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Serafin J, Dziejarski B. Activated carbons-preparation, characterization and their application in CO 2 capture: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40008-40062. [PMID: 37326723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest research trends in terms of the preparation, and characteristics of activated carbons regarding CO2 adsorption applications, with a special focus on future investigation paths. The reported current research trends are primarily closely related to the synthesis conditions (carbonization and physical or chemical activation process), to develop the microporosity and surface area, which are the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of adsorption. Furthermore, we emphasized the importance of regeneration techniques as a factor determining the actual technological and economic suitability of a given material for CO2 capture application. Consequently, this work provides a summary and potential directions for the development of activated carbons (AC). We attempt to create a thorough theoretical foundation for activated carbons while also focusing on identifying and specific statements of the most relevant ongoing research scope that might be advantageous to progress and pursue in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bartosz Dziejarski
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Fischer T, Kretzschmar A, Selmert V, Jovanovic S, Kungl H, Tempel H, Eichel RA. Post-treatment strategies for pyrophoric KOH-activated carbon nanofibres. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3845-3856. [PMID: 38274173 PMCID: PMC10810230 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of two atmospheric post-treatment conditions directly after the KOH activation of polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibres is studied in this work. As post-treatment different N2 : O2 flow conditions, namely high O2-flow and low O2-flow, are applied and their impact on occurring reactions and carbon nanofibres' properties is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis and CO2 and Ar gas adsorption. At high O2-flow conditions a pyrophoric effect was observed on the KOH-activated carbon nanofibers. Based on the obtained results from the TGA and DSC the pyrophoric effect is attributed to the oxidation reactions of metallic potassium formed during the KOH activation process and a consequent carbon combustion reaction. Suppression of this pyrophoric effect is achieved using the low O2-flow conditions due to a lower heat formation of the potassium oxidation and the absence of carbon combustion. Compared to the high O2-flow samples no partial destruction of the carbon nanofibers is observed in the SEM images. The determination of the adsorption isotherms, the surface area, the pore size distribution and the isosteric enthalpies of adsorption show the superior properties under low O2-flow conditions. The present micropore volume is increased from 0.424 cm3 g-1 at high O2-flow to 0.806 cm3 g-1 for low O2-flow samples, resulting in an increase of CO2 adsorption capacity of 38% up to 6.6 mmol g-1 at 1 bar. This significant improvement clearly points out the importance of considering highly exothermic potassium oxidation reactions and possible post-treatment strategies when applying KOH activation to electrospun carbon nanofiber materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Fischer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry Aachen 52056 Germany
| | - Ansgar Kretzschmar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Victor Selmert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry Aachen 52056 Germany
| | - Sven Jovanovic
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9) - Fundamental Electrochemistry Jülich 52425 Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry Aachen 52056 Germany
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Pérez-Huertas S, Calero M, Ligero A, Pérez A, Terpiłowski K, Martín-Lara MA. On the use of plastic precursors for preparation of activated carbons and their evaluation in CO 2 capture for biogas upgrading: a review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:116-141. [PMID: 36878040 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In circular economy, useful plastic materials are kept in circulation as opposed to being landfilled, incinerated, or leaked into the natural environment. Pyrolysis is a chemical recycling technique useful for unrecyclable plastic wastes that produce gas, liquid (oil), and solid (char) products. Although the pyrolysis technique has been extensively studied and there are several installations applying it on the industrial scale, no commercial applications for the solid product have been found yet. In this scenario, the use of plastic-based char for the biogas upgrading may be a sustainable way to transform the solid product of pyrolysis into a particularly beneficial material. This paper reviews the preparation and main parameters of the processes affecting the final textural properties of the plastic-based activated carbons. Moreover, the application of those materials for the CO2 capture in the processes of biogas upgrading is largely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pérez-Huertas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - M Calero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Ligero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - K Terpiłowski
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, M. Curie Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - M A Martín-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Song P, Li C, Zhao N, Ji Z, Zhai L, Shen X, Liu Q. Molten salt-confined pyrolysis towards heteroatom-doped porous carbon nanosheets for high-energy-density Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:362-373. [PMID: 36459941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanosheets with heteroatom doping and well-developed porosity exhibit broad application foreground for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs), but the simple and controllable preparation is still of great challenge. In this study, by using LiCl-KCl as in-built templates, histidine as carbon and nitrogen sources, and KNO3, K2SO4, KOH or Na2S2O3 as active agent, a series of N and NS doped porous carbon nanosheets are developed. Results indicate that, with the activator introduction, pore structures of the carbonized products are notably boosted, showing an astounding 30-244 % increase in BET specific surface area, and meanwhile, heteroatom with a content of ca. 12 % can be doped into the resultant carbon skeletons. Specifically, the NSPCN-800 (activated by Na2S2O3) with a large specific surface area of 1297 m2/g, a hierarchically porous structure composed of abundant micropores and mesopores, and a suitable heteroatom content (N: 11.9 wt%; S: 0.6 wt%) presents an impressive energy storage behavior as cathode for ZHSCs, including a specific capacitance of 165.8F/g, a specific capacity of 95.2 mAh/g, an energy density of 59.0 Wh kg-1 and a cyclic stability with a 82.6 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles. These performance parameters surpass numerous reported ZHSCs, making NSPCN-800 a very promising cathode for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Congcong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Ningmiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Linzhi Zhai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
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Rong Q, Yuwen C, Liu P, Cheng F, Xia S. Discarded COVID-19 masks-derived-doped porous carbon for lithium-sulfur batteries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 46:ER8733. [PMID: 36245693 PMCID: PMC9538013 DOI: 10.1002/er.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high theoretical capacity and energy density of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, the development of Li-S batteries has been slow due to the poor electrical conductivity and the shuttle effect of the electrode materials, resulting in low sulfur utilization and fast long-term cycling capacity decay. The modified carbon materials are often used as sulfur hosts to significantly improve the cycling performance of the materials, but also bring high-cost issues. Here, the porous carbon materials are synthesized quickly and conveniently by the microwave cross-linking method using discarded medical masks as carbon sources and concentrated sulfuric acid as solvent. However, poor surface and structural properties limit the application of materials. The porous carbon material is modified with p-toluene disulfide and urea as the sulfur and nitrogen sources by the microwave cross-linking method, which not only improves the porosity and specific surface area of the porous carbon material, but also improved the electrical conductivity and interlayer spacing of the material. As synthesized SN-doped porous carbon is employed as the sulfur host, which exhibits a high discharge capacity (1349.3 mAh g-1) at 0.1°C, the S-porous C/S, N-porous C/S, and SN-porous C/S can maintain 78.1, 43.9, and 59.5% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. The results indicate that the doping of S and N atoms provides sufficient active sites for the chemisorbed lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to improve the reaction kinetics of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Rong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Chao Yuwen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Shubiao Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
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Dang YX, Hu B, Tan P, Liu XQ, Sun LB. Zero-Energy-Consumption Temperature Swing System for Ethane Adsorption and Release. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cui H, Xu J, Shi J, Yan N, Zhang C, You S. N, S co-doped carbon spheres synthesized from glucose and thiourea as efficient CO2 adsorbents. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kwon DI, Numan M, Kim J, Yilmaz M, Park SE, Ihee H, Jo C. Tailoring the CO2 selective adsorption properties of MOR zeolites by post functionalization. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang Q, Yan B, Feng L, Zheng J, You B, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang C, Jiang S, He S. Progress in the use of organic potassium salts for the synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials: microstructure engineering for advanced supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8216-8244. [PMID: 35665796 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon nanomaterials (PCNs) are widely applied in energy storage devices. Traditionally, PCNs were mainly synthesized by activation and templating methods, which are time-consuming, tedious, corrosive and relatively high cost. Therefore, the development of easier and greener methods to produce PCNs is of great significance. Recently, organic potassium salts (OPSs) emerged as versatile reagents for synthesizing PCNs. The OPS-based synthesis of PCNs can avoid the use of large amounts of corrosive chemical agents. Potassium carbonate generated in situ from the decomposition of OPSs could serve as both a green activation agent and a water-removable template to produce nanopores. Potassium oxide and potassium formed at higher temperature could generate additional porosity, contributing to a highly porous architecture. The carbon-rich organic moiety could function as a carbon precursor and chemical blowing agent. This review aims to elucidate the multifunctionality of OPSs in the synthesis of PCNs and the capacitive performance of the corresponding PCNs. To this end, recent progress on the capacitive performance of PCNs synthesized from OPSs is summarized. This review provides constructive viewpoints for the cost-effective and green synthesis of PCNs with the aid of OPSs for application in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jiayun Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Carbon Dioxide Capture through Physical and Chemical Adsorption Using Porous Carbon Materials: A Review. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to rapid industrialization and urban development across the globe, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been significantly increased, resulting in adverse effects on the climate and ecosystems. In this regard, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be a promising technology in reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Among the CO2 capture technologies, adsorption has grabbed significant attention owing to its advantageous characteristics discovered in recent years. Porous carbon-based materials have emerged as one of the most versatile CO2 adsorbents. Numerous research activities have been conducted by synthesizing carbon-based adsorbents using different precursors to investigate their performances towards CCS. Additionally, amine-functionalized carbon-based adsorbents have exhibited remarkable potential for selective capturing of CO2 in the presence of other gases and humidity conditions. The present review describes the CO2 emission sources, health, and environmental impacts of CO2 towards the human beings, options for CCS, and different CO2 separation technologies. Apart from the above, different synthesis routes of carbon-based adsorbents using various precursors have been elucidated. The CO2 adsorption selectivity, capacity, and reusability of the current and applied carbon materials have also been summarized. Furthermore, the critical factors controlling the adsorption performance (e.g., the effect of textural and functional properties) are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions have also been summarized.
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Liu M, Yang X, Wu X, Wang X, Li Y, Ma F, Zhou J. Understanding the pore-structure dependence of supercapacitive performance for microporous carbon in aqueous KOH and H2SO4 electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Xu G, Li G. Pyrolysis of penicillin fermentation residue and sludge to produce biochar: Antibiotic resistance genes destruction and biochar application in the adsorption of penicillin in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125385. [PMID: 33611034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A process of antibiotic fermentation residue and sludge pyrolysis to produce biochar was proposed, with antibiotic resistance genes destruction and biochar application in the adsorption of penicillin in water. The results showed that the β-lactam resistance genes were completely destroyed during pyrolysis. The prepared biochar from antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRB) and sludge (AFSB) at 800 °C and 600 °C had a good adsorption effect on the low concentration penicillin in water, with removal efficiencies of 93.32% and 98.50% for penicillin in aqueous solution and maximum adsorption capacities of 44.05 mg/g and 23.26 mg/g, respectively. Characterization of AFRB revealed that its surface was predominantly aromatic carbon, AFSB contained significant amounts of Fe3O4. Weak interactions (H‧‧‧π, H‧‧‧O˭C, π-π interactions) and active sites (aromatic ring, H and -C˭O groups) of penicillin with aromatic structures on AFRB and the chemisorption (-C˭O-Fe-, -C˭OO-Fe-), and active sites (-C˭O, -COO- groups) of penicillin on the (110) surface of Fe3O4 on AFSB were revealed by quantum chemical methods. This work provides a novel pathway for the risk reduction of antibiotic production residue and sludge associated with the generation of biochar for antibiotic removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China.
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Preparation and Electrical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Based Porous Carbon by Different Activation Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123499. [PMID: 34201358 PMCID: PMC8226616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based porous carbon was prepared by different methods of activation with PAN polymer microsphere as precursor. The morphology, structure and electrical properties for supercapacitor of the porous carbon were investigated. It was found that the morphology of PAN nanospheres tended to be destroyed in the process of one-step activation (activation and carbonization were carried out simultaneously, and could only be retained when the amount of activating agent KOH was small). While the spherical morphology could be well reserved during the two-step activation method (carbonization and activation sequentially). The specific surface area and pore volume increased first and then decreased, with the increase in activation holding time for both one-step and two-step activation methods. The specific surface area reached the maximum value with 2430 m2 g−1 for the one-step activation method and 2830 m2 g−1 for the two-step activation method. Additionally, their mass-specific capacitances were 178.8 F g−1 and 160.2 F g−1, respectively, under the current density of 1 A g−1. After 2000 cycles, the specific capacitance retentions were 92.9% and 91.3%.
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Nandi S, Singh HD, Chakraborty D, Maity R, Vaidhyanathan R. Deciphering the Weak CO 2···Framework Interactions in Microporous MOFs Functionalized with Strong Adsorption Sites-A Ubiquitous Observation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24976-24983. [PMID: 34014632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture from industrial effluents such as flue gas or natural gas mixture (cf. landfill gas), the primary sources of CO2 emission, greatly aids in balancing the environmental carbon cycle. In this context, the most energy-efficient physisorptive CO2 separation process can benefit immensely from improved porous sorbents. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), especially the ultramicroporous MOFs, built from readily available small and rigid ligands, are highly promising because of their high selectivity (CO2/N2) and easy scalability. Here, we report two new ultramicroporous Co-adeninato isophthalate MOFs. They concomitantly carry basic functional groups (-NH2) and Lewis acidic sites (coordinatively unsaturated Co centers). They show good CO2 capacity (3.3 mmol/g at 303 K and 1 bar) along with high CO2/N2 (∼600 at 313 K and 1 bar and ∼340 at 303 K and 1 bar) selectivity, working capacity, and smooth diffusion kinetics (Dc = 7.5 × 10-9 m2 s-1). The MOFs exhibit good CO2/N2 kinetic separation under both dry and wet conditions with a smooth breakthrough profile. Despite their well-defined CO2 adsorption sites, these MOFs exhibit only a moderately strong interaction with CO2 as evidenced from their HOA values. This counterintuitive observation is ubiquitous among many MOFs adorned with strong CO2 adsorption sites. To gain insights, we have identified the binding sites for CO2 using simulation and MD studies. The radial distribution function analysis reveals that despite the amine and bare-metal sites, the pore size and the pore structure determine the positions for the CO2 molecules. The most favorable sites become the confined spaces lined by aromatic rings. A plausible explanation for the lack of strong adsorption in these MOFs is premised from these collective studies, which could aid in the future design of superior CO2 sorbents.
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Isosteric Enthalpy Behavior of CO2 Adsorption on Micro-Mesoporous Materials: Carbon Microfibers (CMFs), SBA-15, and Amine-Functionalized SBA-15. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The isosteric enthalpy of adsorption (Δadsh˙) of CO2 in three different micro and mesoporous materials was evaluated in this work. These materials were a microporous material with functional groups of nitrogen and oxygen (CMFs, carbon microfibers), a mesoporous material with silanol groups (SBA-15, Santa Barbara Amorphous), and a mesoporous material with amine groups (SBA-15_APTES, SBA-15 amine-functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane). The temperature interval explored was between 263 K and 303 K, with a separation of 5 K between each one, so a total of nine CO2 isotherms were obtained. Using the nine isotherms and the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, the reference value for Δadsh˙ was found. The reference value was compared with those Δadsh˙ obtained, considering some arrangement of three or five CO2 isotherms. Finally, it was found that at 298 K and 1 bar, the total amount of CO2 adsorbed is 2.32, 0.53, and 1.37 mmol g−1 for CMF, SBA-15, and SBA-15_APTES, respectively. However, at a coverage of 0.38 mmol g−1, Δadsh˙ is worth 38, 30, and 29 KJ mol−1 for SBA-15_APTES, CMFs, and SBA-15, respectively. So, physisorption predominates in the case of CMF and SBA-15 materials, and the Δadsh˙ values significantly coincide regardless of whether the isotherms arrangement used was three or five. Meanwhile, in SBA-15_APTES, chemisorption predominates as a consequence of the arrangements used to obtain Δadsh˙. This happens in such a way that the use of low temperatures (263–283 K) tends to produce higher Δadsh˙ values, while the use of high temperatures (283–303 K) decreases the Δadsh˙ values.
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