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Guillen E, Terrones H, de Terrones TC, Simirgiotis MJ, Hájek J, Cheel J, Sepulveda B, Areche C. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Secondary Metabolites Using Ethyl Lactate Green Solvent from Ambrosia arborescens: LC/ESI-MS/MS and Antioxidant Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1213. [PMID: 38732429 PMCID: PMC11085450 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Alternative solvents are being tested as green solvents to replace the traditional organic solvents used in both academy and industry. Some of these are already available, such as ethyl lactate, cyrene, limonene, glycerol, and others. This alternative explores eco-friendly processes for extracting secondary metabolites from nature, thus increasing the number of unconventional extraction methods with lower environmental impact over conventional methods. In this context, the Peruvian Ambrosia arborescens was our model while exploring a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) approach over maceration. The objective of this study was to perform a phytochemical study including UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the antioxidant activity of Ambrosia arborescens, using sustainable strategies by mixing both microwaves and ethyl lactate as a green solvent. The results showed that ethyl lactate/MAE (15.07%) achieved a higher extraction yield than methanol/maceration (12.6%). In the case of the isolation of psilostachyin, it was similar to ethyl lactate (0.44%) when compared to methanol (0.40%). Regarding UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS studies, the results were similar. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the ethyl lactate/MAE and methanol/maceration extracts, except for the tentative identification of two additional amino acids (peaks 4 and 6) in the MeOH extract. In relation to the antioxidant assay, the activity of the ethyl lactate extract was a little higher than the methanol extract in terms of ORAC (715.38 ± 3.2) and DPPH (263.04 ± 2.8). This study on A. arborescens demonstrated that the unconventional techniques, such as MAE related to ethyl lactate, could replace maceration/MeOH for the extraction and isolation of metabolites from diverse sources. This finding showed the potential of unconventional methods with green solvents to provide eco-friendly methods based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Guillen
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 68513, Peru; (E.G.); (H.T.); (T.C.d.T.)
| | - Hector Terrones
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 68513, Peru; (E.G.); (H.T.); (T.C.d.T.)
| | - Teresa Cano de Terrones
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 68513, Peru; (E.G.); (H.T.); (T.C.d.T.)
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Jan Hájek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - José Cheel
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Joarder S, Bansal D, Meena H, Kaushik N, Tomar J, Kumari K, Bahadur I, Ha Choi E, Kaushik NK, Singh P. Bioinspired green deep eutectic solvents: preparation, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Sepulveda B, Benites D, Albornoz L, Simirgiotis M, Castro O, Garcia-Beltran O, Areche C. Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of lichen substances from Hypotrachyna cirrhata. Ethyl lactate, a better extracting agent than methanol toxic organic solvent? Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:159-163. [PMID: 34319194 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1956922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we report a green extraction of lichen substances assisted by high power ultrasounds from Hypotrachyna cirrhata using ethyl lactate. This sustainable alternative was comparable, both in isolation and detection of lichen substances, to methanol. In the metabolomic analysis, a total of 77 lichen substances were detected comprising depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, organic acids, and lipids. Although the UHPLC/ESI/MS profiles were similar, the antioxidant activity was higher for the ethyl lactate extract. Ethyl lactate can replace toxic organic solvents, such as methanol, in order to provide more sustainable green chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Derin Benites
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Laura Albornoz
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Olivio Castro
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Olimpo Garcia-Beltran
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Castañeta G, Sepulveda B, Vargas R, Garcia-Beltran O, Simirgiotis M, Areche C. A sustainable application for the extraction of lichen metabolites from Usnea cornuta: nontargeted metabolomics and antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:2076-2082. [PMID: 36008873 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, isolation and purification of lichen substances from Usnea cornuta were performed using conventional solvents, green solvents and green technologies. In addition, several lichen compounds were tentatively identified by UHPLC/ESI/MS/MS and usnic acid, diffractaic and galbinic acids were quantified as well. Limonene, ethyl lactate and methanol, were compared regarding their extraction properties and antioxidant capacities, determined by DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. In the ethyl lactate, methanol and limonene extracts, 28 compounds in all, were detected for the first time by high resolution UHPLC-MS/MS fingerprinting. Untargeted metabolomics tentatively identified 14 compounds from the methanolic extract, 4 from limonene extract, and 20 metabolites from ethyl lactate extract. The green extract of ethyl lactate showed a similar antioxidant capacity to toxic methanol extract, except at ORAC assay where it was higher. Therefore, ethyl lactate can replace methanol, to provide more sustainable green chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grover Castañeta
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Vargas
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olimpo Garcia-Beltran
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Paliwal C, Rehmanji M, Shaikh KM, Zafar SU, Jutur PP. Green extraction processing of lutein from Chlorella saccharophila in water-based ionic liquids as a sustainable innovation in algal biorefineries. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Two New Fumarprotocetraric Acid Lactones Identified and Characterized by UHPLC-PDA/ESI/ORBITRAP/MS/MS from the Antarctic Lichen Cladonia metacorallifera. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms between algae and fungi, which are makers of secondary compounds named as lichen substances. Hyphenated techniques have significantly helped natural product chemistry, especially UHPLC/ESI/MS/MS in the identification, separation, and tentative characterization of secondary metabolites from natural sources. Twenty-five compounds were detected from the Antarctic lichen Cladonia metacorallifera for the first time using UHPLC-PDA/ESI/Orbitrap/MS/MS. Compounds 5 and 7 are reported as new compounds, based on their MS/MS fragmentation routes, and considered as fumarprotocetraric acid derivatives. Besides, ten known phenolic identified as orsellinic acid, ethyl 4-carboxyorsellinate, psoromic acid isomer, succinprotocetraric acid, siphulellic acid, connorstictic acid, cryptostictic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and gyrophoric acid are noticed for the first time in the Cladonia genus.
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YAMAMOTO S, MURAKAMI Y, HAYASHI S, MIYASAKA H. Production of Paclitaxel in a Plant Cell Culture by<i> In Situ</i> Extraction with Sequential Refreshment of Water-Immiscible 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.15261/serdj.29.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li W, Fan Y, Zhang S, Li J, Zhang L, Wu H. Extraction of rosmarinic acid from Perilla seeds using green protic ionic liquids. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Komaty S, Sauvager A, Bazureau JP, Tomasi S, Paquin L. Efficiency and selectivity of ionic liquids in microwave-assisted extraction of major lichen phenolic compounds: a scalable process with recycling of ionic liquids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:592-600. [PMID: 33150689 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudevernia furfuracea, a lichen used classically for cosmetic applications, contains interesting metabolites possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES Ionic liquid combined to microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) was successfully applied for metabolites extraction from Pseudevernia furfuracea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs): 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulphate [C1 C1 Im][MeSO4 ], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate [C2 C1 Im][EtSO4 ], and N-ethylpyridinium ethylsulphate [C2 Py][EtSO4 ] were assessed for this process. The efficiency of the extraction method was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled to a Camag® spectrophotodensitometer and using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. RESULTS ILs under MAE showed extraction time efficiency (15 min vs. 24 h for conventional heating) and high selectivity in extracting the targeted metabolites: atranorin (AT), methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate (MOC), fumarprotocetraric acid (Fum. Ac.), and physodic acid (Phys. Ac.) despite the increased degradation of AT under MAE. We showed a tunable selectivity of ILs towards extracting metabolites by changing anion or cation due to the modification of the interaction between the IL and the metabolites. While [C2 Py][EtSO4 ] was the most efficient IL and could extract all the targeted metabolites, [C2 C1 Im][EtSO4 ] was the most selective. It fully extracted AT and partially Fum. Ac. Moreover, the lichen prepared by mixing procedure provided AT and Fum. Ac. more than the milled one. A 100 times scale-up extraction was successfully performed on mixed samples with full IL recycling after back extraction. CONCLUSION IL-MAE is reliable for lichen metabolites extraction. The method is reproducible, scalable, with possible IL recycling, opening the door for potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Komaty
- CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sophie Tomasi
- CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Ludovic Paquin
- CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
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Nie L, Toufouki S, Yao S, Guo D. Rethinking the Applications of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Innovative Nano-Sorbents. Front Chem 2021; 9:653238. [PMID: 33898393 PMCID: PMC8062918 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.653238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of green chemistry and nano materials, new alternatives to traditional volatile solvents are one of many important hotspots in the field of nano materials. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as excellent alternative solvents are being applied in the innovation of nano-sorbents, including nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanofluid. ILs and DESs are often used as carriers/modifiers/dispersers of nano-sorbents to enhance the adsorption capacity and selectivity in the extraction procedure. Various extraction technologies, such as solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, micro-solid phase extraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, and magnetic solid-phase extraction, have also been promoted by them to achieve rapid development. This paper focused on the latest development of nano-sorbents based on ILs and DESs. The problems and bottlenecks encountered were analyzed in order to provide meaningful and valuable references for the related research and thus promote further development and application of alternative solvents-assisted nano-sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Nie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Toufouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Das N, Khan T, Subba N, Sen P. Correlating Bromelain's activity with its structure and active-site dynamics and the medium's physical properties in a hydrated deep eutectic solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9337-9346. [PMID: 33885064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as new media of choice for biocatalysis due to their environmentally friendly nature, fine-tunability, and potential biocompatibility. This work deciphers the behaviour of bromelain in a ternary DES composed of acetamide, urea, and sorbitol at mole fractions of 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively (0.5Ac/0.3Ur/0.2Sor), with various degrees of hydration. Bromelain is an essential industrial proteolytic enzyme, and the chosen DES is non-ionic and liquid at room temperature. This provides us with a unique opportunity to contemplate protein behaviour in a non-ionic DES for the very first time. Our results infer that at a low DES concentration (up to 30% V/V DES), bromelain adopts a more compact structural conformation, whereas at higher DES concentrations, it becomes somewhat elongated. The microsecond conformational fluctuation time around the active site of bromelain gradually increases with increasing DES concentration, especially beyond 30% V/V. Interestingly, bromelain retains most of its enzymatic activity in the DES, and at some concentrations, the activity is even higher compared with its native state. Furthermore, we correlate the activity of bromelain with its structure, its active-site dynamics, and the physical properties of the medium. Our results demonstrate that the compact structural conformation and flexibility of the active site of bromelain favour its proteolytic activity. Similarly, a medium with increased polarity and decreased viscosity is favourable for its activity. The presented physical insights into how enzymatic activity depends on the protein structure and dynamics and the physical properties of the medium might provide useful guidelines for the rational design of DESs as biocatalytic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India.
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Calla-Quispe E, Fuentes-Rivera HL, Ramírez P, Martel C, Ibañez AJ. Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E89. [PMID: 32575729 PMCID: PMC7345136 DOI: 10.3390/life10060089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of still little-known chemical compounds, such as soluble compounds that are secreted into the medium and volatile compounds that are chemical mediators over short and long distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently playing a dominant role in mycological studies, mainly due to its inherent sensitivity and rapid identification capabilities of different metabolites. Furthermore, MS has also been used as a reliable and accurate tool for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialized metabolites, their role in ecological interactions and provide an overview on the MS-based techniques used in fungal studies. We particularly present the importance of sampling techniques, strategies to reduce false-positive identification and new MS-based analytical strategies that can be used in mycological studies, further expanding the use of MS in broader applications. Therefore, we foresee a bright future for mass spectrometry-based research in the field of mycology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calla-Quispe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
| | - Hammerly Lino Fuentes-Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Carlos Martel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfredo J. Ibañez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
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