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Rezaei B, Yari P, Sanders SM, Wang H, Chugh VK, Liang S, Mostufa S, Xu K, Wang JP, Gómez-Pastora J, Wu K. Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review on Synthesis, Characterization, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304848. [PMID: 37732364 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are applied in numerous fields, especially in biomedical applications. Since biofluidic samples and biological tissues are nonmagnetic, negligible background signals can interfere with the magnetic signals from MNPs in magnetic biosensing and imaging applications. In addition, the MNPs can be remotely controlled by magnetic fields, which make it possible for magnetic separation and targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, due to the unique dynamic magnetizations of MNPs when subjected to alternating magnetic fields, MNPs are also proposed as a key tool in cancer treatment, an example is magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Due to their distinct surface chemistry, good biocompatibility, and inducible magnetic moments, the material and morphological structure design of MNPs has attracted enormous interest from a variety of scientific domains. Herein, a thorough review of the chemical synthesis strategies of MNPs, the methodologies to modify the MNPs surface for better biocompatibility, the physicochemical characterization techniques for MNPs, as well as some representative applications of MNPs in disease diagnosis and treatment are provided. Further portions of the review go into the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of composite MNPs with core/shell structures as well as a deeper analysis of MNP properties to learn about potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Sean M Sanders
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Haotong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Lubbock, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Lubbock, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kanglin Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Lubbock, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Lubbock, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Ger TR, Wu PS, Wang WJ, Chen CA, Abu PAR, Chen SL. Development of a Microfluidic Chip System with Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor for High-Sensitivity Detection of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:807. [PMID: 37622894 PMCID: PMC10452397 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely utilized in the biomedical field for numerous years, offering several advantages such as exceptional biocompatibility and diverse applications in biology. However, the existing methods for quantifying magnetic labeled sample assays are scarce. This research presents a novel approach by developing a microfluidic chip system embedded with a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor. The system successfully detects low concentrations of MNPs with magnetic particle velocities of 20 mm/s. The stray field generated by the magnetic subject flowing through the microchannel above the GMR sensor causes variations in the signals. The sensor's output signals are appropriately amplified, filtered, and processed to provide valuable indications. The integration of the GMR microfluidic chip system demonstrates notable attributes, including affordability, speed, and user-friendly operation. Moreover, it exhibits a high detection sensitivity of 10 μg/μL for MNPs, achieved through optimizing the vertical magnetic field to 100 Oe and the horizontal magnetic field to 2 Oe. Additionally, the study examines magnetic labeled RAW264.7 cells. This quantitative detection of magnetic nanoparticles can have applications in DNA concentration detection, protein concentration detection, and other promising areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 115204, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-An Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Patricia Angela R. Abu
- Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Shih-Lun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan;
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Chen JA, Xu Z, Gu J, Law WC, Yang JHC, Chen CK. Organic/Inorganic Self-Assembled Hybrid Nano-Architectures for Cancer Therapy Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100349. [PMID: 34735739 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the conceptualization of nanomedicine, numerous nanostructure-mediated drug formulations have progressed into clinical trials for treating cancer. However, recent clinical trial results indicate such kind of drug formulations has a limited improvement on the antitumor efficacy. This is due to the biological barriers associated with those formulations, for example, circulation stability, extravasation efficiency in tumor, tumor penetration ability, and developed multi-drug resistance. When employing for nanomedicine formulations, pristine organic-based and inorganic-based nanostructures have their own limitations. Accordingly, organic/inorganic (O/I) hybrids have been developed to integrate the merits of both, and to minimize their intrinsic drawbacks. In this context, the recent development in O/I hybrids resulting from a self-assembly strategy will be introduced. Through such a strategy, organic and inorganic building blocks can be self-assembled via either chemical covalent bonds or physical interactions. Based on the self-assemble procedure, the hybridization of four organic building blocks including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and polymeric nanocapsules with five functional inorganic nanoparticles comprising gold nanostructures, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, quantum dots, and silica nanoparticles will be highlighted. The recent progress of these O/I hybrids in advanced modalities for combating cancer, such as, therapeutic agent delivery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy will be systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jian-An Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Hsiao Chun Yang
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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Voronin DV, Abalymov AA, Svenskaya YI, Lomova MV. Key Points in Remote-Controlled Drug Delivery: From the Carrier Design to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9149. [PMID: 34502059 PMCID: PMC8430748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased research activity aiming at improved delivery of pharmaceutical molecules indicates the expansion of the field. An efficient therapeutic delivery approach is based on the optimal choice of drug-carrying vehicle, successful targeting, and payload release enabling the site-specific accumulation of the therapeutic molecules. However, designing the formulation endowed with the targeting properties in vitro does not guarantee its selective delivery in vivo. The various biological barriers that the carrier encounters upon intravascular administration should be adequately addressed in its overall design to reduce the off-target effects and unwanted toxicity in vivo and thereby enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the payload. Here, we discuss the main parameters of remote-controlled drug delivery systems: (i) key principles of the carrier selection; (ii) the most significant physiological barriers and limitations associated with the drug delivery; (iii) major concepts for its targeting and cargo release stimulation by external stimuli in vivo. The clinical translation for drug delivery systems is also described along with the main challenges, key parameters, and examples of successfully translated drug delivery platforms. The essential steps on the way from drug delivery system design to clinical trials are summarized, arranged, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya St. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.A.A.); (Y.I.S.); (M.V.L.)
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Leninsky Prospekt 65, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatolii A. Abalymov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya St. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.A.A.); (Y.I.S.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Yulia I. Svenskaya
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya St. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.A.A.); (Y.I.S.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Maria V. Lomova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya St. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.A.A.); (Y.I.S.); (M.V.L.)
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Xia X, Tao J, Ji Z, Long C, Hu Y, Zhao Z. Increased antitumor efficacy of ginsenoside Rh 2 via mixed micelles: in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1369-1377. [PMID: 32998576 PMCID: PMC7580790 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1825542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to apply Solutol® HS15 and TPGS to prepare self-assembled micelles loading with ginsenoside Rh2 to increase the solubility of ginsenoside Rh2, hence, improving the antitumor efficacy. Ginsenoside Rh2-mixed micelles (Rh2-M) were prepared by thin film dispersion method. The optimal Rh2-M was characterized by particle size, morphology, and drug encapsulation efficiency. The enhancement of in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of Rh2-M was evaluated by nude mice bearing tumor model. The solubility of Rh2 in self-assembled micelles was increased approximately 150-folds compared to free Rh2. In vitro results demonstrated that the particle size of Rh2-M is 74.72 ± 2.63 nm(PDI = 0.147 ± 0.15), and the morphology of Rh2-M is spherical or spheroid, and the EE% and LE% are 95.27 ± 1.26% and 7.68 ± 1.34%, respectively. The results of in vitro cell uptake and in vivo imaging showed that Rh2-M could not only increase the cell uptake of drugs, but also transport drug to tumor sites, prolonging the retention time. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor results showed that the anti-tumor effect of Rh2 can be effectively improved by Rh2-M. Therefore, Solutol® HS15 and TPGS could be used to entrapping Rh2 into micelles, enhancing solubility and antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zhuwa Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Chencheng Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Yang G, Wu P, Yu C, Zhang J, Song J. Facile Engineering of Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapies by Host‐Guest Self‐Assembly. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yang
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University 426 Songshibei Road Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Cong Yu
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University 426 Songshibei Road Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University 426 Songshibei Road Chongqing 401147 China
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De Angelis B, Depalo N, Petronella F, Quintarelli C, Curri ML, Pani R, Calogero A, Locatelli F, De Sio L. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle-assisted immunotherapy: a new weapon against solid tumours. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1823-1840. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between photo-thermal therapy and immunotherapy allows the realization of new nanotechnology-based cancer treatments for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- CNR-IPCF
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes-Bari Division
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- CNR-IC
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute Crystallography
- 00015 Monterotondo – Rome
- Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - M. Lucia Curri
- CNR-IPCF
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes-Bari Division
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
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