1
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Bakalis J, Chernov S, Li Z, Kunin A, Withers ZH, Cheng S, Adler A, Zhao P, Corder C, White MG, Schönhense G, Du X, Kawakami RK, Allison TK. Momentum-Space Observation of Optically Excited Nonthermal Electrons in Graphene with Persistent Pseudospin Polarization. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39037901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The unique optical properties of graphene, with broadband absorption and ultrafast response, make it a critical component of optoelectronic and spintronic devices. Using time-resolved momentum microscopy with high data rate and high dynamic range, we report momentum-space measurements of electrons promoted to the graphene conduction band with visible light and their subsequent relaxation. We observe a pronounced nonthermal distribution of nascent photoexcited electrons with lattice pseudospin polarization in remarkable agreement with results of simple tight-binding theory. By varying the excitation fluence, we vary the relative importance of electron-electron vs electron-phonon scattering in the relaxation of the initial distribution. Increasing the excitation fluence results in increased noncollinear electron-electron scattering and reduced pseudospin polarization, although up-scattered electrons retain a degree of polarization. These detailed momentum-resolved electron dynamics in graphene demonstrate the capabilities of high-performance time-resolved momentum microscopy in the study of 2D materials and can inform the design of graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bakalis
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Sergii Chernov
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ziling Li
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alice Kunin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Zachary H Withers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alexander Adler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Christopher Corder
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 United States
| | - Gerd Schönhense
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xu Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Roland K Kawakami
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Thomas K Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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2
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McGarrity M, Zhao F. Graphene-Based Chemiresistor Sensors for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9828. [PMID: 38139674 PMCID: PMC10747892 DOI: 10.3390/s23249828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of drinking water is a crucial responsibility for all water infrastructure networks, as it guarantees access to clean water for the communities they serve. With water infrastructure deteriorating due to age and neglect, drinking water violations are on the rise in the US, underscoring the need for improved monitoring capabilities. Among the different sensor technologies, graphene-based chemiresistors have emerged as a promising technology for water quality monitoring due to advantages such as simple design, sensitivity, and selectivity. This review paper provides an overview of recent advances in the development of graphene-based chemiresistors for water quality monitoring, including principles of chemiresistive sensing, sensor design and functionalization, and performance of devices reported in the literature. The paper also discusses challenges and opportunities in the field and highlights future research directions. The development of graphene-based chemiresistors has the potential to revolutionize water quality monitoring by providing highly sensitive and cost-effective sensors that can be integrated into existing infrastructure for real-time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Micro/Nanoelectronic and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;
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3
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González K, Larraza I, Martin L, Eceiza A, Gabilondo N. Effective reinforcement of plasticized starch by the incorporation of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126130. [PMID: 37541466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticized starch (PLS) nanocomposite films using glycerol and reinforced with graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared by solvent casting procedure. On one hand, the influence of adding different G contents into the PLS matrix was analyzed. In order to improve the stability of G nanoflakes in water, Salvia extracts were added as surfactants. The resulting nanocomposites presented improved mechanical properties. A maximum increase of 287 % in Young's modulus and 57 % in tensile strength was achieved for nanocomposites with 5 wt% of G. However, it seemed that Salvia acted as co-plasticizer for the PLS. Moreover, the addition of the highest G content led to an improvement of the electrical conductivity close to 5 × 10-6 S/m compared to the matrix. On the other hand, GO was also incorporated as nanofiller to prepare nanocomposites. Thus, the effect of increasing the GO content in the final behavior of the PLS nanocomposites was evaluated. The characterization of GO containing PLS nanocomposites showed that strong starch/GO interactions and a good dispersion of the nanofiller were achieved. Moreover, the acidic treatment applied for the reduction of the GO was found to be effective, since the electrical conductivity was 150 times bigger than its G containing counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizkitza González
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 'Materials+Technologies' Group, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Graphical Expression and Project Management, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Izaskun Larraza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 'Materials+Technologies' Group, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Loli Martin
- Macrobehaviour-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker Service, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 'Materials+Technologies' Group, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nagore Gabilondo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 'Materials+Technologies' Group, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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4
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Mahdiani M, Rouhani S, Zahedi P. Synthesis, Solvatochromism and Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Naphthalene Diimide Dye by Nano graphene oxide. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2003-2014. [PMID: 36964846 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
A naphthalene diimide dye with two side amine arm was prepared. Uv-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques are used for their photophysical and solvatochromic characteristics in different solvents. The Lippert-Mataga plot for naphthalene diimide demonstrated a negative linear dependence by increasing polarity. Results showed naphthalene diimide is more polar in the ground than in the excited state. A quenching study was conducted for interacting the naphthalene diimide as a fluorophore and graphene oxide as a quencher. Fluorescence quenching-based platforms in nanoscale have been used in sensing systems. Raman, FTIR, Uv-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were used to study the quenching mechanism. The results indicated that graphene plays an effective quencher against the naphthalene diimide, with a quenching efficiency 91%. The Stern-Volmer analysis results show a mix of static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The binding constant of the quencher-fluorophore and the number of binding sites have been reported. Thermodynamic parameters of their interaction were evaluated. The negative values of the Gibbs free energy confirm that the complexation process is spontaneous. Meanwhile, the positive entropy value confirms that the favorable pathway process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mahdiani
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Shohre Rouhani
- Department of Organic Colorant, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payam Zahedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran.
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Lazăr AI, Aghasoleimani K, Semertsidou A, Vyas J, Roșca AL, Ficai D, Ficai A. Graphene-Related Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1092. [PMID: 36985986 PMCID: PMC10051126 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds on the context and recent progress on the control, reproducibility, and limitations of using graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) in biomedical applications. The review describes the human hazard assessment of GRMs in in vitro and in vivo studies, highlights the composition-structure-activity relationships that cause toxicity for these substances, and identifies the key parameters that determine the activation of their biological effects. GRMs are designed to offer the advantage of facilitating unique biomedical applications that impact different techniques in medicine, especially in neuroscience. Due to the increasing utilization of GRMs, there is a need to comprehensively assess the potential impact of these materials on human health. Various outcomes associated with GRMs, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, beneficial effects on cell proliferation, differentiation rates, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, physical destruction, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses, have led to an increasing interest in these regenerative nanostructured materials. Considering the existence of graphene-related nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties, the materials are expected to exhibit unique modes of interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues depending on their size, chemical composition, and hydrophil-to-hydrophobe ratio. Understanding such interactions is crucial from two perspectives, namely, from the perspectives of their toxicity and biological uses. The main aim of this study is to assess and tune the diverse properties that must be considered when planning biomedical applications. These properties include flexibility, transparency, surface chemistry (hydrophil-hydrophobe ratio), thermoelectrical conductibility, loading and release capacity, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Isabela Lazăr
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anna Semertsidou
- Charles River Laboratories, Margate, Manston Road, Kent CT9 4LT, UK
| | - Jahnavi Vyas
- Drug Development Solution, Newmarket road, Ely, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Alin-Lucian Roșca
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov St. 3, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Wu Y, Feng J, Hu G, Zhang E, Yu HH. Colorimetric Sensors for Chemical and Biological Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23052749. [PMID: 36904948 PMCID: PMC10007638 DOI: 10.3390/s23052749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric sensors have been widely used to detect numerous analytes due to their cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity and specificity, and clear visibility, even with the naked eye. In recent years, the emergence of advanced nanomaterials has greatly improved the development of colorimetric sensors. This review focuses on the recent (from the years 2015 to 2022) advances in the design, fabrication, and applications of colorimetric sensors. First, the classification and sensing mechanisms of colorimetric sensors are briefly described, and the design of colorimetric sensors based on several typical nanomaterials, including graphene and its derivatives, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, DNA nanomaterials, quantum dots, and some other materials are discussed. Then the applications, especially for the detection of metallic and non-metallic ions, proteins, small molecules, gas, virus and bacteria, and DNA/RNA are summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future trends in the development of colorimetric sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jing Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - En Zhang
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yu
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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7
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Surface chemistry of graphene tailoring the activity of digestive enzymes by modulating interfacial molecular interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:179-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Novel nanosensor of cobalt(II) and copper(II) constructed from graphene quantum dots modified with Eriochrome Black T. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13179. [PMID: 35915314 PMCID: PMC9343609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of heavy transition metals is of importance protecting humans and the environment from their toxicity. Amongst them, copper(II) and cobalt(II) need more attention due to their wide applications in industry, in which exposures with excess amounts of them cause heathy concerns. Hence, fast and efficient distinguishing copper(II) and cobalt(II) could be worthy. While electrochemical approaches could determine these cations, expensive instrumentation and time-consuming analysis are significant drawbacks, leading to concentrations on spectroscopic and colorimetric pathways. Herein, graphene quantum dot was modified with Eriochrome Black T (EBT) to generate a novel sensor with the ability of sensing mentioned cations. This new nanocompound demonstrated new optical properties when complexed with cobalt(II) in natural pH, and copper(II) in acidic media. Both cations successfully were detected by the new nanosensor through revealing distinct spectroscopic signals. Moreover, cobalt(II) was distinguished by this sensor colorimetrical, appearing green solution. Linear ranges of cobalt(II) and copper(II) were obtained as 0.02-0.08 M and 0.015-0.2 M, with the limit of detections 0.014 and 0.018 M, respectively.
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9
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Kumar S, Pratap S, Kumar V, Mishra RK, Gwag JS, Chakraborty B. Electronic, transport, magnetic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons review. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35850156 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low dimensional materials have attracted great research interest from both theoretical and experimental point of view. These materials exhibit novel physical and chemical properties due to the confinement effect in low dimensions. The experimental observations of graphene open a new platform to study the physical properties of materials restricted to two dimensions. This featured article provides a review on the novel properties of quasi one-dimensional (1D) material known as graphene nanoribbon. Graphene nanoribbons can be obtained by unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or cutting the graphene sheet. Alternatively, it is also called the finite termination of graphene edges. It gives rise different edge geometries namely zigzag and armchair among others. There are various physical and chemical techniques to realize these materials. Depending on the edge type termination, these are called the zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR and AGNR). These edges play an important role in controlling the properties of graphene nanoribbons. The present review article provides an overview of the electronic, transport, optical and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons. However, there are different ways to tune these properties for device applications. Here, some of them are highlighted such as external perturbations and chemical modifications. Few applications of graphene nanoribbon have and chemical modifications. Few applications of graphene nanoribbon have also been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Physics and astronomical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, H.P, India
| | - Surender Pratap
- Department of Physics and astronomical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, H.P, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Jin Seog Gwag
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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10
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Tong P, Asif M, Ajmal M, Aziz A, Sun Y. A Multicomponent Polymer-Metal-Enzyme System as Electrochemical Biosensor for H2O2 Detection. Front Chem 2022; 10:874965. [PMID: 35572115 PMCID: PMC9099068 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.874965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, an Au nanoparticles-polydopamine-poly acrylic acid-graphene (Au NPs-PDA-PAA-graphene) multicomponent nanohybrid is fabricated by surface functionalization of graphene alongside extensive in-situ growth of Au nanoparticles. The as-obtained nanocomposite possesses good hydrophilicity, excellent biocompatibility and high biomolecules loading capacity, which acts as an ideal platform for enzyme modification. Considering this fact, Horseradish peroxidase is expressively immobilized upon Au NPs-PDA-PAA-graphene surface, in order to lay the foundations of a biosensor that is majorly based on enzymatic activity. The biosensor exhibits higher sensitivity towards the determination of H2O2 with linearity ranging from 0.1 μm upto 20 mm, and the limit of detection going down to 0.02 μm. Encouraged by its acceptable electrocatalytic performance, this multicomponent system can also be easily employed for carrying out the real-time tracking of H2O2 coming out of Macrophage cells. Therefore, this work designs an extraordinarily updated platform for biosensing related applications, and also presents a reliable platform for the direct detection of H2O2in vivo and in vitro, which show great potential in bioelectroanalytical chemistry, cellular biology, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Tong
- Henan Institute of Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yimin Sun,
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11
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Carvalho APG, Alegria ECBA, Fantoni A, Ferraria AM, do Rego AMB, Ribeiro APC. Effect of Graphene vs. Reduced Graphene Oxide in Gold Nanoparticles for Optical Biosensors-A Comparative Study. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030163. [PMID: 35323433 PMCID: PMC8946507 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to develop a nanoparticle-based optical biosensor using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using green methods and supported by carbon-based nanomaterials, we studied the role of carbon derivatives in promoting AuNPs localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as well as their morphology, dispersion, and stability. Carbon derivatives are expected to work as immobilization platforms for AuNPs, improving their analytical performance. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using an eco-friendly approach in a single step by reduction of HAuCl4·3H2O using phytochemicals (from tea) which act as both reducing and capping agents. UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential (ζ-potential), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the AuNPs and nanocomposites. The addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) resulted in greater dispersion of AuNPs on the rGO surface compared with carbon-based nanomaterials used as a support. Differences in morphology due to the nature of the carbon support were observed and are discussed here. AuNPs/rGO seem to be the most promising candidates for the development of LSPR biosensors among the three composites we studied (AuNPs/G, AuNPs/GO, and AuNPs/rGO). Simulations based on the Mie scattering theory have been used to outline the effect of the phytochemicals on LSPR, showing that when the presence of the residuals is limited to the formation of a thin capping layer, the quality of the plasmonic resonance is not affected. A further discussion of the application framework is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. G. Carvalho
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, ISEL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1949-014 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabete C. B. A. Alegria
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, ISEL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1949-014 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Alessandro Fantoni
- Departamento de Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações e de Computadores, ISEL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1949-014 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centro de Tecnologias e Sistemas, UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2829-517 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Ferraria
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.F.); (A.M.B.d.R.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Botelho do Rego
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.F.); (A.M.B.d.R.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana P. C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
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12
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Konoplev G, Agafonova D, Bakhchova L, Mukhin N, Kurachkina M, Schmidt MP, Verlov N, Sidorov A, Oseev A, Stepanova O, Kozyrev A, Dmitriev A, Hirsch S. Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures. Biomedicines 2022; 10:207. [PMID: 35203416 PMCID: PMC8868674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Konoplev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Darina Agafonova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Liubov Bakhchova
- Institute for Automation Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Mukhin
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marharyta Kurachkina
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marc-Peter Schmidt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Verlov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
| | - Alexander Sidorov
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Fuculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Oseev
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Oksana Stepanova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kozyrev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Department of Ecological Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine” (FSBSI “IEM”), 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Soeren Hirsch
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
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13
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Singh S, Numan A, Cinti S. Point-of-Care for Evaluating Antimicrobial Resistance through the Adoption of Functional Materials. Anal Chem 2022; 94:26-40. [PMID: 34802244 PMCID: PMC8756393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- IES
Institute of Pharmacy, IES University Campus, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene
& Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering
and Technology, Sunway University, 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT
Center−Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental
Technology, University of Napoli Federico
II, 80055 Naples, Italy
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14
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Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Sayson D, Nguyen BH, Tran SD. Advances in Medical Wearable Biosensors: Design, Fabrication and Materials Strategies in Healthcare Monitoring. Molecules 2021; 27:165. [PMID: 35011400 PMCID: PMC8746599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Darren Sayson
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Bich Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
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15
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Wang T, Wang H, Xia P, Xue S, Yang G, Li H, Li Z, Jiang X, Xing X. PVA-SM microstructure enhanced ratiometric fluorescence probe for formaldehyde detection in solution and gas. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5759-5762. [PMID: 34780455 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is one of the most common pollutants, which has tremendous harm to humans and environment. In this work, 4-amino-3-pentene-2-one (Fluoral-p) and SiO2 coated quantum dot (QD@SiO2) were combined to implement a new ratiometric fluorescence probe QD@SiO2-Fluoral-p for FA detection. In addition, by utilization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and SiO2 microsphere (SM), a kind of PVA-SM microstructure was assembled with QD@SiO2-Fluoral-p to composite a signal enhanced sensing film. The QD@SiO2-Fluoral-p exhibited good response to 0-400 mg/L FA solution and an enhancement around 15 folds was realized after introducing PVA-SM. In both situations, the probe showed linear relationship to FA concentration (CFA), with detection limits of 14 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Also, the sensing film showed a good linear response to FA gas in the range of 0 to 2 ppm, with a detection limit 0.03 ppm. As a result, the PVA-SM enhanced ratiometric fluorescence probe features high sensitivity, low detection limit, good selectivity, as well as portable, which can serve as a useful tool for investigating FA in solution and gas at room temperature.
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16
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Thakre KG, Barai DP, Bhanvase BA. A review of graphene-TiO 2 and graphene-ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2414-2460. [PMID: 34378264 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for wastewater remediation have been growing ever since the environmental and health concern is realized. Development of nanomaterials has enabled mankind to have different methods to treat the various kinds of inorganic and organic pollutants present in wastewater from many resources. Among the many materials, semiconductor materials have found many environmental applications due to their outstanding photocatalytic activities. TiO2 and ZnO are more effectively used as photocatalyst or adsorbents in the withdrawal of inorganic as well as organic wastes from the wastewater. On the other hand, graphene is tremendously being investigated for applications in environmental remediation in view of the superior physical, optical, thermal, and electronic properties of graphene nanocomposites. In this work, graphene-TiO2 and graphene-ZnO nanocomposites have been reviewed for photocatalytic wastewater treatment. The various preparation techniques of these nanocomposites have been discussed. Also, different design strategies for graphene-based photocatalyst have been revealed. These nanocomposites exhibit promising applications in most of the water purification processes which are reviewed in this work. Along with this, the development of these nanocomposites using biomass-derived graphene has also been introduced. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Graphene-TiO2 and graphene-ZnO nanocomposites are effective for wastewater treatment through photocatalysis. These nanocomposite photocatalysts have been used in the form of membrane as well as antibacterial agents. Synthetic strategies and design considerations of graphene-based photocatalyst play a major role. Biomass-derived graphene-TiO2 and graphene-ZnO nanocomposites have also found application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal G Thakre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya P Barai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat A Bhanvase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Asghari A, Wang C, Yoo KM, Rostamian A, Xu X, Shin JD, Dalir H, Chen RT. Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031313. [PMID: 34552683 PMCID: PMC8427516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Asghari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kyoung Min Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Jong-Dug Shin
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Hamed Dalir
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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18
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Sattari S, Adeli M, Beyranvand S, Nemati M. Functionalized Graphene Platforms for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5955-5980. [PMID: 34511900 PMCID: PMC8416335 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s249712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional nanomaterials are emerging as promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, biosensing, pathogen incapacitation, wound healing, and gene and drug delivery. Graphene, due to its high surface area, photothermal property, high loading capacity, and efficient cellular uptake, is at the forefront of these materials and plays a key role in this multidisciplinary research field. Poor water dispersibility and low functionality of graphene, however, hamper its hybridization into new nanostructures for future nanomedicine. Functionalization of graphene, either by covalent or non-covalent methods, is the most useful strategy to improve its dispersion in water and functionality as well as processability into new materials and devices. In this review, recent advances in functionalization of graphene derivatives by different (macro)molecules for future biomedical applications are reported and explained. In particular, hydrophilic functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) to improve their water dispersibility and physicochemical properties is discussed. We have focused on the anticancer drug delivery of polyfunctional graphene sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sattari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Siamak Beyranvand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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19
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Bokare A, Arif J, Erogbogbo F. Strategies for Incorporating Graphene Oxides and Quantum Dots into Photoresponsive Azobenzenes for Photonics and Thermal Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2211. [PMID: 34578524 PMCID: PMC8467028 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene represents a new generation of materials which exhibit unique physicochemical properties such as high electron mobility, tunable optics, a large surface to volume ratio, and robust mechanical strength. These properties make graphene an ideal candidate for various optoelectronic, photonics, and sensing applications. In recent years, numerous efforts have been focused on azobenzene polymers (AZO-polymers) as photochromic molecular switches and thermal sensors because of their light-induced conformations and surface-relief structures. However, these polymers often exhibit drawbacks such as low photon storage lifetime and energy density. Additionally, AZO-polymers tend to aggregate even at moderate doping levels, which is detrimental to their optical response. These issues can be alleviated by incorporating graphene derivatives (GDs) into AZO-polymers to form orderly arranged molecules. GDs such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can modulate the optical response, energy density, and photon storage capacity of these composites. Moreover, they have the potential to prevent aggregation and increase the mechanical strength of the azobenzene complexes. This review article summarizes and assesses literature on various strategies that may be used to incorporate GDs into azobenzene complexes. The review begins with a detailed analysis of structures and properties of GDs and azobenzene complexes. Then, important aspects of GD-azobenzene composites are discussed, including: (1) synthesis methods for GD-azobenzene composites, (2) structure and physicochemical properties of GD-azobenzene composites, (3) characterization techniques employed to analyze GD-azobenzene composites, and most importantly, (4) applications of these composites in various photonics and thermal devices. Finally, a conclusion and future scope are given to discuss remaining challenges facing GD-azobenzene composites in functional science engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Folarin Erogbogbo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, CA 95112, USA; (A.B.); (J.A.)
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20
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Strategies for Improving the Sensing Performance of Semiconductor Gas Sensors for High-Performance Formaldehyde Detection: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a poisonous and harmful gas, which is ubiquitous in our daily life. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde harms human body functions; therefore, it is urgent to fabricate sensors for the real-time monitoring of formaldehyde concentrations. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors is favored by researchers as a result of their low cost, simple operation and portability. In this paper, the mechanism of formaldehyde detection by gas sensors is introduced, and then the ways of ameliorating the response of gas sensors for formaldehyde detection in recent years are summarized. These methods include the control of the microstructure and morphology of sensing materials, the doping modification of matrix materials, the development of new semiconductor sensing materials, the outfield control strategy and the construction of the filter membrane. These five methods will provide a good prerequisite for the preparation of better performing formaldehyde gas sensors.
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