g, respectively, which was better than that of pristine NMCP, with only 6 mAh/g and 4 mAh/g. The redox reactions of pristine NMCP and as-synthesized NMCP/rGO composite are studied via cyclic voltammetry. The improved electronic conductivity and structure stability of bare NMCP is attributed to the contribution of the rGO coating.
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Cheng J, Chen Y, Sun S, Tian Z, Wang C, Huang Q, Li D, Liu C, He Z, Guo L. Boosting the rate capability and cycle life of Zr-substituted Na3V2(PO4)3/C enwrapped on carbon nanotubes for symmetric Na-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xiang J, Zhang P, Lv S, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Sui Y, Ye Y, Qin C. Spinel LiMn 2O 4 nanoparticles fabricated by the flexible soft template/Pichini method as cathode materials for aqueous lithium-ion capacitors with high energy and power density. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14891-14898. [PMID: 35424028 PMCID: PMC8698631 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) with a three-dimensional structure has become one of the cathode materials that has gained the most interest due to its safety, low price and abundant resources. However, the lithium ion transmission is limited by large particle size and particle agglomeration of LMO. Thus, reducing the particle size and agglomeration of LMO can effectively improve its lithium ion transmission. Here, we synthesized a LMO cathode material with a nanoscale crystal size using the flexible expanded graphite (EG) soft template and Pichini method. EG-controlled particle size and particle agglomeration of LMO is conducive to charge transfer and diffusion of lithium ions between LMO and the electrolyte, meanwhile, there are more redox sites on the nanosized LMO particles, which makes the redox reaction of LMO more thorough during the charge and discharge process, resulting in high capacitance performance. In order to obtain the considerably required lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) with high energy density and power density, we assembled aqueous LMO//activated carbon (AC) LICs with 5 M LiNO3 as the aqueous electrolytes, which are environmentally friendly, safe, low cost and have higher electrical conductivity than organic electrolytes. The optimal LIC has an energy density of 32.63 W h kg-1 at a power density of 500 W kg-1 and an energy density of 8.06 W h kg-1 at a power density of 10 000 W kg-1, which is higher than most of the LMO-based LICs in previous reports. After 2000 cycles, the specific capacitance retention rate was 75.9% at a current density of 3 A g-1. Therefore, our aqueous LMO//AC LICs synthesized by the soft template/Pichini method have wide prospects and are suitable for low-cost, high-safety and high-power applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Pengxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yongjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yuncheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Chuanli Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
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Lv S, Wang S, Zheng J, Sun X, He W. TiO2/MWCNTs composite as high performance anode material for sodium storage. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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N-doped hard/soft double-carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 hybrid-porous microspheres with pseudocapacitive behaviour for ultrahigh power sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li H, Zhang B, Wang X, Zhang J, An T, Ding Z, Yu W, Tong H. Heterostructured SnO 2-SnS 2@C Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as a Robust Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Front Chem 2019; 7:339. [PMID: 31139622 PMCID: PMC6527815 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tin-based anode materials with high capacity attract wide attention of researchers and become a strong competitor for the next generation of lithium-ion battery anode materials. However, the poor electrical conductivity and severe volume expansion retard the commercialization of tin-based anode materials. Here, SnO2-SnS2@C nanoparticles with heterostructure embedded in a carbon matrix of nitrogen-doped graphene (SnO2-SnS2@C/NG) is ingeniously designed in this work. The composite was synthesized by a two-step method. Firstly, the SnO2@C/rGO with a nano-layer structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method as the precursor, and then the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite was obtained by further vulcanizing the above precursor. It should be noted that a carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene can inhibit the volume expansion of SnO2-SnS2 nanoparticles and promote the transport of lithium ions during continuous cycling. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between nanoparticles and carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene, the heterostructured SnO2-SnS2@C/NG further fundamentally confer improved structural stability and reaction kinetics for lithium storage. As expected, the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite exhibited high reversible capacity (1201.2 mA h g−1 at the current rate of 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability and exceptional long-life stability (944.3 mAh g−1 after 950 cycles at the current rate of 1.0 A g−1). The results demonstrate that the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite is a highly competitive anode material for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianhui An
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanjing Yu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tong
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang X, Rui X, Chen D, Tan H, Yang D, Huang S, Yu Y. Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3: an advanced cathode for sodium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2556-2576. [PMID: 30672554 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices for large-scale grid and electric vehicle applications due to the advantages of resource abundance and cost-effectiveness. The electrochemical performance of SIBs largely relies on the intrinsic chemical properties of the cathodic materials. Among the various cathodes, rhombohedral Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), a typical sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) compound, is very popular owing to its high Na+ mobility and firm structural stability. However, the relatively low electronic conductivity makes the theoretical capacity of NVP cathodes unviable even at low rates, not to mention the high rate of charging/discharging. This is a major drawback of NVPs, limiting their future large-scale applications. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progresses made in NVP fabrication has been presented, mainly including the strategies of developing NVP/carbon hybrid materials and elemental doping to improve the electronic conductivity of NVP cathodes and designing 3D porous architectures to enhance Na-ion transportation. Moreover, the application of NVP cathodic materials in Na-ion full batteries is summarized, too. Finally, some remarks are made on the challenges and perspectives for the future development of NVP cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chen H, Zhang B, Zhang J, Yu W, Zheng J, Ding Z, Li H, Ming L, Bengono DAM, Chen S, Tong H. In-situ Grown SnS 2 Nanosheets on rGO as an Advanced Anode Material for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries. Front Chem 2018; 6:629. [PMID: 30619835 PMCID: PMC6305560 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SnS2 nanosheets/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was prepared by reflux condensation and hydrothermal methods. In this composite, SnS2 nanosheets in-situ grew on the surface of rGO nanosheets. The SnS2/rGO composite as anode material was investigated both in lithium ion battery (LIB) and sodium ion battery (SIB) systems. The capacity of SnS2/rGO electrode in LIB achieved 514 mAh g-1 at 1.2 A g-1 after 300 cycles. Moreover, the SnS2/rGO electrode in SIB delivered a discharge capacity of 645 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1; after 100 cycles at 0.25 A g-1, the capacity retention still keep 81.2% relative to the capacity of the 6th cycle. Due to the introduction of rGO in the composite, the charge-transfer resistance became much smaller. Compared with SnS2/C electrode, SnS2/rGO electrode had higher discharge capacity and much better cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhang Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanjing Yu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junchao Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Ming
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Shunan Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tong
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
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