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El Baraka Y, Hamdoun G, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S. Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for C-H Activation and Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4651. [PMID: 37375204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this brief overview, we discuss the potential of DESs as a greener alternative to volatile organic solvents for cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions in organic chemistry. DESs offer numerous benefits, such as easy preparation, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and the potential to replace volatile organic compounds. The ability of DESs to recover the catalyst-solvent system enhances their sustainability. This review highlights recent advances and challenges in utilizing DESs as a reaction media, as well as the impact of physicochemical properties on the reaction process. Several types of reactions are studied to highlight their effectiveness at promoting C-C bond formation. Aside from demonstrating the success of DESs in this context, this review also discusses the limitations and future prospects of DESs in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Baraka
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Marset X, Guillena G. Deep Eutectic Solvents as à-la-Carte Medium for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Organic Processes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238445. [PMID: 36500536 PMCID: PMC9736881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our society is facing a tremendous challenge to become more sustainable in every sphere of life. Regarding the chemical industry, one of the most significant issues to be addressed is the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as solvents because they are petrol-derived and most of them are toxic and flammable. Among the possible solutions, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives to VOCs in organic catalyzed transformations and other fields. The advantages of these new reaction media are not only related to their more benign physical and chemical properties and, for most of them, their renewable sources but also due to the possibility of being recycled after their use, increasing the sustainability of the catalyzed process in which they are involved. However, their use as media in catalytic transformations introduces new challenges regarding the compatibility and activity of known catalysts. Therefore, designed catalysts and "à-la-carte" DESs systems have been developed to overcome this problem, to maximize the reaction outcomes and to allow the recyclability of the catalyst/media system. Over the last decade, the popularity of these solvents has steadily increased, with several examples of efficient metal-catalyzed organic transformations, showing the efficiency of the catalysts/DES system, compared to the related transformations carried out in VOCs. Additionally, due to the inherent properties of the DES, unknown transformations can be carried out using the appropriated catalyst/DES system. All these examples of sustainable catalytic processes are compiled in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Marset
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (G.G.); Tel.: +34-965903400 (G.G.)
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Niakan M, Masteri-Farahani M. An efficient clean and sustainable methodology for catalytic C-C coupling process over a Pd-free magnetically recoverable cobalt catalyst. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shaibuna M, Theresa LV, Sreekumar K. Neoteric deep eutectic solvents: history, recent developments, and catalytic applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2695-2721. [PMID: 35348135 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01797g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are modified versions of ionic liquids (ILs) and are formed by the fusion of polar components (liquids or solids) via hydrogen bonding interactions. DESs are prepared by the simple mixing of two or three cheap constituents (that are capable of self-association) with gentle heating, which leads to a drastic decrease in their melting points. The resultant clear homogeneous mixture consists of cations, anions, as well as neutral molecules; this will contribute both ionic and molecular solvent properties to the DESs. DESs have emerged as alternatives to conventional organic solvents and ILs, which meet different criteria such as availability, low cost, low toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, ease of preparation method, tunable, and designer physiochemical properties. Many of them have attracted considerable attention and haave been applied in distinct fields of chemistry. To summarize the full-scale development of DESs, this review discusses the history, classifications, various methods of preparation, properties, and some major applications in catalysis in the last three years. This review is expected to be helpful for the further development of DESs based on a summary of the fundamental research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaibuna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
| | - Letcy V Theresa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
| | - K Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
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Dang MHD, Nguyen TTT, Le BQG, Nguyen LHT, Mai NXD, Nguyen MV, Tran PH, Doan TLH. An effective combination of reusable Pd@MOF catalyst and deep eutectic solvents for high-performance C–C coupling reaction. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Boldrini CL, Quivelli AF, Manfredi N, Capriati V, Abbotto A. Deep Eutectic Solvents in Solar Energy Technologies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030709. [PMID: 35163969 PMCID: PMC8838785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have been widely used in many fields to exploit their ecofriendly characteristics, from green synthetic procedures to environmentally benign industrial methods. In contrast, their application in emerging solar technologies, where the abundant and clean solar energy is used to properly respond to most important societal needs, is still relatively scarce. This represents a strong limitation since many solar devices make use of polluting or toxic components, thus seriously hampering their eco-friendly nature. Herein, we review the literature, mainly published in the last few years, on the use of DESs in representative solar technologies, from solar plants to last generation photovoltaics, featuring not only their passive role as green solvents, but also their active behavior arising from their peculiar chemical nature. This collection highlights the increasing and valuable role played by DESs in solar technologies, in the fulfillment of green chemistry requirements and for performance enhancement, in particular in terms of long-term temporal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Liliana Boldrini
- Solar Energy Research Center MIBSOLAR, Department of Materials Science, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (C.L.B.); (A.F.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Solar Energy Research Center MIBSOLAR, Department of Materials Science, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (C.L.B.); (A.F.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Norberto Manfredi
- Solar Energy Research Center MIBSOLAR, Department of Materials Science, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (C.L.B.); (A.F.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +39-080-5442174 (V.C.); +39-02-64485227 (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Abbotto
- Solar Energy Research Center MIBSOLAR, Department of Materials Science, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (C.L.B.); (A.F.Q.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +39-080-5442174 (V.C.); +39-02-64485227 (A.A.)
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Niakan M, Masteri-Farahani M, Karimi S, Shekaari H. Hydrophilic role of deep eutectic solvents for clean synthesis of biphenyls over a magnetically separable Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nahra F, Cazin CSJ. Sustainability in Ru- and Pd-based catalytic systems using N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3094-3142. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review is a critical presentation of catalysts based on palladium and ruthenium bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that have enabled a more sustainable approach to catalysis and to catalyst uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Nahra
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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Cicco L, Dilauro G, Perna FM, Vitale P, Capriati V. Advances in deep eutectic solvents and water: applications in metal- and biocatalyzed processes, in the synthesis of APIs, and other biologically active compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2558-2577. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in metal- and biocatalyzed transformations, in the synthesis of APIs and other biologically active compounds, when employing deep eutectic solvents and water as environmentally responsible solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
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Niakan M, Masteri-Farahani M, Shekaari H, Karimi S. Pd supported on clicked cellulose-modified magnetite-graphene oxide nanocomposite for C-C coupling reactions in deep eutectic solvent. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117109. [PMID: 33142646 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-modified magnetite-graphene oxide nanocomposite was prepared via click reaction and utilized for immobilization of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles without using additional reducing agent. The abundant OH groups of cellulose provided the uniform dispersion and high stability of Pd nanoparticles, while magnetite-graphene oxide as a supporting material offered high specific surface area and easy magnetic separation. The as-prepared nanocomposite served as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions in various hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as sustainable and environmentally benign reaction media. Among the fifteen DESs evaluated for coupling reactions, the hydrophilic DES composed of dimethyl ammonium chloride and glycerol exhibited the best results. Due to the low miscibility of catalyst and DES in organic solvents, the separated aqueous phase containing both of the catalyst and DES can be readily recovered by evaporating water and retrieved eight times with negligible loss of catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Niakan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Research Institute of Green Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Masteri-Farahani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Research Institute of Green Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hemayat Shekaari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sabah Karimi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Pelliccioli V, Dilauro G, Grecchi S, Arnaboldi S, Graiff C, Perna FM, Vitale P, Licandro E, Aliprandi A, Cauteruccio S, Capriati V. Ligand‐Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Synthesis of Benzodithiophene Derivatives and Study of their Optical and Electrochemical Performance. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) Université de Strasbourg 67083 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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Messa F, Dilauro G, Perna FM, Vitale P, Capriati V, Salomone A. Sustainable Ligand‐Free Heterogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed AmbientaliUniversità del Salento Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni I-73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM) – CNRUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed AmbientaliUniversità del Salento Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni I-73100 Lecce Italy
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Deep Eutectic Solvents as Effective Reaction Media for the Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole-based Scaffolds en Route to Donepezil-Like Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030574. [PMID: 32013037 PMCID: PMC7037276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An unsubstituted 2-hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole has recently been included as a scaffold in a series of hybrids (including the hit compound PZ1) based on the framework of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor Donepezil, which is a new promising multi-target ligand in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Building upon these findings, we have now designed and completed the whole synthesis of PZ1 in the so-called deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have emerged as an unconventional class of bio-renewable reaction media in green synthesis. Under optimized reaction conditions, the preparation of a series of 2-hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole-based nuclei has also been perfected in DESs, and comparison with other routes which employ toxic and volatile organic solvents (VOCs) provided. The functionalization of the aromatic ring can have implications on some important biological properties of the described derivatives and will be the subject of future studies of structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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