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Campodónico PR, Calderón C, Alcázar JJ, Olivares B, Jaldin L, Suárez-Rozas C. Exploring the behavior of Candida antarctica lipase B in aqueous mixtures of an imidazolium ionic liquid and its surfactant analogue. Front Chem 2024; 11:1289398. [PMID: 38268763 PMCID: PMC10806215 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1289398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) has been evaluated in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)/water mixtures in a wide range of molar fractions (χ B M I M B F 4 ) with and without 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C12-MIMBF4), a surfactant derived from BMIMBF4. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of χ B M I M B F 4 over micellar aggregates to assess the activity of enzymatic reactions. The investigated reaction corresponds to the hydrolysis of the substrate p-nitrophenyl laureate in each χ B M I M B F 4 . The kinetic study for χ B M I M B F 4 at around 0.2 proved to be a border point in enzymatic activity. At χ B M I M B F 4 = 0.1, the lipase activity increases in the presence of C12-MIMBF4. However, at higher concentrations, BMIMBF4 has a negligible effect over the lipase activity. These results suggest specific interactions between water and BMIMBF4 molecules in relation to CALB. This research highlights the superactivity phenomenon driven by the reaction media and the micelle interface. In this interfacial interaction, BMIMBF4 acts directly on the changes induced on the enzyme upon its interaction with the micellar interface. This study opens a green perspective toward the biocatalysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R. Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Calderón
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jackson J. Alcázar
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Limberg Jaldin
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Suárez-Rozas
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Li F, Xiong W, Song G, Yan Y, Li G, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Light-Promoted Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Hydrazides: Application to the Synthesis of Rizatriptan. Org Lett 2023; 25:3287-3292. [PMID: 37114772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A general and highly efficient photochemical C-N coupling reaction of challenging (hetero)aryl chlorides with hydrazides is reported. Catalyzed by a Ni(II)-bipyridine complex, this reaction provides an efficient tool for the synthesis of arylhydrazines in the presence of a soluble organic amine base without an external photosensitizer. The reaction features a wide substrate range (54 examples) and excellent functional group tolerance. The method has also been successfully applied to the three-step concise synthesis of rizatriptan, an effective drug for migraine and cluster headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
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Campodónico PR, Alarcón-Espósito J, Olivares B. Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Biothiols Involved in S NAr Reactions: An Experimental Study. Front Chem 2022; 10:854918. [PMID: 35755252 PMCID: PMC9213796 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.854918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few kinetic parameters, or reaction rates, are known up to date in detail about 1-chloro and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (ClDNB and FDNB, respectively) with a series of biothiols in aqueous media. These biological nucleophiles with thiol groups have been widely used as a reference in nucleophile reactivity assays due to their prevalence and cellular abundance. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the reaction mechanism based on Brönsted-type plots and reactivity patterns of the electrophile/nucleophile pairs. A complete kinetic study was performed in terms of the comparison of Brönsted-type slope parameters (βnuc) for the reactions and was used for assigning the mechanism and the rate-determining step associated with the reaction route. A mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the nucleophilic center of the biothiols is the -SH group and there is only one kinetic product. The kinetic study suggests that the reaction mechanism might be the borderline between concerted and stepwise pathways. An amine–enol equilibrium for the most reactive nucleophiles appears to be the main determining factor controlling the nucleophilic attack in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions investigated, highlighting the anionic form for these nucleophiles. This amine–enol equilibrium involves a hydrogen bond which stabilizes the intermediate species in the reaction pathway. Thus, intramolecular bonds are formed and enhance the nucleophilic strength through the contribution of the solvent surrounding the electrophile/nucleophile pairs. Finally, we highlight the importance of the formation of electrophile/nucleophile adducts that could modify structures and/or functions of biological systems with potential toxic effects. Therefore, it is essential to know all these kinetic and reactivity patterns and their incidence on other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jazmín Alarcón-Espósito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Campodónico PR, Tapia RA, Suárez-Rozas C. How the Nature of an Alpha-Nucleophile Determines a Brønsted Type-Plot and Its Reaction Pathways. An Experimental Study. Front Chem 2022; 9:740161. [PMID: 35186890 PMCID: PMC8847609 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.740161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions between 2-chloro-5-nitro pyrimidine with a serie of α-nucleophile derivatives were kinetically evaluated. The kinetic study was carried out in aqueous media and the data shown an unusual split on the Brønsted type-plot, opening a controversial discussion based on reactivities and possible reaction pathways. These split Brønsted type-plots are discussed over the hypothetical transition state (TS) structures associated to concerted or stepwise mechanisms with emphasis on hydrogen bond interactions between electrophile/nucleophile pair able to determine the reactivities and the plausible reaction routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R. Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Paola R. Campodónico,
| | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Suárez-Rozas
- Centro de Química Médica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Marullo S, D'Anna F, Rizzo C, Billeci F. Ionic liquids: "normal" solvents or nanostructured fluids? Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2076-2095. [PMID: 33606870 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of non-conventional solvents, which, for almost two decades, have continued to generate burgeoning interest in different fields of present-day chemical research with few similar precedents. Among the various aspects related to ILs, a topic worthy of in-depth analysis is their influence on organic reactivity and reaction rates. In light of this, the present short review aims to provide an overview of the literature from 2010 to the present day that addresses this issue. In particular, we herein present two main different viewpoints by which the solvent effect of ILs is explained: the first is mainly based on considering the bulk polarity of ILs and linear solvation energy relationships, while the other treats ILs as nanostructured fluids. In both cases, studies dealing with IL mixtures are also covered. Finally, literature addressing the area of supramolecular catalysis "by" or "in" ILs is also reported. This is one of the few reviews covering these specific aspects, aiming to provide a useful framework to guide future research into the effects of ILs on organic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Marullo
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Anna
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carla Rizzo
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Floriana Billeci
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Wang JY, Choi K, Zuend SJ, Borate K, Shinde H, Goetz R, Hartwig JF. Cross-Coupling between Hydrazine and Aryl Halides with Hydroxide Base at Low Loadings of Palladium by Rate-Determining Deprotonation of Bound Hydrazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:399-408. [PMID: 32929852 PMCID: PMC7755694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling of hydrazine with (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides to form aryl hydrazines with catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm of Pd and KOH as base. Mechanistic studies revealed two catalyst resting states: an arylpalladium(II) hydroxide and arylpalladium(II) chloride. These compounds are present in two interconnected catalytic cycles and react with hydrazine and base or hydrazine alone to give the product. The selectivity of the hydroxide complex with hydrazine to form aryl over diaryl hydrazine was lower than that of the chloride complex, as well as the catalytic reaction. In contrast, the selectivity of the chloride complex closely matched that of the catalytic reaction, indicating that the aryl hydrazine is derived from this complex. Kinetic studies showed that the coupling process occurs by rate-limiting deprotonation of a hydrazine-bound arylpalladium(II) chloride complex to give an arylpalladium(II) hydrazido complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Stephan J Zuend
- BASF Corp., 46820 Fremont Boulevard, Fremont, California, 94538, USA
| | - Kailaskumar Borate
- Innovation Campus Mumbai, Room No. 6.23, BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area, Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai, 400705, India
| | - Harish Shinde
- Innovation Campus Mumbai, Room No. 6.23, BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area, Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai, 400705, India
| | - Roland Goetz
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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Wang JY, Choi K, Zuend SJ, Borate K, Shinde H, Goetz R, Hartwig JF. Cross‐Coupling between Hydrazine and Aryl Halides with Hydroxide Base at Low Loadings of Palladium by Rate‐Determining Deprotonation of Bound Hydrazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y. Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Kyoungmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Kailaskumar Borate
- Innovation Campus Mumbai, Room No. 6.23 BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe Navi Mumbai 400705 India
| | - Harish Shinde
- Innovation Campus Mumbai, Room No. 6.23 BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe Navi Mumbai 400705 India
| | - Roland Goetz
- BASF SE Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
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8
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Campodónico PR, Olivares B, Tapia RA. Experimental Analyses Emphasize the Stability of the Meisenheimer Complex in a S NAr Reaction Toward Trends in Reaction Pathways. Front Chem 2020; 8:583. [PMID: 32754575 PMCID: PMC7366874 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of SNAr reactions between 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine with primary and secondary alicyclic amines, respectively, have been studied by kinetic measurements. The kinetic data obtained in aqueous media opens a controversial discussion based on Brönsted-type plots analysis. The first approach based on the kinetic data reveals a non-catalyzed pathway. Then, the subtlety of the mathematical treatment of the kinetic data is discussed over a concerted or stepwise mechanism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Tapia
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Campestre C, Keglevich G, Kóti J, Scotti L, Gasbarri C, Angelini G. Microwave-assisted simple synthesis of 2-anilinopyrimidines by the reaction of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine with aniline derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12249-12254. [PMID: 35497585 PMCID: PMC9050660 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-anilinopyrimidines including novel derivatives has been obtained from 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine by aromatic nucleophilic substitution with differently substituted anilines under microwave conditions. The substituents had a significant impact on the course and efficiency of the reaction. The results reported herein demonstrate the efficacy of microwaves in the synthesis of the title heterocyclic compounds as compared to the results obtained with conventional heating. The 2-anilinopyrimidines described are of potential bioactivity. A rapid, one pot, green approach by microwave heating in ethanol provides a new method to obtain active and new potentially active compounds in high yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy +39-0871-3554785
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1521 Budapest Hungary
| | - János Kóti
- Spectroscopic Research Division, Gedeon Richter Plc. 1475 Budapest Hungary
| | - Luca Scotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Carla Gasbarri
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy +39-0871-3554785
| | - Guido Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy +39-0871-3554785
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