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Wojaczyńska E, Ostrowska M, Lower M, Czyżyk N, Jakieła A, Marra A. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Calixarene Derivatives Endowed with Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:4240. [PMID: 39275088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Calix[n]arenes, macrocycles constituted of 4-8 phenol moieties linked through methylene bridges, are stable molecules that can be selectively functionalised at the upper or lower rim. It has already been demonstrated that calixarene derivatives can be biologically or pharmacologically active compounds. More recently, suitably functionalised calixarenes and calixarene analogues (dihomooxacalixarenes, thiacalixarenes, calix[4]resorcinols, azacalixarenes, calixpyrroles, and pillarenes) were found to act as anticancer agents, at least in in vitro assays. We are reporting on the latest progress in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lower
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Czyżyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jakieła
- Clinical Department of Clinical Oncology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic in Wrocław, R. Weigla 5, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Oguz A, Saglik BN, Oguz M, Ozturk B, Yilmaz M. Novel mitochondrial and DNA damaging fluorescent Calix[4]arenes bearing isatin groups as aromatase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117586. [PMID: 38171252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer causes a high rate of mortality all over the world. Therefore, the present study focuses on the anticancer activity of new lower rim-functionalized calix[4]arenes integrated with isatin and the p-position of calixarenes with 1,4-dimethylpyridinium iodine against various human cancer cells such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, as well as the PNT1A healthy epithelial cell line. It was observed that compound 6c had the lowest values in MCF-7 (8.83 µM) and MDA-MB-231 (3.32 µM). Cell imaging and apoptotic activity studies were performed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The confocal imaging studies with 6c showed that the compound easily entered the cell, and it was observed that 6c accumulated in the mitochondria. The Comet assay test was used to detect DNA damage of compounds in cells. It was found that treated cells had abnormal tail nuclei and damaged DNA structures compared with untreated cells. In vitro human aromatase enzyme inhibition profiles showed that compound 6c had a remarkable inhibitory effect on aromatase. Compound 6c displayed a significant inhibition capacity on aromatase enzyme with the IC50 value of 0.104 ± 0.004 µM. Thus, not only the anticancer activity of the new fluorescent derivatives, which are the subject of this study, but the aromatase inhibitory profiles have also been proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Begum Nurpelin Saglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, 42131 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey.
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Zhong H, Li L, Zhu S, Wang Y. Controllable self-assembly of thiophene-based π-conjugated molecule and further construction of pillar[5]arene-based host-guest white-light emission system. Front Chem 2022; 10:980173. [PMID: 36118325 PMCID: PMC9478560 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.980173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence materials have been widely applied in biological imaging and sensing, anti-counterfeiting, light-emitting diodes, logic gates et al. The fabrication of luminescent materials with adjustable emission color by self-assembly of π-conjugated molecules has attracted particular attention. In this study, we designed and synthesized a thiophene-based α-cyanostyrene-derivative (TPPA), then investigate its self-assembly morphology and fluorescence emission under different organic solvents, different proportions of H2O/THF (DMSO) mixture and different pH conditions by UV, FL and SEM images. It was found that TPPA formed nanoparticles by self-assembly in organic solvent (THF or DMSO), accompanied by strong fluorescence emission. However, with the increase of water ratio, the fluorescence intensity decreased accompany with red shift, and the self-assembly morphology changed from nanoparticles to fibers. More interestingly, when pillar[5]arene (P5) was added to form host-guest complex with TPPA, white light emission could be successfully constructed when the ratio of TPPA to P5 was 1:20 and THF to water was 19:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shajun Zhu, ; Yang Wang,
| | - Shajun Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shajun Zhu, ; Yang Wang,
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shajun Zhu, ; Yang Wang,
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Ma L, Han Y, Yan C, Chen T, Wang Y, Yao Y. Construction and Property Investigation of Serial Pillar[5]arene-Based [1]Rotaxanes. Front Chem 2022; 10:908773. [PMID: 35747345 PMCID: PMC9210957 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.908773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the construction and application of pillar[5]arene-based [1]rotaxanes have been extensively studied, the types of stoppers for them are limited. In this work, we designed and prepared three series of pillar[5]arene-based [1]rotaxanes (P5[1]Rs) with pentanedione derivatives, azobenzene derivatives, and salicylaldehyde derivatives as the stoppers, respectively. The obtained P5[1]Rs were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 2D), mass spectra, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. We found that the synergic C-H···π, C-H···O interactions and N-H···O, O-H···N hydrogen bonding are the key to the stability of [1]rotaxanes. This work not only enriched the diversity of pillar[n]arene family but also gave a big boost to the pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Sun C, Du S, Zhang T, Han J. A Novel Calix[4]Crown-Based 1,3,4-Oxadiazole as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for Copper(II) Ion Detection. Front Chem 2021; 9:766442. [PMID: 34869207 PMCID: PMC8632693 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.766442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel florescent chemosensor 1 with two different types of cationic binding sites have been reported in this work, which is a calix[4]crown derivative in 1,3-alternate conformation bearing two 2-phenyl-5-(4-dimethylaminopyenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole units. The recognition behaviors of 1 in dichloromethane/acetonitrile solution to alkali metal ions (Na+ and K+), alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+), and transition metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ag+) have been investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence of 1 might be quenched selectively by Cu2+ due to the photo-induced electron transfer mechanism, and the quenched emission from 1 could be partly revived by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+; thus, the receptor 1 might be worked as an on-off switchable fluorescent chemosensor triggered by metal ion exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Energy), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Jadhav AS, Chaudhari AU, Kodam KM, Malkhede DD. Photophysical and NMR studies of encapsulation of 2-cyano-6-hydroxy benzothiazole in p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene and its biological applications. Analyst 2021; 146:5294-5306. [PMID: 34328154 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00770j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the study of the interaction between 2-cyano-6-hydroxy benzothiazole (CHBT) and p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SCX6) at different pH values in aqueous medium by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of SCX6 on the fluorescence properties of CHBT. The steady-state emission of CHBT shows strong sensitivity to its environment. The mode of inclusion complexation of CHBT and SCX6 has also been investigated using HR-MS, FT-IR, NMR, 2D NMR, and FESEM analysis. With the increase in SCX6 concentration, absorbance decreased with an isosbestic point at 305 nm. The binding constant is calculated by a spectrofluorimetric method and stoichiometry by Job's method. The formation of an inclusion complex has been confirmed by 2D NMR NOESY, COSY, ROESY, HMBC, and HSQC spectroscopic methods. The complex is seen to be stabilized by electrostatic interactions between CHBT and the nanocavity of SCX6. Studies with cellular systems support that the CHBT-SCX6 complex is more effective in killing cancerous cells and hence, SCX6 may prove to be an effective carrier for drug molecules like CHBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita S Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India.
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Yildirim A, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesized Two New Water‐Soluble Fluorescents Calix[4]arene 4‐sulfo‐1,8‐naphthalimide Derivatives Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of calix[4]arene-based carbonyl amide derivatives with antitumor activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112984. [PMID: 33183867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calixarenes, with potential functionalization on the upper and lower rim, have been explored in recent years for the design and construction of anticancer agents in the field of drugs and pharmaceuticals. Herein, optimization of bis [N-(2-hydroxyethyl) aminocarbonylmethoxyl substituted calix [4] arene (CLX-4) using structure-based drug design and traditional medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of series of calix [4]arene carbonyl amide derivatives 5a-5t. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of 5a-5t employing MTT assay in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cells), HT29 (human colon carcinoma cells), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells) and HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial) cells demonstrated that the most promising compound 5h displayed the most superior inhibitory effect against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were 3.2 times and 6.8 times of CLX-4, respectively. In addition, the cell inhibition rate (at 10 μM) against normal HUVEC cells in vitro was only 9.6%, indicating the safty of compound 5h. Moreover, compound 5h could inhibit the migration of MDA-MB-231 cell in wound healing assay. Further mechanism studies significantly indicated that compound 5h could block MDA-MB-231 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by down regulating cyclin D1 and CDK4, and induce apoptosis by up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Caspase-3, PARP and Bcl-2 proteins, resulting in the reduction of DNA synthesis and cell division arrest. This work provides worthy of further exploration for the promising calixarene-based anticancer drugs.
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Ozkan SC, Aksakal F, Yilmaz A. Synthesis of novel calix[4]arene p-benzazole derivatives and investigation of their DNA binding and cleavage activities with molecular docking and experimental studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38695-38708. [PMID: 35517565 PMCID: PMC9057276 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel p-benzimidazole-derived calix[4]arene compounds with different structures, and a benzothiazole-derived calix[4]arene compound, were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method and their structures were determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The effects of functional calixarenes against bacterial (pBR322 plasmid DNA) and eukaryotic DNA (calf thymus DNA = CT-DNA) were investigated. The studies with plasmid DNA have shown that compounds 6 and 10 containing methyl and benzyl groups, respectively, have DNA cleavage activity at the highest concentrations (10 000 μM). Interactions with plasmid DNA using some restriction enzymes (BamHI and HindIII) were also investigated. The binding ability of p-substituted calix[4]arene compounds towards CT-DNA was examined using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and it was determined that some compounds showed efficiency. In particular, it was observed that the functional compounds (10 and 5) containing benzyl and chloro-groups had higher activity (K b binding constants were found to be 7.1 × 103 M-1 and 9.3 × 102 M-1 respectively) on DNA than other compounds. Competitive binding experiments using ethidium bromide also gave an idea about the binding properties. Docking studies of the synthesized compounds with DNA were performed to predict the binding modes, affinities and noncovalent interactions stabilizing the DNA-compound complexes at the molecular level. Docking results were in good agreement with the experimental findings on the DNA binding activities of compounds. Based on these results, this preliminary study could shed light on future experimental antibacterial and/or anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Cigdem Ozkan
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Processing Technologies, Acigol Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University Nevsehir Turkey +90 332 2412499 +90 332 2233866
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Fatma Aksakal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Aydan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University 42075 Konya Turkey
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