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Dvorácskó S, Körmöczi T, Sija É, Bende B, Weiczner R, Varga T, Ilisz I, Institóris L, Kereszty ÉM, Tömböly C, Berkecz R. Focusing on the 5F-MDMB-PICA, 4F-MDMB-BICA synthetic cannabinoids and their primary metabolites in analytical and pharmacological aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 470:116548. [PMID: 37182749 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) appearing on the illicit market present challenges to analytical, forensic, and toxicology experts. For a better understanding of the physiological effect of SCs, the key issue is studying their metabolomic and psychoactive properties. In this study, our validated targeted reversed phase UHPLC-MS/MS method was used for determination of urinary concentration of 5F-MDMB-PICA, 4F-MDMB-BICA, and their primary metabolites. The liquid-liquid extraction procedure was applied for the enrichment of SCs.The pharmacological characterization of investigated SCs were studied by radioligand competition binding and ligand stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding assays. For 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BICA, the median urinary concentrations were 0.076 and 0.312 ng/mL. For primary metabolites, the concentration range was 0.029-881.02* ng/mL for 5F-MDMB-PICA-COOH, and 0.396-4579* ng/mL for 4F-MDMB-BICA-COOH. In the polydrug aspect, the 22 urine samples were verified to be abused with 6 illicit drugs. The affinity of the metabolites to CB1R significantly decreased compared to the parent ligands. In the GTPγS functional assay, both 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BICA were acting as full agonists, while the metabolites were found as weak inverse agonists. Additionally, the G-protein stimulatory effects of the full agonist 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BICA were reduced by metabolites. These results strongly indicate the dose-dependent CB1R-mediated weak inverse agonist effects of the two butanoic acid metabolites. The obtained high concentration of main urinary metabolites of 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BICA confirmed the relevance of their routine analysis in forensic and toxicological practices. Based on in vitro binding assays, the metabolites presumably might cause a lower psychoactive effect than parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Körmöczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged Somogyi, utca 4., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Sija
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bende
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 6., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Weiczner
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Varga
- Drug Laboratory Szeged, Drug Investigation Department, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 22-24, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged Somogyi, utca 4., Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Institóris
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva M Kereszty
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged Somogyi, utca 4., Szeged, Hungary.
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Araújo DS, Arantes LC, Faria LV, Souza KA, Pimentel DM, Barbosa SL, Richter EM, Muñoz RA, dos Santos WT. Electrochemistry of 5F-MDMB-PICA synthetic cannabinoid using a boron-doped diamond electrode with short anodic-cathodic pretreatment: A simple screening method for application in forensic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Xu D, Ji J, Xiang P, Yan H, Zhang W, Shen M. Determination of 5 synthetic cannabinoids in hair by Segmental analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to eight polydrug abuse cases. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 346:111611. [PMID: 36931106 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have appeared in the drug trade market. A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously identify five synthetic cannabinoids in 1 cm segment hair samples. The method was fully validated and confirmed to have good selectivity, accuracy, and precision, as well as satisfactory linearity within the calibrated range. The limit of quantification (LOD) was 0.5 pg/mg, and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 1 pg/mg, with intraday and interday accuracies (bias) ranging from - 9.6-13.7%. The validated method was successfully used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of five SCs in authentic hair samples of eight SC abusers. SCs were detected in 8 cases at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 632.9 pg/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoqi Xu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China; Department of Forensic Medicine of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Medical College Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau. Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China.
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Methyl (S)-2-(1-7 (5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) intoxication in a child with identification of two new metabolites (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:47-58. [PMID: 36652054 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methyl (S)-2-(1-7 (5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMA-PICA) intoxication in 1.5-year-old child was presented, together with diagnostic parameters discussion and 5F-MDMB-PICA determination in biological material. Furthermore, 5F-MDMB-PICA metabolites were identified in a urine sample as markers of exposure in situation when a parent compound is not present in specimens. METHODS Drugs and metabolites were extracted from serum and urine with ethyl acetate both under alkaline (pH 9) and acidic (pH 3) conditions. Hair, after decontamination and pulverization, were incubated with methanol (16 h, 60 °C). The analysis was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For the identification of 5F-MDMB-PICA metabolites, an urine sample was precipitated with cold acetonitrile. Analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. RESULTS 5F-MDMB-PICA was determined only in serum sample at concentration of 298 ng/mL. After 1 year, when analysis was repeated, concentration of synthetic cannabinoid in the same sample was only 17.6 ng/mL which revealed high instability of 5F-MDMB-PICA in serum sample. Eight 5F-MDMB-PICA metabolites were identified in urine sample, including two potentially new ones with m/z 391.18964 and m/z 275.14016. CONCLUSIONS Toxicological analysis confirmed a 1.5-year-old boy intoxication with 5F-MDMB-PICA. Besides the parent drug, metabolites of 5F-MDMB-PICA were identified, including two potentially new ones, together with possible metabolic reactions which they resulted from. Metabolites determination could serve as a marker of 5F-MDMB-PICA exposure when no parent drug is present in biological material.
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Wang Y, Han L, Yi L, Liu J, Qiu S, Gu J, Bai H, Li J, Wurita A, Hasegawa K. Newly emerging synthetic cannabinoid ADB-4en-PINACA: its identification and quantification in an authentic human hair sample by GC-MS/MS. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:173-178. [PMID: 36652067 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Zhe Jiang Dian Institute of Forensic Science, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liye Yi
- Zhe Jiang Dian Institute of Forensic Science, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Huiru Bai
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Amin Wurita
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Koutaro Hasegawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 413-3192, Japan.
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Cheng JYK, Hui JWS, Chan WS, So MH, Hong YH, Leung WT, Ku KW, Yeung HS, Lo KM, Fung KM, Ip CY, Dao KL, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2019-2022. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 6:100303. [PMID: 36597440 PMCID: PMC9799715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bobbie Kwok-keung Cheung
- Corresponding author. Government Laboratory, 7/F, Homantin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China. http://www.govtlab.gov.hk/
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Glatfelter GC, Partilla JS, Baumann MH. Structure-activity relationships for 5F-MDMB-PICA and its 5F-pentylindole analogs to induce cannabinoid-like effects in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:924-932. [PMID: 34802041 PMCID: PMC8882184 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are an evolving class of new psychoactive substances found on recreational drug markets worldwide. The indole-containing compound, 5F-MDMB-PICA, is a popular SCRA associated with serious medical consequences, including overdose and hospitalizations. In vitro studies reveal that 5F-MDMB-PICA is a potent agonist at cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1), but little information exists regarding in vivo pharmacology of the drug. To this end, we examined the in vitro and in vivo cannabinoid-like effects produced by 5F-MDMB-PICA and related 5F-pentylindole analogs with differing composition of the head group moiety (i.e., 5F-NNEI, 5F-SDB-006, 5F-CUMYL-PICA, 5F-MMB-PICA). In mouse brain membranes, 5F-MDMB-PICA and its analogs inhibited binding to [3H]rimonabant-labeled CB1 and displayed agonist actions in [35S]GTPγS functional assays. 5F-MDMB-PICA exhibited the highest CB1 affinity (Ki = 1.24 nM) and functional potency (EC50 = 1.46 nM), but head group composition markedly influenced activity in both assays. For example, the 3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) and cumyl (5F-CUMYL-PICA) head groups engendered high CB1 affinity and potency, whereas a benzyl (5F-SDB-006) head group did not. In C57BL/6J mice, all 5F-pentylindole SCRAs produced dose- and time-dependent hypothermia, catalepsy, and analgesia that were reversed by rimonabant, indicating CB1 involvement. In vitro Ki and EC50 values were positively correlated with in vivo ED50 potency estimates. Our findings demonstrate that 5F-MDMB-PICA is a potent SCRA, and subtle alterations to head group composition can have profound influence on pharmacological effects at CB1. Importantly, measures of CB1 binding and efficacy in mouse brain tissue seem to accurately predict in vivo drug potency in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Glatfelter
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Designer Drug Research Unit (DDRU), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John S. Partilla
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Designer Drug Research Unit (DDRU), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Designer Drug Research Unit (DDRU), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, MD USA
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Gilbert N, Costello A, Ellison JR, Khan U, Knight M, Linnell MJ, Ralphs R, Mewis RE, Sutcliffe OB. Synthesis, characterisation, detection and quantification of a novel hexyl-substituted synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist: (S)-N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-hexyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-HINACA). Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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