1
|
Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ajay Rakkesh R, Durgalakshmi D, Balakumar S. Scalable approach to fabricate paper-based biomass reduced graphene sensor for the detection of exhaled diabetic breath. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495703. [PMID: 36041406 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a microwave-assisted chemical reduction technique to exfoliate a few layers of graphene from the natural waste material, 'coconut shell'. The microwave irradiation coconut shell is subjected to structural, morphological and functional groups characterization methods including SEM, Raman, FTIR and XPS spectroscopic analyses. The formation of biomass reduced graphene (BRG) has been confirmed through Raman and FTIR spectroscopic analyzes with the presence of D, G and 2D and other functional spectral bands, respectively. The surface topography of the BRG exhibits two-dimensional mat structures with wrinkle topography, imaged by electron microscopic techniques. The metallic behaviour of the BRG is evaluated by band structure calculation using density functional theory. The synthesized nanostructure has been evaluated for exhaled diabetic breath sensing application by fabricating sensor device on the paper-based substrate by roll-to-roll coating technique. The BRG sensor exhibited enhanced sensing response at a very lower concentration of diabetic biomarker with long term stability and rapid response/recovery time of 1.11 s/41.25 s, respectively. Based on our findings, the microwave-assisted BRG is a potential candidate for fabricating highly scalable, inherently safe, economically viable and excellent sensing performance to detect exhaled diabetic breath at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ajay Rakkesh
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, India
| | - D Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai-600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thangamani GJ, Deshmukh K, Kovářík T, Nambiraj NA, Ponnamma D, Sadasivuni KK, Khalil HPSA, Pasha SKK. Graphene oxide nanocomposites based room temperature gas sensors: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130641. [PMID: 33964741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely used in the processing of building materials and this practice adversely affected the environment i.e. both indoor and outdoor air quality. A cost-effective solution for detecting a wide range of VOCs by sensing approaches includes chemiresistive, optical and electrochemical techniques. Room temperature (RT) chemiresistive gas sensors are next-generation technologies desirable for self-powered or battery-powered instruments utilized in monitoring emissions that are associated with indoor/outdoor air pollution and industrial processes. In this review, a state-of-the-art overview of chemiresistive gas sensors is provided based on their attractive analytical characteristics such as high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, rapid assay time and low fabrication cost. The review mainly discusses the recent advancement and advantages of graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites-based chemiresistive gas sensors and various factors affecting their sensing performance at RT. Besides, the sensing mechanisms of GO nanocomposites-based chemiresistive gas sensors derived using metals, transition metal oxides (TMOs) and polymers were discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of GO nanocomposites-based RT chemiresistive gas sensors are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Thangamani
- Department of Physics, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, 30100, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Kovářík
- New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, 30100, Czech Republic
| | - N A Nambiraj
- Center for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - H P S Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Guntur, 522501, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamiri G, Haseeb ASMA. Recent Trends and Developments in Graphene/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites Chemiresistive Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3311. [PMID: 32722341 PMCID: PMC7435888 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of graphene and its derivatives with excellent characteristics such as good electrical and mechanical properties and large specific surface area has gained the attention of researchers. Recently, novel nanocomposite materials based on graphene and conducting polymers including polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), poly (3,4 ethyldioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polythiophene (PTh), and their derivatives have been widely used as active materials in gas sensing due to their unique electrical conductivity, redox property, and good operation at room temperature. Mixing these two materials exhibited better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. This may be attributed to the large specific surface area of the nanocomposites, and also the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers. A variety of graphene and conducting polymer nanocomposite preparation methods such as in situ polymerization, electropolymerization, solution mixing, self-assembly approach, etc. have been reported and utilization of these nanocomposites as sensing materials has been proven effective in improving the performance of gas sensors. Review of the recent research efforts and developments in the fabrication and application of graphene and conducting polymer nanocomposites for gas sensing is the aim of this review paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Zamiri
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - A. S. M. A. Haseeb
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hang T, Wu J, Xiao S, Li B, Li H, Yang C, Yang C, Hu N, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Xie X. Anti-biofouling NH 3 gas sensor based on reentrant thorny ZnO/graphene hybrid nanowalls. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:41. [PMID: 34567654 PMCID: PMC8433158 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since toxic gas leakage may cause ecological environmental problems and even life-threatening damage, effective monitoring of toxic gas is of great importance and subject to increasing demand. However, complicated environmental factors, as well as various coexisting interferences can easily affect the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, hindering their performance. Recent reports have successfully demonstrated the development of hierarchical nanostructures with desirable self-cleaning properties, yet gas sensors that can resist contamination have rarely been realized. Here, we developed a reentrant thorny ZnO/graphene hybrid nanowall structure that simultaneously repels liquid contamination and possesses NH3 gas sensing properties. The unique reentrant and hierarchical structure, featuring an interconnected vertical graphene nanowall framework with numerous ZnO nanospikes branched on the top nanowall, is highly repellent to liquids, even biofluids with low surface tension. The hierarchical structure consisting of gas sensing graphene and ZnO can be successfully applied as an NH3 gas sensor at room temperature, exhibiting not only excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability, but also outstanding stability even after bacterial contamination. This study provides a versatile method for fabricating reentrant and hierarchical structures with excellent liquid repellency, and offers a promising method for designing reliable gas sensors with anti-biofouling properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jiangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Baohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yonghang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| |
Collapse
|