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Zhang Z, Peng M, Li D, Yao J, Li Y, Wu B, Wang L, Xu Z. Carbon Material Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Gastric Cancer Markers Detection. Front Chem 2021; 9:736271. [PMID: 34532312 PMCID: PMC8438142 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.736271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and early diagnosis will be of great significance to improve the survival quality and overall treatment outcome evaluation of patients. Nanoelectrochemical immunosensor is an emerging biosensor combining nanotechnology, electrochemical analysis method and immunological technology, which has simple operation, fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. This mini-review summarized immunoassay techniques, nanotechnology and electrochemical sensing for the early detection of gastric cancer. In particular, we focus on the tension of carbon nanomaterials in this field, including the functionalized preparation of materials, signal enhancement and the construction of novel sensing interfaces. Currently, various tumor markers are being developed, but the more recognized gastric cancer tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA), CD44V9, miRNAs, and programmed death ligand 1. Among them, the electrochemical immunosensor allows the detection of CEA, CA, and miRNAs. The mini-review focused on the development of using carbon based materials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene for immunosensor fabrication and gastric cancer markers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuliang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minsi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benhua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenglei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Wei S, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen L. Recent Development of Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Hematological Malignancies-Associated Biomarkers: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:735668. [PMID: 34513800 PMCID: PMC8423913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.735668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a group of malignant diseases of the hematologic system that seriously endanger human health, mainly involving bone marrow, blood and lymphatic tissues. However, among the available treatments for malignant hematologic diseases, low detection rates and high recurrence rates are major problems in the treatment process. The quantitative detection of hematologic malignancies-related biomarkers is the key to refine the pathological typing of the disease to implement targeted therapy and thus improve the prognosis. In recent years, bioelectrochemical methods for tumor cell and blood detection have attracted the attention of an increasing number of scientists. The development of biosensor technology, nanotechnology, probe technology, and lab-on-a-chip technology has greatly facilitated the development of bioelectrochemical studies of cells, especially for blood and cell-based assays and drug resistance differentiation. To improve the sensitivity of detection, graphene is often used in the design of electrochemical sensors. This mini-review provides an overview of the types of hematological malignancies-associated biomarkers and their detection based on graphene assisted electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiuju Chen
- Department of Public Health, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linshu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhou Q, Liu K, Li X, Gu Y, Zheng Y, Fan B, Wu W. Voltammetric Electrochemical Sensor for Phylogenetic Study in Acer Linn. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:323. [PMID: 34562913 PMCID: PMC8467498 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acer Linn. is a highly divergent species morphology in the maple family (Aceraceae). It is one of the genera facing a very difficult taxonomic situation. The phylogeny of the genus and the taxonomic system under the genus remain unclear. The use of electrochemical fingerprints for plant phylogenetic study is an emerging application in biosensors. In this work, leaves of 18 species of Acer Linn. with an exo-taxa were selected for electrochemical fingerprint recording. Two different conditions were used for improving the data abundance. The fingerprint of all species showed a series of oxidation peaks. These peaks can be ascribed to the oxidation of flavonols, phenolic acids, procyanidins, alkaloids, and pigments in plant tissue. These electrochemical fingerprints can be used for the identification of plant species. We also performed a phylogenetic study with data from electrochemical fingerprinting. The phylogenetic tree of Acer is divided into three main clades. The result is in full agreement with A. shangszeense var. anfuense, A. pictum subsp. mono, A. amplum, A. truncatum, and A. miaotaiense, belonging to the subsection Platanoidea. A. nikoense and A. griseum were clustered together in the dendrogram. Another group that fits the traditional classification results is in the subsection Integrifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhou
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (B.F.)
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Zhejiang Huachuan Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Yiwu 322003, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Yonghua Gu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Boyuan Fan
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (B.F.)
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Quantification of Silicon in Rice Based on an Electrochemical Sensor via an Amplified Electrocatalytic Strategy. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091048. [PMID: 34577693 PMCID: PMC8469415 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon plays a very important role in the growth of rice. The study of the relationship between rice and silicon has become a hot area in the last decade. Currently, the silica-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method is mostly used for the determination of silicon content in rice. However, the results of this method vary greatly due to the different choices of reducing agents, measurement wavelengths and color development times. In this work, we present for the first time an electrochemical sensor for the detection of silicon content in rice. This electrochemical analysis technique not only provides an alternative detection strategy, but also, due to the rapid detection by electrochemical methods and the miniaturization of the instrument, it is suitable for field testing. Methodological construction using electrochemical techniques is a key objective. The silicon in rice was extracted by HF and becomes silica after pH adjustment. The silica was then immobilized onto the glassy carbon surface. These silica nanoparticles provided additional specific surface area for adsorption of sodium borohydride and Ag ions, which in turn formed Ag nanoparticles to fabricate an electrochemical sensor. The proposed electrochemical sensor can be used for indirect measurements of 10-400 mg/L of SiO2, and thus, the method can measure 4.67-186.8 mg/g of silicon. The electrochemical sensor can be used to be comparable with the conventional silicon-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method. The RSD of the current value was only 3.4% for five sensors. In practical use, 200 samples of glume, leaf, leaf sheath and culm were tested. The results showed that glume had the highest silicon content and culm had the lowest silicon content. The linear correlation coefficients for glume, leaf, leaf sheath and culm were 0.9841, 0.9907, 0.9894 and 0.993, respectively.
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