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Hu L, Gao X, Wang H, Song Y, Zhu Y, Tao Z, Yuan B, Hu R. Progress of Polymer Electrolytes Worked in Solid-State Lithium Batteries for Wide-Temperature Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312251. [PMID: 38461521 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-ion batteries have emerged as the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, offering theoretical advantages such as superior safety and higher energy density. However, polymer-based solid-state Li-ion batteries face challenges across wide temperature ranges. The primary issue lies in the fact that most polymer electrolytes exhibit relatively low ionic conductivity at or below room temperature. This sensitivity to temperature variations poses challenges in operating solid-state lithium batteries at sub-zero temperatures. Moreover, elevated working temperatures lead to polymer shrinkage and deformation, ultimately resulting in battery failure. To address this challenge of polymer-based solid-state batteries, this review presents an overview of various promising polymer electrolyte systems. The review provides insights into the temperature-dependent physical and electrochemical properties of polymers, aiming to expand the temperature range of operation. The review also further summarizes modification strategies for polymer electrolytes suited to diverse temperatures. The final section summarizes the performance of various polymer-based solid-state batteries at different temperatures. Valuable insights and potential future research directions for designing wide-temperature polymer electrolytes are presented based on the differences in battery performance. This information is intended to inspire practical applications of wide-temperature polymer-based solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Zhijun Tao
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Renzong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
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2
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Wang L, Huang J, Shen Y, Ma M, Ruan W, Zhang M. ARGET-ATRP-Mediated Grafting of Bifunctional Polymers onto Silica Nanoparticles Fillers for Boosting the Performance of High-Capacity All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Polymer Solid Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1128. [PMID: 38675047 PMCID: PMC11054452 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries, which leads to rapid capacity decay, can be effectively suppressed by solid polymer electrolytes. However, the lithium-ion conductivity of polyethylene oxide-based solid electrolytes is relatively low, resulting in low reversible capacity and poor cycling stability of the batteries. In this study, we employed the activator generated through electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization to graft modify the surface of silica nanoparticles with a bifunctional monomer, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate, which possesses sulfonic acid groups with low dissociation energy for facilitating Li+ migration and transfer, as well as amide groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with polyethylene oxide chains. Subsequently, the modified nanoparticles were blended with polyethylene oxide to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte with low crystallinity and high ion conductivity. The resulting electrolyte demonstrated excellent and stable electrochemical performance, with a discharge-specific capacity maintained at 875.2 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Junyue Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yujian Shen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mengqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenhong Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (M.M.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China
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Lysenkov E, Klepko V, Bulavin L, Lebovka N. Physico-Chemical Properties of Laponite®/Polyethylene-oxide Based Composites. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300166. [PMID: 37387571 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a literature overview as well as the authors' personal account to the studies of Laponite® (Lap)/Polyethylene-oxide (PEO) based composite materials and their applications. These composites can be prepared over a wide range of their mutual concentrations, they are highly water soluble, and have many useful physico-chemical properties. To the readers' convenience, the contents are subdivided into different sections, related with consideration of PEO properties and its solubility in water, behavior of Lap systems(structure of Lap-platelets, properties of aqueous dispersions of Lap and aging effects in them), analyzing ofproperties LAP/PEO systems, Lap platelets-PEO interactions, adsorption mechanisms, aging effects, aggregation and electrokinetic properties. The different applications of Lap/PEO composites are reviewed. These applications include Lap/PEO based electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries, electrospun nanofibers, environmental, biomedical and biotechnology engineering. Both Lap and PEO are highly biocompatible with living systems and they are non-toxic, non-yellowing, and non-inflammable. Medical applications of Lap/PEO composites in bio-sensing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, cell proliferation, and wound dressings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Lysenkov
- Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
| | - Valery Klepko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Bulavin
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nikolai Lebovka
- Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Eslami B, Ghasemi I, Esfandeh M. Using Pegylated Graphene Oxide to Achieve High Performance Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(ethylene oxide)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend (PEO/PVA). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3063. [PMID: 37514452 PMCID: PMC10384879 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as a promising avenue for developing flexible lithium-ion batteries. However, the low ionic conductivity of polymers remains a primary challenge that has been the subject of intensive research efforts in recent years. In this work, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), and graphene functionalized with polyethylene glycol (FGO) have been used to prepare SPE/FGO electrolytes by casting solution technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the reduction of SPE crystals and the increase of amorphous phases. The results demonstrated that the presence of functionalized graphene had an effective role in reducing crystallinity. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical stability of the samples were corroborated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests, respectively. Notably, the samples exhibited adequate ionic conductivity at room temperature, with the highest ionic conductivity of 5.2 × 10-5 S·cm-1 observed for 2%wt of FGO in SPE (SPE/FGO(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Eslami
- Faculty of Processing, Department of Plastic Processing and Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/115, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Ghasemi
- Faculty of Processing, Department of Plastic Processing and Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/115, Iran
| | - Masoud Esfandeh
- Faculty of Processing, Department of Plastic Processing and Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/115, Iran
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Hadjichristov GB. Ion-Conducting Composites of Polymers and Nematic Liquid Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9684-9701. [PMID: 36969472 PMCID: PMC10034833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present mini-review are discussed the findings reported in the last five years on the ion-conducting composites of polymers and molecules of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs), as well as their applications at present and in the future. Nowadays, free-standing and flexible thin films of such organic composite electrolytes synthesized from plastics and nematic soft matter are among the technically important materials and components for use in energy storage and conversion devices and in organic soft electronics, sensorics, and mechatronics. Although the physicochemical mechanisms and effects in the ion-conducting polymer/NLCs composites are well understood, the possibility to find additional ways for improving their electrical conductivity and dielectric and mechanical properties is a challenge. The efforts in this research direction are important for the development of novel ion-conductor materials and further diversification of their applications. This mini-review is focused on the key characteristics of ion-conducting polymer/NLCs composites and the new trends in their fabrication. With relevant examples, the vast research opportunities, some proposed improvements, and the creative ideas associated with these advanced materials and their intelligent use are outlined.
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Sengwa RJ, Patel VK, Saraswat M. Investigation on promising properties of PEO/PVP/LiTFSI solid polymer electrolytes for high-performance energy storage and next-generation flexible optoelectronic and iontronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Siccardi S, Amici J, Colombi S, Carvalho JT, Versaci D, Quartarone E, Pereira L, Bella F, Francia C, Bodoardo S. UV-cured self-healing gel polymer electrolyte toward safer room temperature lithium metal batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Effect of Al2O3 on Nanostructure and Ion Transport Properties of PVA/PEG/SSA Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194029. [PMID: 36235977 PMCID: PMC9573659 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells have the potential to reduce our energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and dependence on fossil fuels. To achieve a wide range of commercial PEMs, many efforts have been made to create novel polymer-based materials that can transport protons under anhydrous conditions. In this study, cross-linked poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) membranes with varying alumina (Al2O3) content were synthesized using the solvent solution method. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and proton conductivity were then used to characterize the membranes. XRD results showed that the concentration of Al2O3 affected the degree of crystallinity of the membranes, with 0.7 wt.% Al2O3 providing the lowest crystallinity. Water uptake was discovered to be dependent not only on the Al2O3 group concentration (SSA content) but also on SSA, which influenced the hole volume size in the membranes. The ionic conductivity measurements provided that the samples were increased by SSA to a high value (0.13 S/m) at 0.7 wt.% Al2O3. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity of polymers devoid of SSA tended to increase as the Al2O3 concentration increased. The positron annihilation lifetimes revealed that as the Al2O3 concentration increased, the hole volume content of the polymer without SSA also increased. However, it was densified with SSA for the membrane. According to the findings of the study, PVA/PEG/SSA/0.7 wt.% Al2O3 might be employed as a PEM with high proton conductivity for fuel cell applications.
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Double-Network Polymer Electrolytes with Ionic Liquids for Lithium Metal Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173435. [PMID: 36080510 PMCID: PMC9460741 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes have become promising candidates for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, they suffer from low ionic conductivities at room temperature. In this work, two types of composite polymer electrolytes based on a double-network polymer, an ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (Pyr14TFSI) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) imide (EmimTFSI), and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium salt (LiTFSI) were prepared by a facile one-pot method. The two types of CPEs possess good mechanical properties, excellent thermal stability, and high ionic conductivities greater than 10−4 S cm−1 at 20 °C with 26 wt% IL. The performance diversity of the CPEs was also carefully investigated through a series of electrochemical measurements. Although the CPEs containing EmimTFSI show higher ionic conductivities than those of CPEs with Pyr14TFSI, the latter ones have wider electrochemical stability windows and better resistance to the growth of lithium dendrites. Moreover, CPE with 34 wt% Pyr14TFSI leads to Li/LiFePO4 batteries with favorable rate capability and cycling stability and a columbic efficiency of 98.8% at 20 °C, which suggests that CPEs are promising for practical application in solid-state LMBs.
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Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ju Z, Li Y, Mitlin D, Yu G. Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203409. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
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11
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Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ju Z, Li Y, Mitlin D, Yu G. Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
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12
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Barbosa J, Gonçalves R, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Toward Sustainable Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14457-14464. [PMID: 35572743 PMCID: PMC9089680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used energy storage system because of their high energy density and power, robustness, and reversibility, but they typically include an electrolyte solution composed of flammable organic solvents, leading to safety risks and reliability concerns for high-energy-density batteries. A step forward in Li-ion technology is the development of solid-state batteries suitable in terms of energy density and safety for the next generation of smart, safe, and high-performance batteries. Solid-state batteries can be developed on the basis of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that may rely on natural polymers in order to replace synthetic ones, thereby taking into account environmental concerns. This work provides a perspective on current state-of-the-art sustainable SPEs for lithium-ion batteries. The recent developments are presented with a focus on natural polymers and their relevant properties in the context of battery applications. In addition, the ionic conductivity values and battery performance of natural polymer-based SPEs are reported, and it is shown that sustainable SPEs can become essential components of a next generation of high-performance solid-state batteries synergistically focused on performance, sustainability, and circular economy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João
C. Barbosa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Orue Mendizabal A, Gomez N, Aguesse F, López-Aranguren P. Designing Spinel Li 4Ti 5O 12 Electrode as Anode Material for Poly(ethylene)oxide-Based Solid-State Batteries. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051213. [PMID: 33806667 PMCID: PMC7961904 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of a promising Li metal solid-state battery (SSB) is currently hindered by the instability of Li metal during electrodeposition; which is the main cause of dendrite growth and cell failure at elevated currents. The replacement of Li metal anode by spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) in SSBs would avoid such problems, endowing the battery with its excellent features such as long cycling performance, high safety and easy fabrication. In the present work, we provide an evaluation of the electrochemical properties of poly(ethylene)oxide (PEO)-based solid-state batteries using LTO as the active material. Electrode laminates have been developed and optimized using electronic conductive additives with different morphologies such as carbon black and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was assessed on half-cells using a PEO-based solid electrolyte and a lithium metal anode. The optimized electrodes displayed an enhanced capability rate, delivering 150 mAh g−1 at C/2, and a stable lifespan over 140 cycles at C/20 with a capacity retention of 83%. Moreover, postmortem characterization did not evidence any morphological degradation of the components after ageing, highlighting the long-cycling feature of the LTO electrodes. The present results bring out the opportunity to build high-performance solid-state batteries using LTO as anode material.
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