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Dobšíková K, Spálovská D, Kuchař M, Paškanová N, Setnička V. Indazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids: Absolute configuration determination and structure characterization by circular dichroism and DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122373. [PMID: 36657287 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of products containing synthetic cannabinoids pose a growing crisis to public health worldwide. Recently, a rising number of cases of serious adverse health effects, intoxications, and death cases associated with synthetic cannabinoids were reported. The current study represents the comprehensive structural analysis of three new synthetic cannabinoids (AB-, ADB- and AMB-FUBINACA) in solution investigated by electronic and vibrational circular dichroism together with the conventional methods of infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, all supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The best level of theory to reproduce the experimental wavenumbers and wavelengths was found to be the B3PW91 method with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set including the implicit solvent effect simulation. Very good agreement between the experimental and simulated spectra allowed us to determine the absolute configuration and a detailed interpretation of the IR absorption, VCD, ECD and UV spectra of AB-, ADB- and AMB-FUBINACA. In addition, the HOMO and LUMO electronic transitions were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - D Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - N Paškanová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - V Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA,70113th Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA,Corresponding author. RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA.
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3
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Liu C, Li W, Zhang W, Zhao H, He G, Li C, Wang C, Li G. AIE-doped Poly(Ionic Liquid) Photonic Spheres for the Discrimination of Psychoactive Substances. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203616. [PMID: 36576302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse has drawn intense attention due to increasing concerns to public health and safety. The construction of a sensing platform with the capability to identify them remains a big challenge because of the limitations of synthetic complexity, sensing scope and receptor extendibility. Here a kind of poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) photonic crystal spheres doped with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens was developed. As diverse noncovalent interactions involve in PIL moieties, the single sphere shows different binding affinity to a broad range of psychoactive substances. Furthermore, the dual-channel signals arising from photonic crystal structures and sensitive AIE-luminogens provide high-dimensional information for discriminative detection of targets, even for molecules with slight structural differences. More importantly, such single sphere sensing platform could be flexibly customized through ion-exchange, showing great extendibility to fabricate high-efficiency/high-throughput sensing arrays without tedious synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Xingzhi Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100086, P. R. China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guokang He
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chi Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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4
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Vigo F, Tozzi A, Disler M, Gisi A, Kavvadias V, Kavvadias T. Vibrational Spectroscopy in Urine Samples as a Medical Tool: Review and Overview on the Current State-of-the-Art. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010027. [PMID: 36611319 PMCID: PMC9818072 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although known since the first half of the twentieth century, the evolution of spectroscopic techniques has undergone a strong acceleration after the 2000s, driven by the successful development of new computer technologies suitable for analyzing the large amount of data obtained. Today's applications are no longer limited to analytical chemistry, but are becoming useful instruments in the medical field. Their versatility, rapidity, the volume of information obtained, especially when applied to biological fluids that are easy to collect, such as urine, could provide a novel diagnostic tool with great potential in the early detection of different diseases. This review aims to summarize the existing literature regarding spectroscopy analyses of urine samples, providing insight into potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vigo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Tozzi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Basel Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Disler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Gisi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tilemachos Kavvadias
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Basel Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Kranenburg RF, Ramaker HJ, van Asten AC. Portable near infrared spectroscopy for the isomeric differentiation of new psychoactive substances. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111467. [PMID: 36154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient identification of the precise isomeric form of new psychoactive substances (NPS) by forensic casework laboratories is a relevant challenge in the forensic field. Differences in legal status occur for ring-isomeric species of the same class, thus leading to different penalties and judicial control. Portable systems such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy recently emerged as suitable techniques for the on-scene identification of common drugs of abuse such as cocaine, MDMA and amphetamine. This way, the overall forensic process becomes more efficient as relevant information on substance identity becomes available directly at the scene of crime. Currently, no NIR-based applications exist for the rapid, on-scene detection of NPS isomers. Herein, we present the differentiation of cathinone and phenethylamine-type NPS analogues based on their NIR spectrum recorded in 2 seconds on a portable 1350 - 2600 nm spectrometer. A prior developed data analysis model was found suitable for the identification of the methylmethcathinone (MMC) isomers 2-MMC, 3-MMC and 4-MMC. In 51 mixtures and 22 seized casework samples, the correct isomeric form was detected in all cases except for a few mixtures with an active ingredient content of 10 wt%. These results show the feasibility of on-site NPS detection as presumptive test performed directly at the scene of crime with a small size NIR-spectrometer. Additionally, in the illicit drug analysis laboratory the combination of NIR and GC-MS analysis might be suitable for robust identification of NPS isomers and analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben F Kranenburg
- Dutch National Police, Unit Amsterdam, Forensic Laboratory, Kabelweg 25, Amsterdam 1014 BA, the Netherlands; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk-Jan Ramaker
- TIPb, Koningin Wilhelminaplein 30, Amsterdam 1062 KR, the Netherlands
| | - Arian C van Asten
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, the Netherlands; Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center (CLHC), Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, Postbus 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, the Netherlands
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6
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Dixon DI, Antonides LH, Costello A, Crane B, Embleton A, Fletcher ML, Gilbert N, Hulme MC, James MJ, Lever MA, Maccallum CJ, Millea MF, Pimlott JL, Robertson TBR, Rudge NE, Schofield CJ, Zukowicz F, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Comparative study of the analysis of seized samples by GC-MS, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy within a Night-Time Economy (NTE) setting. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114950. [PMID: 35914505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid analysis of surrendered or seized drug samples provides important intelligence for health (e.g. treatment or harm reduction), and custodial services. Herein, three in-situ techniques, GC-MS, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, with searchable libraries, are used to analyse 318 samples qualitatively, using technique specific library-based searches, obtained over the period 24th - 29th August 2019. 259 samples were identified as consisting of a single component, of which cocaine was the most prevalent (n = 158). Median match scores for all three techniques were ≥ 0.84 and showed agreement except for metformin (n = 1), oxandrolone (identified as vitamin K by IR (n = 4)), diazepam (identified as zolpidem by FT-IR (n = 2)) and 2-Br-4,5-DMPEA (n = 1), a structural isomer of 2C-B identified as a polymer of cellulose (cardboard) by FT-IR. 51 samples were found to consist of two or more components, of which 49 were adulterated cocaine samples (45 binary and 4 tertiary samples). GC-MS identified all components present in the 49 adulterated cocaine samples, whereas IR identified only cocaine in 88 % of cases (adulterant only = 12 %). The breakdown for 1H NMR spectroscopy was all components identified (51 %), cocaine only (33 %), adulterant only (10 %), cocaine and one adulterant (tertiary mixtures only, 6 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Dixon
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lysbeth H Antonides
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Andrew Costello
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, UK
| | - Benjamin Crane
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Arran Embleton
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mark L Fletcher
- Manchester Pride, Manchester One, 53 Portland Street, Manchester M1 3LD, UK
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Matthew C Hulme
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Molly J James
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Michael A Lever
- Manchester Pride, Manchester One, 53 Portland Street, Manchester M1 3LD, UK
| | - Conner J Maccallum
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Molly F Millea
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jessica L Pimlott
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nathan E Rudge
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, UK
| | - Filip Zukowicz
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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7
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Guo G, Wang T, Ding X, Wang H, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Ding S, Li S, Li J. Fluorescent lanthanide metal-organic framework for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of methcathinone in human urine. Talanta 2022; 249:123663. [PMID: 35704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Methcathinone (MC), a new and easily abused psychoactive substance, not only has a rigorous impact on public security, but also endangers people's health. Herein, novel fluorescent europium metal-organic frameworks (Eu-MOF) were synthesized through a facile one-step solvothermal strategy and utilized as an effective "signal-off" sensing platform for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of MC. The as-fabricated Eu-MOF possessed superior optical properties encompassing bright red fluorescence and good photostability. In the presence of MC, the fluorescence of Eu-MOF was significantly quenched, mainly attributing to the internal filtering effect between Eu-MOF and MC. The fluorescent signal showed high selectivity for MC over other illicit drugs, and offered two linear ranges of 1-100 ng/mL and 100-4000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.40 ng/mL. Strikingly, the nanoprobe could be applied for the assay of MC in human urine with satisfactory recoveries and acceptable results. This work provides a promising route for MC detection to effectively control illicit drug pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxian Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanting Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siqiao Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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8
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He K. Pharmacological affinity fingerprints derived from bioactivity data for the identification of designer drugs. J Cheminform 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 35672835 PMCID: PMC9171973 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their threat to public health, more effective methods for NPS prediction and identification are critical. In this study, the pharmacological affinity fingerprints (Ph-fp) of NPS compounds were predicted by Random Forest classification models using bioactivity data from the ChEMBL database. The binary Ph-fp is the vector consisting of a compound’s activity against a list of molecular targets reported to be responsible for the pharmacological effects of NPS. Their performance in similarity searching and unsupervised clustering was assessed and compared to 2D structure fingerprints Morgan and MACCS (1024-bits ECFP4 and 166-bits SMARTS-based MACCS implementation of RDKit). The performance in retrieving compounds according to their pharmacological categorizations is influenced by the predicted active assay counts in Ph-fp and the choice of similarity metric. Overall, the comparative unsupervised clustering analysis suggests the use of a classification model with Morgan fingerprints as input for the construction of Ph-fp. This combination gives satisfactory clustering performance based on external and internal clustering validation indices.
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9
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Development of an Electrochemical Sensor Using a Modified Carbon Paste Electrode with Silver Nanoparticles Capped with Saffron for Monitoring Mephedrone. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041625. [PMID: 35214527 PMCID: PMC8878875 DOI: 10.3390/s22041625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, is growing into a prominent recreational drug for young people. When it came to detecting mephedrone, limited efforts were made using electrochemical sensors. As a result, this application depicts the fabrication of a new, sensitive, selective, and economical electrochemical sensor capable of detecting mephedrone by using silver nanoparticles capped with saffron produced through electropolymerization to modify carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were capped with saffron (AgNPs@Sa) using a green method. AgNPs@Sa were studied using electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The sensor was evaluated under the optimum condition to determine its analytical features. The results showed that this procedure had a wide linear range, low detection limit and sufficient reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor posed sufficient stability. Moreover, it was applied in the determination of mephedrone in urine samples, showing the potential applicability of this electrochemical sensor in real sample analysis.
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10
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Ling J, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Ding Y. Recyclable Magnetic Fluorescence Sensor Based on Fe 3O 4 and Carbon Dots for Detection and Purification of Methcathinone in Sewage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3752-3761. [PMID: 35014257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive, rapid, and low-cost detection of drug traces in sewage is very important for drug monitoring and control. In this study, a dual functional and recyclable magnetic fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MFMIPs) sensor with high sensitivity for rapid detection and purification of methcathinone in sewage was developed. MFMIPs was prepared via molecular imprinting and conjugation with carbon dots as a fluorescent reporter on Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-MIPs@CDs). With strong recognition and adsorption toward methcathinone by the specific cavities on the surface of MFMIPs, the fluorescence of the sensor could dramatically be quenched once anchored with methcathinone. Under optimal conditions, the MFMIPs sensor presented high sensitivity with a linear range of 0.5-100 nM and a detection limit of 0.2 nM, which would be used to monitor drug prevalence and consumption within a certain region. This sensor was applied to the assay of methcathinone in sewage samples collected from Yuebeiyuan, Yanghu, and Xujiahu sewage pumping stations of Yuelu District. The calculated concentrations of methcathinone were 4.80, 15.33, and 8.59 nM in sewage samples, which were in good agreement with data tested by LC-MS/MS. For another function, MFMIPs exhibited purification toward methcathinone and the adsorption capacity was about 0.27 mg/g in a real sewage sample. Moreover, the sensor could be recycled and reused at least five times with the aid of an external magnetic field. Collectively, with good analytical performance and excellent recognition and selectivity to methcathinone, the proposed sensing system based on the magnetic core and molecularly imprinted polymers would open a door to establish highly sensitive and effective sensing systems for sewage analysis and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ling
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zijia Cheng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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11
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Vincenti F, Gregori A, Flammini M, Di Rosa F, Salomone A. Seizures of New Psychoactive Substances on the Italian territory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 326:110904. [PMID: 34371393 PMCID: PMC8411784 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the availability and the consequent consumption of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) have proliferated at an unprecedented rate, posing a significant risk to the public health and challenging the law enforcement efforts to tackle the black market. In particular, large availability on Internet and unmonitored shipping have facilitated the diffusion of NPS on national territories. In this scenario, the forensic activity based on the process of drug detection, including investigation, seizure, recognition and analytical identification is crucial to get insights into the drug black market transformation. In this study, we describe the results obtained from the analysis of hundreds of packages seized during the months of year 2020, and suspected to contain NPS because not reacting with standard field test kits. We focused on the analysis by GC-MS and HPLC-HRMS, and NPS in particular, trying to underline the most common molecules present on the Italian territory during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPS were identified in 92.6% of the samples. The most prevalent compounds were synthetic cathinones, and 3-MMC in particular, which alone accounted for 18.6% of the total cases. Other prevalent molecules were 5F-MDMB-PICA, 2-FDCK, 1cp-LSD and 1P-LSD. Fentanyl was never detected. The information obtained from drug seizures is crucial to publish national alerts, which are in turn important to assist the legislative effort to ban new compounds and the update of toxicological and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Vincenti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, 00185 Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Flammini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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12
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Chen YC, Hong SW, Wu HH, Wang YL, Chen YF. Rapid Formation of Nanoclusters for Detection of Drugs in Urine Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1789. [PMID: 34361175 PMCID: PMC8308440 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a sample pretreatment process for rapid, sensitive, reproducible, multiplexed, and low-cost detection of illegal drugs in urine. The abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become an increasingly serious problem in many countries. However, immunoassay-based screening kits for NPS are usually not available because of the lack of corresponding antibodies. SERS has a great potential for rapid detection of NPS because it can simultaneously detect multiple kinds of drugs without the use of antibodies. To achieve highly sensitive SERS detection of drugs, sodium bromide was first employed to induce the rapid formation of Ag nanoclusters by aggregating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the extracted sample solution. SERS measurements were performed immediately after the sample pretreatment without incubation. The three-dimensional SERS hot spots were believed to form significantly within the nanoclusters, providing strong SERS enhancement effects. The displacement of citrate molecules on the surfaces of the AgNPs by bromide ions helped increase the adsorption of drug molecules, increasing their areal density. We demonstrated the simultaneous detection of two kinds of NPS, methcathinone and 4-methylmethcathinone, in urine at a concentration as low as 0.01 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chu Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.)
| | - Shang-Wen Hong
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.)
| | - Huang-Hesin Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.)
| | - Yuh-Lin Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Fan Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.)
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13
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Kranenburg RF, Verduin J, de Ridder R, Weesepoel Y, Alewijn M, Heerschop M, Keizers PH, van Esch A, van Asten AC. Performance evaluation of handheld Raman spectroscopy for cocaine detection in forensic case samples. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1054-1067. [PMID: 33354929 PMCID: PMC8248000 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Handheld Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique for rapid on-site detection of drugs of abuse. Most devices are developed for on-scene operation with a user interface that only shows whether cocaine has been detected. Extensive validation studies are unavailable, and so are typically the insight in raw spectral data and the identification criteria. This work evaluates the performance of a commercial handheld Raman spectrometer for cocaine detection based on (i) its performance on 0-100 wt% binary cocaine mixtures, (ii) retrospective comparison of 3,168 case samples from 2015 to 2020 analyzed by both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Raman, (iii) assessment of spectral selectivity, and (iv) comparison of the instrument's on-screen results with combined partial least square regression (PLS-R) and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. The limit of detection was dependent on sample composition and varied between 10 wt% and 40 wt% cocaine. Because the average cocaine content in street samples is well above this limit, a 97.5% true positive rate was observed in case samples. No cocaine false positives were reported, although 12.5% of the negative samples were initially reported as inconclusive by the built-in software. The spectral assessment showed high selectivity for Raman peaks at 1,712 (cocaine base) and 1,716 cm-1 (cocaine HCl). Combined PLS-R and PLS-DA models using these features confirmed and further improved instrument performance. This study scientifically assessed the performance of a commercial Raman spectrometer, providing useful insight on its applicability for both presumptive detection and legally valid evidence of cocaine presence for law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben F. Kranenburg
- Forensic LaboratoryDutch National Police, Unit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joshka Verduin
- Forensic LaboratoryDutch National Police, Unit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renee de Ridder
- Forensic LaboratoryDutch National Police, Unit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yannick Weesepoel
- Wageningen Food Safety ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Alewijn
- Wageningen Food Safety ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H.J. Keizers
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Arian C. van Asten
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center (CLHC), Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and MedicineAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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14
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Liu D, Zhang E, Zhao M, Tian Y, Yang M, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methcathinone in rabbits. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 51:101876. [PMID: 33853008 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methcathinone is one of the most commonly abused designer narcotics. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methcathinone is not well understood. In this study, methcathinone was intravenously or intragastrically administered to rabbits in order to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methcathinone. The plasma concentrations of methcathinone and its metabolite cathinone at various timepoints post-methcathinone administration as well as the distribution of methcathinone and cathinone in various tissues were determined and quantified using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to our results, the elimination of methcathinone and cathinone was faster after intravenous administration than that after intragastric administration. The methcathinone or cathinone concentration in the plasma dramatically dropped at 16-18 h post-methcathinone administration followed by a rebound. Gastric content and stomach tissue could be better samples for the identification of methcathinone abuse by oral administration while bile and stomach tissue could be ideal samples for the identification of methcathinone abuse in intravenous injection cases. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of methcathinone and its metabolite cathinone described in this study could benefit future study on identification and control of methcathinone abuse in forensic toxicological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erli Zhang
- Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | | | - Yuli Tian
- Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Center for Special Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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15
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Rose AR, Staretz ME, Joshi M, Wood M, Brettell TA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of eight aminoindanes: 2-Aminoindane, N-methyl-2-, 5-methoxy-, 5-methoxy-6-methyl-, 4,5-methylenedioxy-, 5,6-methylenedioxy- and 5-iodo-2-aminoindane, and rasagiline. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9207. [PMID: 34599535 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aminoindanes are one class of many new psychoactive substances that have emerged over the last decade. Analogues of 2-aminoindane (2-AI) are being encountered in crime laboratories and analytical data for most aminoindanes are limited. Interpretation and optimization of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data will enhance reliability in characterizing aminoindanes. METHODS This study focuses on the electron ionization mass spectrometric fragmentation of eight aminoindane analogues and the gas chromatographic separation of these eight aminoindane analogues using four different column stationary phases, Rxi®-1Sil MS, Rxi®-5Sil MS, Rxi®-35Sil MS, and Rxi®-624Sil MS. Split injection (25:1) was utilized and each column had the same configuration (30 m × 25 mm × 0.25 μm), with the exception of the Rxi®-624Sil MS column (30 m × 25 mm ×1.4 μm). RESULTS Mass spectra showed strong molecular ions for all aminoindanes, except for rasagiline that produced a uniquely abundant [M - 1] ion. Other characteristic fragmentation that was present for all the aminoindanes included indane and indene ions (m/z 115-117), the tropylium ion (m/z 91), and subsequent loss of diene to produce smaller ions that followed: phenyl (m/z 77), cyclopentadienyl (m/z 65), cyclobutadienyl (m/z 51), and cyclopropenyl (m/z 39). CONCLUSIONS Separation of eight aminoindanes was optimized, and linear retention indices were determined for the compounds on four capillary columns. Based on the retention data, all eight aminoindanes were resolved on an Rxi®-624Sil MS column. Each aminoindane exhibited unique fragmentation ions in the mass spectra to distinguish between similar analogues. The results of this study will strengthen the analytical profiles of 2-AI and seven analogues, assisting forensic scientists in their analysis and identification of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Rose
- Forensic Science Program, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Marianne E Staretz
- Forensic Science Program, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Monica Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Ocean County Sheriff's Department, Toms River, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas A Brettell
- Forensic Science Program, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, PA, USA
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16
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Hackshaw KV, Miller JS, Aykas DP, Rodriguez-Saona L. Vibrational Spectroscopy for Identification of Metabolites in Biologic Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E4725. [PMID: 33076318 PMCID: PMC7587585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy (mid-infrared (IR) and Raman) and its fingerprinting capabilities offer rapid, high-throughput, and non-destructive analysis of a wide range of sample types producing a characteristic chemical "fingerprint" with a unique signature profile. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and an array of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques provide selectivity and specificity for screening metabolites, but demand costly instrumentation, complex sample pretreatment, are labor-intensive, require well-trained technicians to operate the instrumentation, and are less amenable for implementation in clinics. The potential for vibration spectroscopy techniques to be brought to the bedside gives hope for huge cost savings and potential revolutionary advances in diagnostics in the clinic. We discuss the utilization of current vibrational spectroscopy methodologies on biologic samples as an avenue towards rapid cost saving diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V. Hackshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joseph S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, OH 43016, USA;
| | - Didem P. Aykas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.P.A.); (L.R.-S.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.P.A.); (L.R.-S.)
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17
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Liu CM, Xu L, He HY, Jia W, Hua ZD. Discrimination of phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues by Raman spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:365-374. [PMID: 32986857 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Raman spectra of 21 phenethylamines were obtained using far-red excitation (785 nm). The distinguishing ability of Raman for phenethylamines, especially for phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues, was investigated. Here, the evaluation of a cross section of Raman spectra demonstrated that all types of phenethylamines were distinguishable, even for certain structural analogues with high spectrum similarity. Raman exhibited high distinguishing ability for phenethylamine regioisomers that differ in the substitution position of halogen, methoxy, alkyl, or other substituted groups; as well as for structural analogues containing different groups, such as furanyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, halogen, and alkyl substituted at the same position. The Raman spectra for homologues with differences in only a methyl group were found to be highly similar; however, their spectra demonstrated small but detectable differences. Four analogue mixtures and 59 seized samples were also analyzed to study the practical use of the Raman method in forensic field. 95% of the seized samples were correctly identified, which significantly validated the ability of Raman method in identifying the correct isomers. Accordingly, this study provides a non-destructive, high-throughput and minimal sample preparation technique for the discrimination of phenethylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yuan He
- College of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
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18
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Islam SK, Cheng YP, Birke RL, Cañamares MV, Muehlethaler C, Lombardi JR. An analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its analogs using surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Sherman LM, Petrov AP, Karger LFP, Tetrick MG, Dovichi NJ, Camden JP. A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy database of 63 metabolites. Talanta 2020; 210:120645. [PMID: 31987216 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the study of metabolic profiles in a biological sample, has seen rapid growth due to advances in measurement technologies such as mass spectrometry (MS). While MS metabolite reference libraries have been generated for metabolomics applications, mass spectra alone are unable to unambiguously identify many metabolites in a sample; these unidentified compounds are typically annotated as "features". Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an interesting technology for metabolite identification based on vibrational spectra. However, no reports have been published that present SERS metabolite spectra from chemical libraries. In this paper, we demonstrate that an untargeted approach utilizing citrate-capped silver nanoparticles yields SERS spectra for 20% of 80 compounds chosen randomly from a commercial metabolite library. Furthermore, prescreening of the metabolites according to chemical functionality allowed for the efficient identification of samples within the library that yield distinctive SERS spectra under our experimental conditions. Last, we present a reference database of 63 metabolite SERS spectra for use as an identification tool in metabolomics studies; this set includes 30 metabolites that have not had previously published SERS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States.
| | - Alexander P Petrov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States
| | - Leonhard F P Karger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States
| | - Maxwell G Tetrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5670, United States
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20
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Fornasaro S, Alsamad F, Baia M, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Beleites C, Byrne HJ, Chiadò A, Chis M, Chisanga M, Daniel A, Dybas J, Eppe G, Falgayrac G, Faulds K, Gebavi H, Giorgis F, Goodacre R, Graham D, La Manna P, Laing S, Litti L, Lyng FM, Malek K, Malherbe C, Marques MPM, Meneghetti M, Mitri E, Mohaček-Grošev V, Morasso C, Muhamadali H, Musto P, Novara C, Pannico M, Penel G, Piot O, Rindzevicius T, Rusu EA, Schmidt MS, Sergo V, Sockalingum GD, Untereiner V, Vanna R, Wiercigroch E, Bonifacio A. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis: Results of a Large-Scale European Multi-Instrument Interlaboratory Study. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4053-4064. [PMID: 32045217 PMCID: PMC7997108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
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Surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful and sensitive
technique for the detection of fingerprint signals of molecules and
for the investigation of a series of surface chemical reactions. Many
studies introduced quantitative applications of SERS in various fields,
and several SERS methods have been implemented for each specific application,
ranging in performance characteristics, analytes used, instruments,
and analytical matrices. In general, very few methods have been validated
according to international guidelines. As a consequence, the application
of SERS in highly regulated environments is still considered risky,
and the perception of a poorly reproducible and insufficiently robust
analytical technique has persistently retarded its routine implementation.
Collaborative trials are a type of interlaboratory study (ILS) frequently
performed to ascertain the quality of a single analytical method.
The idea of an ILS of quantification with SERS arose within the framework
of Working Group 1 (WG1) of the EU COST Action BM1401 Raman4Clinics
in an effort to overcome the problematic perception of quantitative
SERS methods. Here, we report the first interlaboratory SERS study
ever conducted, involving 15 laboratories and 44 researchers. In this
study, we tried to define a methodology to assess the reproducibility
and trueness of a quantitative SERS method and to compare different
methods. In our opinion, this is a first important step toward a “standardization”
process of SERS protocols, not proposed by a single laboratory but
by a larger community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fornasaro
- Raman Spectroscopy Lab, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fatima Alsamad
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Monica Baia
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luís A E Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular-Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Mihaela Chis
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Malama Chisanga
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom M1 7DN
| | - Amuthachelvi Daniel
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-384 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MSLab), MolSys RU, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karen Faulds
- Bionanotechnology Research Section, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hrvoje Gebavi
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Division of Materials Physics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabrizio Giorgis
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
| | - Duncan Graham
- Bionanotechnology Research Section, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro La Manna
- Institute on Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Stacey Laing
- Bionanotechnology Research Section, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucio Litti
- Nanostructures and Optics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-384 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cedric Malherbe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MSLab), MolSys RU, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria P M Marques
- Molecular-Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Nanostructures and Optics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mitri
- Raman Spectroscopy Lab, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vlasta Mohaček-Grošev
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Division of Materials Physics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Howbeer Muhamadali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Institute on Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Chiara Novara
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marianna Pannico
- Institute on Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elena A Rusu
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Valter Sergo
- Raman Spectroscopy Lab, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, SAR Macau, China
| | - Ganesh D Sockalingum
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Renzo Vanna
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ewelina Wiercigroch
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-384 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alois Bonifacio
- Raman Spectroscopy Lab, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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21
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Anzillotti L, Calò L, Banchini A, Schirripa M, Marezza F, Cecchi R. Mephedrone and chemsex: a case report. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 42:101640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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