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He ZQ, Chen SJ, Chen GS, Lin JH, Wu JM, Liu YL. Base-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]thiazines from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF 3-1,3-Enynes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13262-13271. [PMID: 37619215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A base-controlled divergent cyclization between 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF3-1,3-enynes providing either trifluoromethylated or fluorinated benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines has been developed. The β-CF3-1,3-enyne, as a three-carbon synthon, underwent a 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination/intramolecular hydrothiolation to give CF3-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, whereas reaction with KOH afforded fluorinated 4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine exclusively. In addition, the synthetic utility of this methodology was showcased through a variety of downstream derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yang Y, Xiao R, Cao X, Chen Z, Lv X, Zhang Y, Gong S, Zou Y, Yang C. Phenoxazine-Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine Emitters Featuring Both Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Aggregation Induced Emission. Molecules 2021; 26:5243. [PMID: 34500677 PMCID: PMC8434553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate dibenzothiophene sulfoximine derivatives as building blocks for constructing emitters featuring both thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, with multiple advantages including high chemical and thermal stability, facile functionalization, as well as tunable electron-accepting ability. A series of phenoxazine-dibenzothiophene sulfoximine structured TADF emitters were successfully synthesized and their photophysical and electroluminescent properties were evaluated. The electroluminescence devices based on these emitters displayed diverse emissions from yellow to orange and reached external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 5.8% with 16.7% efficiency roll-off at a high brightness of 1000 cd·m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Xialei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.C.); (S.G.)
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Wright IA, Danos A, Montanaro S, Batsanov AS, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Conformational Dependence of Triplet Energies in Rotationally Hindered N- and S-Heterocyclic Dimers: New Design and Measurement Rules for High Triplet Energy OLED Host Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:6545-6556. [PMID: 33560550 PMCID: PMC8251716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of four heterocyclic dimers has been synthesized, with twisted geometries imposed across the central linking bond by ortho-alkoxy chains. These include two isomeric bicarbazoles, a bis(dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide) and a bis(thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide). Spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, supported by density functional theory, have given detailed insights into how para- vs. meta- vs. broken conjugation, and electron-rich vs. electron-poor heterocycles impact the HOMO-LUMO gap and singlet and triplet energies. Crucially for applications as OLED hosts, the triplet energy (ET ) of these molecules was found to vary significantly between dilute polymer films and neat films, related to conformational demands of the molecules in the solid state. One of the bicarbazole species shows a variation in ET of 0.24 eV in the different media-sufficiently large to "make-or-break" an OLED device-with similar discrepancies found between neat films and frozen solution measurements of other previously reported OLED hosts. From consolidated optical and optoelectronic investigations of different host/dopant combinations, we identify that only the lower ET values measured in neat films give a reliable indicator of host/guest compatibility. This work also provides new molecular design rules for obtaining very high ET materials and controlling their HOMO and LUMO energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Wright
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE11 3TUUK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of PhysicsDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE11 3TUUK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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Godumala M, Hwang J, Kang H, Jeong JE, Harit AK, Cho MJ, Woo HY, Park S, Choi DH. High-Performance, Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Realized via the Adjustment of the Composition of the Organoboron Acceptor Monomer in Copolymer Host Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35300-35310. [PMID: 32654477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic polymers that exhibit features pertinent to functioning as host materials for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have considerable potential in solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), allowing simple, low-cost, and large-area applications. In particular, polymer hosts have superior characteristics, including facile functionality to introduce various electron donor and acceptor entities, the ability to uniformly disperse and contain small molecular dopants, and the ability to produce more smooth and homogeneous films, compared to those of their small-molecule counterparts. This manuscript describes the design and development of three new styrene-based copolymers (ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55) bearing diphenylacridine as the electron donor and 2,12-di-tert-butyl-7-phenyl-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene as the electron acceptor. In particular, ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55 were synthesized via variations in the ratio of donor to acceptor monomers to substantiate their influence in OLED applications. With the ability of the styrene backbone of interrupting the direct electronic coupling between the adjacent electron donor and acceptor entities through non-conjugated linkages, high triplet energy can be inherited by the resulting polymers (>2.70 eV). Furthermore, these materials manifest thermal robustness through high decomposition temperatures (between 348 and 366 °C) and high glass transition temperatures (between 234 and 277 °C). Consequently, solution-processable OLEDs fabricated using the newly synthesized copolymers as host materials and the familiar t4CzIPN as a green-emissive TADF dopant deliver state-of-the-art performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 21.8, 22.2, and 19.7% for ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55, respectively. To our knowledge, this is, to date, the best performance reported when organic polymers are used as host materials in solution-processable TADF OLEDs. The pragmatic outcomes obtained in this study can provide useful insights into the structure-property relationship to the OLED community for the further development of efficient polymer hosts for use in solution-processable TADF OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesham Godumala
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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