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Palion-Gazda J, Kwiecień A, Choroba K, Penkala M, Kryczka A, Machura B. The Role of Intraligand Charge Transfer Processes in Iridium(III) Complexes with Morpholine-Decorated 4'-Phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. Molecules 2024; 29:3074. [PMID: 38999026 PMCID: PMC11243112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of the electron-donating morpholinyl (morph) group on the ground- and excited-state properties of two different types of Ir(III) complexes, [IrCl3(R-C6H4-terpy-κ3N)] and [Ir(R-C6H4-terpy-κ3N)2](PF6)3, the compounds [IrCl3(morph-C6H4-terpy-κ3N)] (1A), 4[Ir(morph-C6H4-terpy-κ3N)2](PF6)3 (2A), [IrCl3(Ph-terpy-κ3N)] (1B) and [Ir(Ph-terpy-κ3N)2](PF6)3 (2B) were obtained. Their photophysical properties were comprehensively investigated with the aid of static and time-resolved spectroscopic methods accompanied by theoretical DFT/TD-DFT calculations. In the case of bis-terpyridyl iridium(III) complexes, the attachment of the morpholinyl group induced dramatic changes in the absorption and emission characteristics, manifested by the appearance of a new, very strong visible absorption tailing up to 600 nm, and a significant bathochromic shift in the emission of 2A relative to the model chromophore. The emission features of 2A and 2B were found to originate from the triplet excited states of different natures: intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) for 2A and intraligand with a small admixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3IL-3MLCT) for 2B. The optical properties of the mono-terpyridyl iridium(III) complexes were less significantly impacted by the morpholinyl substituent. Based on UV-Vis absorption spectra, emission wavelengths and lifetimes in different environments, transient absorption studies, and theoretical calculations, it was demonstrated that the visible absorption and emission features of 1A are governed by singlet and triplet excited states of a mixed MLLCT-ILCT nature, with a dominant contribution of the first component, that is, metal-ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (MLLCT). The involvement of ILCT transitions was reflected by an enhancement of the molar extinction coefficients of the absorption bands of 1A in the range of 350-550 nm, and a small red shift in its emission relative to the model chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kwiecień
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Choroba
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Kryczka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Fajardo DA, Arteaga D, Ellena J, Santiago PHO, D'Vries RF, Lenis LA. Synthesis, characterization and structural analysis of complexes from 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine derivatives with transition metals. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:200-211. [PMID: 38752713 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624004224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of three families of coordination complexes synthesized from 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (8, Ph-TPY), 4'-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (9, ClPh-TPY) and 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (10, MeOPh-TPY) ligands with the divalent metals Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ are reported. The compounds were synthesized from a 1:2 mixture of the metal and ligand, resulting in a series of complexes with the general formula [M(R-TPY)2](ClO4)2 (where M = Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+, and R-TPY = Ph-TPY, ClPh-TPY and MeOPh-TPY). The general formula and structural and supramolecular features were determinated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)nickel(II) bis(perchlorate), [Ni(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Ni(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2, bis[4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C22H17N3O)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(MeOPh-TPY)2](ClO4)2, and bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2. In all three cases, the complexes present distorted octahedral coordination polyhedra and the crystal packing is determined mainly by weak C-H...π interactions. All the compounds (except for the Ni derivatives, for which FT-IR, UV-Vis and thermal analysis are reported) were fully characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy) and thermal (TGA-DSC, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Fajardo
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Productos Naturales (QPN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 19003, Colombia
| | - Danny Arteaga
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Productos Naturales (QPN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 19003, Colombia
| | - Javier Ellena
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro H O Santiago
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard F D'Vries
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Productos Naturales (QPN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 19003, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Lenis
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Productos Naturales (QPN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 19003, Colombia
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A New Unnatural Amino Acid Derived from the Modification of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and Its Mixed-Ligand Complexes with Ruthenium: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of the methyl group of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine produced the novel unnatural amino acid 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid (phet). Mononuclear heteroleptic ruthenium complexes of the general formulae [Ru(L1)(L2)](PF6)2 (L1 = 2-acetylamino-2-(4-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine-4′-yl-benzyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester, (phem), 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid, (phet), and L2 = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (tpy), 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (ptpy), 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (mptpy)), as well as the homoleptic [Ru(phem)2](PF6)2 and [Ru(phet)2](PF6)2, were synthesized and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the synthesized complexes were also studied.
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Exploration of supramolecular and theoretical aspects of two new Cu(II) complexes: On the importance of lone pair···π(chelate ring) and π···π(chelate ring) interactions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Copolymers of Acrylic Acid and Maleic Anhydride Derivatives with Terpyridine Motifs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142857. [PMID: 35890633 PMCID: PMC9323152 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A kind of terpyridine derivative (NH2-Tpy) in which the amino was incorporated by a short alkyl chain was synthesized. Through grafting of terpyridine units into the hydrophilic copolymers of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid PAAMa via the reaction of the amino groups in NH2-Tpy and the maleic anhydride units, a series of gelator polymers—P1, P2, and P3—containing different contents of terpyridine units was synthesized. Under coordination of Ni2+ and terpyridine ligands in linear polymers, the supramolecular hydrogels H1, H2, and H3 with different cross-linking degrees were prepared. The linear polymers P1–P3 had a strong absorption peak at about 290 nm in the UV-vis spectra which was attributed to π–π* transition, and there was a new peak at about 335 nm led by the metal-to-ligands charge transfer (MLCT) when coordinated with Ni2+ ions. According to the rheological behaviors, the storage modulus (G′) was larger than the loss modulus (G′′). These hydrogels showed typical gel-like characteristics when the terpyridine content of the hydrogels exceeded 10%, and the hydrogels showed liquid-like characteristics when the terpyridine content of the hydrogels was less than 7%. The results of the micromorphological investigation of the xerogels from SEM illustrated the metal–terpyridine coordination cross-linking could have an important influence on the microstructures of the resulting hydrogels. Furthermore, these hydrogels based on supramolecular cross-links exhibited reversible solution–gel transition at different environmental temperatures. At the same time, the equilibrium swelling of the supramolecular hydrogels was 8.0–12.3 g/g, which increased with the decrease in the content of the terpyridine units in the resulting hydrogels.
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Liang Y, Huang W, Situ Q, Su W, Qiu W, Li S, He L, Chen J. Novel Terpyridine Conjugated Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectral Properties, and Anticancer Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gubarev AS, Lezov AA, Mikusheva NG, Perevyazko I, Senchukova AS, Lezova AA, Podsevalnikova AN, Rogozhin VB, Enke M, Winter A, Schubert US, Tsvetkov NV. Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Conformational Parameters of Ferrocene-Terpyridine-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091776. [PMID: 35566943 PMCID: PMC9104623 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the study of metallopolymers is one of the fastest growing areas of polymer science. Metallopolymers have great potential for application in multiple technological and various biomedical processes. The macromolecules with the possibility of varying the number and type of metal ions along the entire length of the polymer chain are of particular interest. In this regard, this study presents results on two successfully synthesized homopolymers, random and block copolymers based on PMMA, containing ferrocene and terpyridine moieties in the side chain. Different architectures of copolymers may attribute interesting properties when creating complexes with various metal ions. A detailed hydrodynamic study of these structures was carried out, the consistency of hydrodynamic data was established using the concept of a hydrodynamic invariant, the absolute values of the molar masses of the studied objects were calculated, and the conformational parameters of macromolecules were determined. Using the Fixman-Stockmayer theory, the equilibrium rigidities of the studied systems were calculated and the relationship between the chemical structure and conformational characteristics was established. The studied copolymers can be attributed to the class of flexible-chain macromolecules. An increase in the equilibrium rigidity value with an increase of the side chain, which is characteristic of comb-shaped polymers, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Gubarev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Alexey A. Lezov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Nina G. Mikusheva
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Igor Perevyazko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Anna S. Senchukova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Alexandra A. Lezova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Anna N. Podsevalnikova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Vyacheslav B. Rogozhin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.S.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nikolai V. Tsvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.S.); (N.V.T.)
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A terpyridine-based chemosensor for detection transition metal ions in aqueous solution: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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