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Chiu TH, Wu SY, Yang YC, Yan CJ, Yeh YC. Fabrication of Luminescent Triple-Cross-Linked Gelatin/Alginate Hydrogels through Freezing-Drying-Swelling and Freezing-Thawing Processes. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39145523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-containing luminescent hydrogels have shown potential for sensing and imaging applications. Nonetheless, integrating lanthanide ions or complexes into the polymer matrix often results in the poor stability and mechanical strength of the hydrogels. This work presents an innovative approach to fabricating luminescent hydrogels with three dynamic cross-links: imine bond, boronate ester bond, and metal-ligand coordination. Europium(III) (Eu3+) ions are incorporated into a dual-cross-linked matrix composed of phenylboronic acid-polyethylenimine-modified gelatin (PPG) and alginate dialdehyde (ADA) through a combined treatment involving freeze-drying-swelling (FDS) and freeze-thawing (FT) processes. The FDS process facilitates the formation of additional europium-carboxylate cross-links within the polymeric network to enhance its luminescence and stability, while the FT process strengthens the network physically. The impact of the FDS-FT cycle number on the microstructures and properties of PPG/ADA-Eu3+ hydrogels is thoroughly investigated, and their potential for monitoring bacterial growth and detecting copper(II) ions is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Chiu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jie Yan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Chen L, Xie Y, Chen X, Li H, Lu Y, Yu H, Zheng D. O-carboxymethyl chitosan in biomedicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133465. [PMID: 38945322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) is a chitosan derivative produced through the substitution of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups in glucosamine units with carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) substituents, effectively addressing the inherent solubility issues of chitosan in aqueous solutions. O-CMC has garnered significant interest due to its enhanced solubility, elevated viscosity, minimal toxicity, and advantageous biocompatibility properties. Furthermore, O-CMC demonstrates antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant characteristics, rendering it a promising candidate for various biomedical uses such as wound healing, tissue engineering, anti-tumor therapies, biosensors, and bioimaging. Additionally, O-CMC is well-suited for the fabrication of nanoparticles, hydrogels, films, microcapsules, and tablets, offering opportunities for effective drug delivery systems. This review outlines the distinctive features of O-CMC, offers analyses of advancements and future potential based on current research, examines significant obstacles for clinical implementation, and foresees its ongoing significant impacts in the realm of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yandi Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Mahmoudi C, Tahraoui Douma N, Mahmoudi H, Iurciuc (Tincu) CE, Popa M. Hydrogels Based on Proteins Cross-Linked with Carbonyl Derivatives of Polysaccharides, with Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7839. [PMID: 39063081 PMCID: PMC11277554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adding carbonyl groups into the hydrogel matrix improves the stability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels, making them suitable for different biomedical applications. In this review article, we will discuss the use of hydrogels based on polysaccharides modified by oxidation, with particular attention paid to the introduction of carbonyl groups. These hydrogels have been developed for several applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. The review article discusses the mechanism by which oxidized polysaccharides can introduce carbonyl groups, leading to the development of hydrogels through cross-linking with proteins. These hydrogels have tunable mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility. Hydrogels have dynamic properties that make them promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications. This paper comprehensively analyzes hydrogels based on cross-linked proteins with carbonyl groups derived from oxidized polysaccharides, including microparticles, nanoparticles, and films. The applications of these hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef 02000, Algeria
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Naïma Tahraoui Douma
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef 02000, Algeria
| | - Hacene Mahmoudi
- National Higher School of Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Camelia Elena Iurciuc (Tincu)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Chiang PY, Zeng PH, Yeh YC. Luminescent lanthanide-containing gelatin/polydextran/laponite nanocomposite double-network hydrogels for processing and sensing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129359. [PMID: 38242388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-containing nanomaterials have gained significant popularity for their utilization in polymeric networks, enabling the creation of luminescent nanocomposites for advanced applications. In this study, we developed a new type of lanthanide-containing nanocomposite hydrogels by incorporating terbium-containing laponite (Tb3+@Lap) into the networks of polyethyleneimine-modified gelatin/polydextran aldehyde (PG/PDA) through dynamic bonds. The structures and properties of the Tb3+@Lap-containing nanocomposite double-network (ncDN) hydrogels were comprehensively investigated in comparison with the DN hydrogels with a pure polymeric network and the Lap-containing ncDN hydrogels. The PG/PDA/Tb3+@Lap ncDN hydrogels with multiple dynamic bonds (i.e., imine bonds, coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions) exhibited remarkable characteristics of shear-thinning and self-healing, making them suitable for the construction of hydrogel scaffolds on a macroscale using fabrication techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. Moreover, the PG/PDA/Tb3+@Lap ncDN hydrogels have been demonstrated to act as sensitive and selective luminescent sensors for detecting copper ions. Taken together, a versatile lanthanide-containing ncDN hydrogel platform capable of dynamic features is developed for processing and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Han Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Oxidized sodium alginate cross-linked calcium alginate/antarctic krill protein composite fiber for improving strength and water resistance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Gosecka M, Gosecki M, Urbaniak M. Composite Dynamic Hydrogels Constructed on Boronic Ester Cross-Links with NIR-Enhanced Diffusivity. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:948-959. [PMID: 34986638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic hydrogels with thermosensitive cross-links are highly promising platforms for "on-demand" drug delivery systems. However, there is a problem with triggering a response in their whole volume, which reduces their efficiency. To achieve better thermoresponsiveness, a graphene oxide-filled composite hydrogel based on boronic ester cross-links, composed of hyperbranched polyglycidol, HbPGL, and poly(acrylamide-ran-2-acrylamidephenylboronic acid), poly(AM-ran-2-AAPBA), has been constructed. The homogeneous embedment of graphene oxide (GO) in the network assured near-infrared (NIR)-photothermal response in its bulk due to the rapid light-to-heat conversion. The rate and amplitude of materials response increase with graphene oxide concentration. The temperature of the hydrogel containing graphene oxide at a concentration of 13.2 mg/mL increased from 36.6 to 41 °C in 29 s upon NIR irradiation. The network diffusivity and the extent of its change with temperature can be regulated by the length of the applied boronic acid-based cross-linking agent. The hydrogel constructed on the shorter copolymer (Mn = 23 000 g/mol) displayed a significant increase in diffusivity with temperature. A diffusion ordered NMR study revealed that the diffusion coefficient determined for niacin, a model drug encapsulated in the hydrogel, increased from 6.09 × 10-10 at 25 °C to 1.28 × 10-9 m2/s at 41 °C. In the case of the hydrogel constructed on the longer acrylamide copolymer (Mn = 43 000 g/mol), in which physical entanglements stabilize the network, the change of encapsulated niacin diffusion coefficient was significantly smaller, i.e., from 3.83 × 10-10 at 25 °C to 6.63 × 10-10 m2/s at 41 °C. The possibility of on-demand NIR-regulated diffusivity of the reported boronic ester-based hydrogels makes them promising candidates for controlled drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gosecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gosecki
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbaniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Anisiei A, Rosca I, Sandu AI, Bele A, Cheng X, Marin L. Imination of Microporous Chitosan Fibers-A Route to Biomaterials with "On Demand" Antimicrobial Activity and Biodegradation for Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010117. [PMID: 35057012 PMCID: PMC8777909 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microporous chitosan nanofibers functionalized with different amounts of an antimicrobial agent via imine linkage were prepared by a three-step procedure including the electrospinning of a chitosan/PEO blend, PEO removal and acid condensation reaction in a heterogeneous system with 2-formylphenylboronic acid. The fibers’ characterization was undertaken keeping in mind their application to wound healing. Thus, by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, it was confirmed the successful imination of the fibers and the conversion degree of the amine groups of chitosan into imine units. The fiber morphology in terms of fiber diameter, crystallinity, inter- and intra-fiber porosity and strength of intermolecular forces was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, polarized light microscopy, water vapor sorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The swelling ability was estimated in water and phosphate buffer by calculating the mass equilibrium swelling. The fiber biodegradation was explored in five media of different pH, corresponding to different stages of wound healing and the antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic pathogens inflicting wound infection was investigated according to standard tests. The biocompatibility and bioadhesivity were studied on normal human dermal fibroblast cells by direct contact procedure. The dynamic character of the imine linkage of the functionalized fibers was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the functionalization of the chitosan microporous nanofibers with antimicrobial agents via imine linkage is a great route towards bio-absorbable wound dressings with “on demand” antimicrobial properties and biodegradation rate matching the healing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Anisiei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.); (I.R.); (A.-I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Irina Rosca
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.); (I.R.); (A.-I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreea-Isabela Sandu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.); (I.R.); (A.-I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Adrian Bele
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.); (I.R.); (A.-I.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Luminita Marin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.); (I.R.); (A.-I.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Preparation of biodegradable, and pH-sensitive poly(azomethine)-chitosan hydrogels for potential application of 5-fluoro uracil delivery. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Yu R, Petit E, Barboiu M, Li S, Sun W, Chen C. Biobased dynamic hydrogels by reversible imine bonding for controlled release of thymopentin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112210. [PMID: 34225862 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thymopentin (TP5) is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, but the short in vivo half-life of TP5 strongly restricts its clinical applications. A series of blank and TP5 loaded hydrogels were synthesized via reversible dual imine bonding by mixing water soluble O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) with a dynamer (Dy) prepared from Jeffamine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde. TP5 release from hydrogels was studied at 37 °C under in vitro conditions. The molar mass of CMCS, drug loading conditions and drug content were varied to elucidate their effects on hydrogel properties and drug release behaviors. Density functional theory was applied to theoretically confirm the chemical connections between TP5 or CMCS with Dy. All hydrogels exhibited interpenetrating porous architecture with average pore size from 59 to 83 μm, and pH-sensitive swelling up to 10,000% at pH 8. TP5 encapsulation affected the rheological properties of hydrogels as TP5 was partially attached to the network via imine bonding. Higher TP5 loading led to higher release rates. Faster release was observed at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4 due to lower stability of imine bonds in acidic media. Fitting of release data using Higuchi model showed that initial TP5 release was essentially diffusion controlled. All these findings proved that the dynamic hydrogels are promising carriers for controlled delivery of hydrophilic drugs, and shed new light on the design of drug release systems by both physical mixing and reversible covalent bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Suming Li
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
| | - Congmei Chen
- National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen (Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Cui H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Barboiu M, Zhang Y, Chen J. Double-Network Heparin Dynamic Hydrogels: Dynagels as Anti-bacterial 3D Cell Culture Scaffolds. Chemistry 2021; 27:7080-7084. [PMID: 33769604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Double cross-linked dynamic hydrogels, dynagels, have been prepared through reversible imine bonds and supramolecular interactions, which showed good pH responsiveness, injectability, self-healing property and biocompatibility. With the further encapsulation of heparin, the obtained hydrogels exhibited good anti-bacterial activity and promotion effects for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Marin L, Popa M, Anisiei A, Irimiciuc SA, Agop M, Petrescu TC, Vasincu D, Himiniuc L. A Theoretical Model for Release Dynamics of an Antifungal Agent Covalently Bonded to the Chitosan. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072089. [PMID: 33917359 PMCID: PMC8038756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to create a mathematical model useful for monitoring the release of bioactive aldehydes covalently bonded to the chitosan by reversible imine linkage, considered as a polymer-drug system. For this purpose, two hydrogels were prepared by the acid condensation reaction of chitosan with the antifungal 2-formyl-phenyl-boronic acid and their particularities; influencing the release of the antifungal aldehyde by shifting the imination equilibrium to the reagents was considered, i.e., the supramolecular nature of the hydrogels was highlighted by polarized light microscopy, while scanning electron microscopy showed their microporous morphology. Furthermore, the in vitro fungicidal activity was investigated on two fungal strains and the in vitro release curves of the antifungal aldehyde triggered by the pH stimulus were drawn. The theoretical model was developed starting from the hypothesis that the imine-chitosan system, both structurally and functionally, can be assimilated, from a mathematical point of view, with a multifractal object, and its dynamics were analyzed in the framework of the Scale Relativity Theory. Thus, through Riccati-type gauges, two synchronous dynamics, one in the scale space, associated with the fungicidal activity, and the other in the usual space, associated with the antifungal aldehyde release, become operational. Their synchronicity, reducible to the isomorphism of two SL(2R)-type groups, implies, by means of its joint invariant functions, bioactive aldehyde compound release dynamics in the form of "kink-antikink pairs" dynamics of a multifractal type. Finally, the theoretical model was validated through the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Marin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Street, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Anisiei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Street, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefan-Andrei Irimiciuc
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.-A.I.); (M.A.)
| | - Maricel Agop
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Physics, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.-A.I.); (M.A.)
| | - Tudor-Cristian Petrescu
- Department of Structural Mechanics, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Decebal Vasincu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Loredana Himiniuc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Ciou JM, Zhu HF, Chang CW, Chen JY, Lin YF. Physical organic studies and dynamic covalent chemistry of picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40421-40427. [PMID: 35520848 PMCID: PMC9057465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic covalent system of the picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals has been studied. The aminals are characterized as a metastable species and easily switch to other forms via external stimuli. The solvent, temperature, acid-base and substituent effects have been examined to evaluate the dynamic covalent system. The results reveal that a more polar solvent, a lower temperature, basic conditions and an electron-withdrawing moiety contribute to the stabilities of aminals. The existence of the n → π* interaction between acetonitrile and the C[double bond, length as m-dash]N moiety makes the N-pyrimidyl imine (4c and 4d) yield higher in CD3CN. In a similar fashion, all aminals tend to convert to the corresponding hemiaminal ethers in a methanol environment. According to these findings, we successfully synthesized the following species: (a) N-2-picolylpyrimidin-2-amine 6c obtained by reduction using acetonitrile as the specific solvent; (b) a picolyl aromatic amino aminal 3e prepared from 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and the electron withdrawing 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Ciou
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Hong-Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yun Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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