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Escalona Hernández V, Padilla-Martínez II, García RAV, Rodríguez MAV, Hernández-Ortiz OJ. Synthesis, and evaluation of photophysical properties of a potential DPP-derived photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with D-A-D architecture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:11. [PMID: 38300359 PMCID: PMC10834609 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The study of a macromolecule derived from DPP and triphenylamine, (DPP-BisTPA) by computational chemistry, its synthesis by direct arylation, optical characterization (UV-Vis and fluorescence) and electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry), as well as its evaluation as a generator of reactive oxygen species indirectly, through the degradation of uric acid. The results obtained by DFT using B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and TD-DFT using CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) reveal values of energy levels of the first singlet and triplet excited state that indicate a possible intersystem crossover and the possible generation of reactive oxygen species by a type I mechanism. The compound presents an absorption region within the phototherapeutic window. The electrochemical bandgap is 1.64 eV which suggests a behavior as a semiconductor. DPP-BisTPa were processed as hemispherical nanoparticles with a size around 100 nm, and NPOs were evaluated as a photosensitizer with a ROS generation yield of 4% using a photodynamic therapy flashlight as the light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escalona Hernández
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Itzia Irene Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - María Aurora Veloz Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
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Barcenas G, Biaggne A, Mass OA, Wilson CK, Obukhova OM, Kolosova OS, Tatarets AL, Terpetschnig E, Pensack RD, Lee J, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L. First-principles studies of substituent effects on squaraine dyes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19029-19040. [PMID: 35478639 PMCID: PMC9033489 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye molecules that absorb light in the visible region are key components in many applications, including organic photovoltaics, biological fluorescent labeling, super-resolution microscopy, and energy transport. One family of dyes, known as squaraines, has received considerable attention recently due to their favorable electronic and photophysical properties. In addition, these dyes have a strong propensity for aggregation, which results in emergent materials properties, such as exciton delocalization. This will be of benefit in charge separation and energy transport along with fundamental studies in quantum information. Given the high structural tunability of squaraine dyes, it is possible that exciton delocalization could be tailored by modifying the substituents attached to the π-conjugated network. To date, limited theoretical studies have explored the role of substituent effects on the electronic and photophysical properties of squaraines in the context of DNA-templated dye aggregates and resultant excitonic behavior. We used ab initio theoretical methods to determine the effects of substituents on the electronic and photophysical properties for a series of nine different squaraine dyes. Solvation free energy was also investigated as an insight into changes in hydrophobic behavior from substituents. The role of molecular symmetry on these properties was also explored via conformation and substitution. We found that substituent effects are correlated with the empirical Hammett constant, which demonstrates their electron donating or electron withdrawing strength. Electron withdrawing groups were found to impact solvation free energy, transition dipole moment, static dipole difference, and absorbance more than electron donating groups. All substituents showed a redshift in absorption for the squaraine dye. In addition, solvation free energy increases with Hammett constant. This work represents a first step toward establishing design rules for dyes with desired properties for excitonic applications. Squaraine dyes are candidates for DNA-templated excitonic interactions. This work presents substituent effects on the electronic and photophysicalproperties of squaraine dyes and a correlation between empirical Hammettconstant and those properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- German Barcenas
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Christopher K Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Olena M Obukhova
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine
| | - Olga S Kolosova
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L Tatarets
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine.,SETA BioMedicals Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | | | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho Falls ID 83401 USA
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Kraisler E, Hodgson MJP, Gross EKU. From Kohn-Sham to Many-Electron Energies via Step Structures in the Exchange-Correlation Potential. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1390-1407. [PMID: 33595312 PMCID: PMC8363072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Accurately
describing excited states within Kohn–Sham (KS)
density functional theory (DFT), particularly those which induce ionization
and charge transfer, remains a great challenge. Common exchange-correlation
(xc) approximations are unreliable for excited states owing, in part,
to the absence of a derivative discontinuity in the xc energy (Δ),
which relates a many-electron energy difference to the corresponding
KS energy difference. We demonstrate, analytically and numerically,
how the relationship between KS and many-electron energies leads to
the step structures observed in the exact xc potential in four scenarios:
electron addition, molecular dissociation, excitation of a finite
system, and charge transfer. We further show that steps in the potential
can be obtained also with common xc approximations, as simple as the
LDA, when addressed from the ensemble perspective. The article therefore
highlights how capturing the relationship between KS and many-electron
energies with advanced xc approximations is crucial for accurately
calculating excitations, as well as the ground-state density and energy
of systems which consist of distinct subsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Kraisler
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9091401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M J P Hodgson
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - E K U Gross
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9091401 Jerusalem, Israel
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Keremane KS, Rao R, Adhikari AV. Simple 3,6-disubstituted Carbazoles as Potential Hole Transport Materials: Photophysical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:289-300. [PMID: 33000869 DOI: 10.1111/php.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing effective and low-cost organic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is crucial for the construction of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and to promote their production in commercial ventures. In this context, we herein report the molecular design, synthesis and characterization of two novel D-A-D-A-D architectured 9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazoles, connecting the mono/dimethoxyphenyl substituted cyanovinylene sidearms symmetrically at 3rd and 6th positions of the carbazole heterocycle (CZ1-2 ), as potential hole-transporting materials (HTMs). The current work highlights their structural, photophysical, thermal, electrochemical and theoretical investigations, including their structure-property correlation studies. Evidently, the optical studies showcased their excellent fluorescence ability due to their push-pull natured structure with extended π-conjugation. Further, in-depth solvatochromic studies demonstrated their intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT)-dominated optoelectronic behavior, supported by various correlation studies. Also, the optical results revealed that CZ1 and CZ2 display λabs and λemi in the order of 410-430 nm and 530-560 nm, respectively, with a bandgap in the range of 2.5-2.6 eV. Finally, their quantum chemical simulations have provided an insight into the predictions of their structural, molecular, electronic and optical parameters. Conclusively, the study furnishes a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in the structural modification of carbazole-based HTMs for achieving better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya S Keremane
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Rathnamala Rao
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Airody Vasudeva Adhikari
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India.,Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
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3-Chloro-5-(3-n-hexylthien-2-yl)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one. MOLBANK 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/m1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stille coupling of 5-chloro-4-oxo-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (7) with tributyl(3-n-hexylthien-2-yl)stannane and Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2 in PhMe at ca. 20 °C, for 24 h gave 3-chloro-5-(3-n-hexylthien-2-yl)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one (9) with a 60% yield. The latter is a potentially useful building block for the synthesis of oligomeric and polymeric donors for organic photovoltaics.
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Luo D, Jin R. Theoretical characterisation and design of D–π–A star-shaped molecules with triphenylamine as core and diketopyrrolopyrroles as arms for organic solar cells. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1549337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Republic of China, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, China
| | - Ruifa Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Republic of China, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, China
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Lu J, Liu S, Wang M. Push-Pull Zinc Porphyrins as Light-Harvesters for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:541. [PMID: 30519554 PMCID: PMC6251255 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been attractive to scientific community due to its eco-friendliness, ease of fabrication, and vivid colorful property etc. Among various kinds of sensitizers, such as metal-free organic molecules, metal-complex, natural dyes etc., porphyrin is one of the most promising sensitizers for DSSC. The first application of porphyrin for sensitization of nanocrystaline TiO2 can be traced back to 1993 by using [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrinato] zinc(II) with an overall conversion efficiency of 2.6%. After 10 years efforts, Officer and Grätzel improved this value to 7.1%. Later in 2009, by constructing porphyrin sensitizer with an arylamine as donor and a benzoic acid as acceptor, Diau and Yeh demonstrated that this donor-acceptor framwork porphyrins could attain remarkable photovoltaic performance. Now the highest efficiencies of DSSC are dominated by donor-acceptor porphyrins, reaching remarkable values around 13.0% with cobalt-based electrolytes. This achievement is largely contributed by the structural development of donor and acceptor groups within push-pull framwork. In this review, we summarized and discussed the developement of donor-acceptor porphyrin sensitizers and their applications in DSSC. A dicussion of the correlation between molecular structure and the spectral and photovoltaic properties is the major target of this review. Deeply dicussion of the substitution group, especially on porphyrin's meso-position were presented. Furthermore, the limitations of DSSC for commercialization, such as the long-term stability, sophisticated synthesis procedures for high efficiency dye etc., have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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