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Youssef K, Ullah A, Rezai P, Hasan A, Amirfazli A. Recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100764. [PMID: 37674780 PMCID: PMC10477692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are among the major healthcare issues affecting millions of people worldwide with high rates of morbidity, losses of limbs and mortality. Microbial infection in wounds is a severe problem that can impede healing of chronic wounds. Accurate, timely and early detection of infections, and real time monitoring of various wound healing biomarkers related to infection can be significantly helpful in the treatment and care of chronic wounds. However, clinical methodologies of periodic assessment and care of wounds require physical visit to wound care clinics or hospitals and time-consuming frequent replacement of wound dressing patches, which also often adversely affect the healing process. Besides, frequent replacements of wound dressings are highly expensive, causing a huge amount of burden on the national health care systems. Smart bandages have emerged to provide in situ physiochemical surveillance in real time at the wound site. These bandages integrate smart sensors to detect the condition of wound infection based on various parameters, such as pH, temperature and oxygen level in the wound which reduces the frequency of changing the wound dressings and its associated complications. These devices can continually monitor the healing process, paving the way for tailored therapy and improved quality of patient's life. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds in order to assess infection status. We have elaborated the recent progress in quantitative monitoring of several biomarkers important for assessing wounds infection status and its detection using smart biosensors. The review shows that real-time monitoring of wound status by quantifying specific biomarkers, such as pH, temperature and tissue oxygenation to significantly aid the treatment and care of chronic infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Youssef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Alidad Amirfazli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Monfared Dehbali M, Farahmandpour M, Hamedi S, Kordrostami Z. Development of a portable smart Glucometer with two electrode bio-electronic test strip patch based on Cu/Au/rGO/PEDOT:PSS. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9505. [PMID: 37308612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the importance of blood sugar monitoring in diabetic patients has created a global need to develop new glucometers. This article presents the fabrication of a portable smart glucometer for monitoring blood glucose with high sensitivity. The glucometer employs a bio-electronic test strip patch fabricated by the structure of Cu/Au/rGO/PEDOT: PSS on interdigitated electrodes. We demonstrate that this structure based on two-electrode can be superior to the three-electrode electrochemical test strips available in the market. It has good electro-catalytic properties that indicate high-performance sensing of blood glucose. The proposed bio-electronic glucometer can surpass the commercial electrochemical test strips in terms of response time, detection range, and limit of detection. Electronic modules used for the fabrication of smart glucometers, such as a power supply, analog to digital converter, OLED screen, and, wireless transmission module, are integrated onto a printed circuit board and packaged as a bio-electronics glucometer, enabling the comfortable handling of this blood glucose monitoring. The characteristics of active layers biosensors were investigated by SEM, and AFM. The glucometer can monitor glucose in the wide detection range of 0-100 mM, the limit of detection (1 µM) with a sensitivity of 5.65 mA mM-1 and excellent sensing performance such as high selectivity, high reproducibility, and good stability of fabricated test strips. With 11 human blood and serum samples, the glucometer demonstrated high clinical accuracy with the best value of RSD of 0.012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Monfared Dehbali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Design and Fabrication of Advanced Electronic Devices, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Farahmandpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Design and Fabrication of Advanced Electronic Devices, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hamedi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
- Research Center for Design and Fabrication of Advanced Electronic Devices, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zoheir Kordrostami
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Design and Fabrication of Advanced Electronic Devices, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
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Eskilson O, Zattarin E, Berglund L, Oksman K, Hanna K, Rakar J, Sivlér P, Skog M, Rinklake I, Shamasha R, Sotra Z, Starkenberg A, Odén M, Wiman E, Khalaf H, Bengtsson T, Junker JP, Selegård R, Björk EM, Aili D. Nanocellulose composite wound dressings for real-time pH wound monitoring. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100574. [PMID: 36852226 PMCID: PMC9958357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body. Wounds disrupt the functions of the skin and can have catastrophic consequences for an individual resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Wound infections are common and can substantially delay healing and can result in non-healing wounds and sepsis. Early diagnosis and treatment of infection reduce risk of complications and support wound healing. Methods for monitoring of wound pH can facilitate early detection of infection. Here we show a novel strategy for integrating pH sensing capabilities in state-of-the-art hydrogel-based wound dressings fabricated from bacterial nanocellulose (BC). A high surface area material was developed by self-assembly of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in BC. By encapsulating a pH-responsive dye in the MSNs, wound dressings for continuous pH sensing with spatiotemporal resolution were developed. The pH responsive BC-based nanocomposites demonstrated excellent wound dressing properties, with respect to conformability, mechanical properties, and water vapor transmission rate. In addition to facilitating rapid colorimetric assessment of wound pH, this strategy for generating functional BC-MSN nanocomposites can be further be adapted for encapsulation and release of bioactive compounds for treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, enabling development of novel wound care materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eskilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisa Zattarin
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hanna
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Rakar
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petter Sivlér
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Skog
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ivana Rinklake
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rozalin Shamasha
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zeljana Sotra
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annika Starkenberg
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Odén
- Division of Nanostructured Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Wiman
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70362, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70362, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bengtsson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70362, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johan P.E. Junker
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Selegård
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emma M. Björk
- Division of Nanostructured Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Aili
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden,Corresponding author.
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Chen Z, He Y, Tao X, Ma Y, Jia J, Wang Y. Thermal Nociception of Ionic Skin: TRPV1 Ion Channel-Inspired Heat-Activated Dynamic Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10076-10084. [PMID: 36269047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The artificial reproduction of the tactile sensory function of natural skin is crucial for intelligent sensing, human-computer interaction, and medical health. Thermal nociception is an essential human tactile function to avoid noxious thermal stimuli, which depends on the specific heat-activation of the TRPV1 ion channel. Inspired by the TRPV1, a dynamic ionic liquid with heat-activation characteristics is designed and prepared, which can be activated at 45 °C, which is near the physiological noxious temperature, accompanied by a steep rise in electrical response signals. Its electrical behavior can be deemed to be the extreme version of temperature sensation similar to the natural thermal nociceptor. The heat-activation mechanism is confirmed as a feasible strategy to regulate the thermal response behavior of ions, and this reported dynamic ionic liquid has an unprecedented intrinsic temperature response sensitivity of up to 156.79%/°C. In consideration of the similarity between the heat-activated dynamic ionic liquid and the TRPV1 ion channel in terms of heat-activation characteristics, electrical output signal, and ultrathermal sensitivity, an all-liquid ionic skin with the ability of thermal nociception is further fabricated, which shows considerable potential to assist patients with tactile desensitization to avoid noxious thermal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Xinglei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yingchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Jichen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
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Multitasking smart hydrogels based on the combination of alginate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) properties: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:312-332. [PMID: 35934076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a very stable and biocompatible conducting polymer, and alginate (Alg), a natural water-soluble polysaccharide mainly found in the cell wall of various species of brown algae, exhibit very different but at the same complementary properties. In the last few years, the remarkable capacity of Alg to form hydrogels and the electro-responsive properties of PEDOT have been combined to form not only layered composites (PEDOT-Alg) but also interpenetrated multi-responsive PEDOT/Alg hydrogels. These materials have been found to display outstanding properties, such as electrical conductivity, piezoelectricity, biocompatibility, self-healing and re-usability properties, pH and thermoelectric responsiveness, among others. Consequently, a wide number of applications are being proposed for PEDOT-Alg composites and, especially, PEDOT/Alg hydrogels, which should be considered as a new kind of hybrid material because of the very different chemical nature of the two polymeric components. This review summarizes the applications of PEDOT-Alg and PEDOT/Alg in tissue interfaces and regeneration, drug delivery, sensors, microfluidics, energy storage and evaporators for desalination. Special attention has been given to the discussion of multi-tasking applications, while the new challenges to be tackled based on aspects not yet considered in either of the two polymers have also been highlighted.
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Zhang X, Yang W, Zhang H, Xie M, Duan X. PEDOT:PSS: From conductive polymers to sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wentuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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7
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Yang W, Xie M, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhou C, Chang Y, Zhang H, Duan X. Multifunctional Soft Robotic Finger Based on a Nanoscale Flexible Temperature-Pressure Tactile Sensor for Material Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55756-55765. [PMID: 34780161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Robotic hands with tactile perception can perform more advanced and safer operations, such as material recognition. Nanowires with high sensitivity, fast response, and low power consumption are suitable for multifunctional flexible tactile sensors to provide the tactile perception of robotic hands. In this work, we designed a multifunctional soft robotic finger with a built-in nanoscale temperature-pressure tactile sensor for material recognition. The flexible multifunctional tactile sensor integrates a nanowire-based temperature sensor and a conductive sponge pressure sensor to measure the temperature change rate and contact pressure simultaneously. The developed nanoscale temperature and conductive sponge pressure sensor can reach a high sensitivity of 1.196%/°C and 13.29%/kPa, respectively. With this multifunctional tactile sensor, the soft finger can quickly recognize four metals within three contact pressure ranges and 13 materials within a high contact pressure range. By combining tactile information and artificial neural networks, the soft finger can recognize the materials precisely with a high recognition accuracy of 92.7 and 95.9%, respectively. This work proves the application potential of the multifunctional soft robot finger in material recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueyou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhao Z, Xia K, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Lu J. Designing flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics: from conductive polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12702-12743. [PMID: 34643198 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00800e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of portable/wearable electronics proposes new demands for energy storage devices, which are flexibility, smart functions and long-time outdoor operation. Supercapacitors (SCs) show great potential in portable/wearable applications, and the recently developed flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors greatly meet the above demands. In these supercapacitors, conductive polymers (CPs) are widely applied due to their high flexibility, conductivity, pseudo-capacitance, smart characteristics and moderate preparation conditions. Herein, we'd like to introduce the CP-based flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics. This review first summarizes the flexible SCs based on CPs and their composites with carbon materials and metal compounds. The smart supercapacitors, i.e., electrochromic, electrochemical actuated, stretchable, self-healing and stimuli-sensitive ones, are then presented. The self-sustainable SCs which integrate SC units with energy-harvesting units in one compact configuration are also introduced. The last section highlights some current challenges and future perspectives of this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Kequan Xia
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
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Tang N, Zheng Y, Cui D, Haick H. Multifunctional Dressing for Wound Diagnosis and Rehabilitation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101292. [PMID: 34310078 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wound dressing is a sterile pad or compress that is used in direct contact with a wound to help it heal and prevent further issues or complications. Though wound healing is an intricate dynamic process that involves multiple biomolecular species, conventional wound dressings have a limited ability to provide timely information of abnormal conditions, missing the best time for early treatment. The current perspective presents and discusses the design and development of smart wound dressings that are integrated with multifunctional materials, wearable sensors and drug delivery systems as well as their application ranging from wound monitoring to timely application of therapeutics. The perspective also discusses the ongoing challenges and exciting opportunities associated with the development of wearable sensor-based smart wound dressing and provide critical insights into wound healing monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
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Tang N, Zheng Y, Jiang X, Zhou C, Jin H, Jin K, Wu W, Haick H. Wearable Sensors and Systems for Wound Healing-Related pH and Temperature Detection. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:430. [PMID: 33919752 PMCID: PMC8070747 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex tissue regeneration process involving many changes in multiple physiological parameters. The pH and temperature of a wound site have long been recognized as important biomarkers for assessing wound healing status. For effective wound management, wound dressings integrated with wearable sensors and systems used for continuous monitoring of pH and temperature have received much attention in recent years. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable pH and temperature sensors and systems based on different sensing mechanisms for wound status monitoring and treatment are comprehensively summarized. Challenges in the areas of sensing performance, infection identification threshold, large-area 3-dimensional detection, and long-term reliable monitoring in current wearable sensors/systems and emerging solutions are emphasized, providing critical insights into the development of wearable sensors and systems for wound healing monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China; (X.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Ke Jin
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China;
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China; (X.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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