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Sahu P, Sahoo R, Sahu AK, Saluja SS, Behera B. Repurposing phytochemicals of Citrullus colocynthis against maltase-glucoamylase using molecular docking, MMGBSA, MD simulation and linear regression to identify potential anti-diabetic compounds. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5197-5206. [PMID: 37350097 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2225107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common lifestyle disorder found in populations of different age groups. Maltase-glucoamylase catalyses the release of the glucose molecule in the final enzymatic reaction of starch digestion; therefore, inhibition of maltase-glucoamylase is one of the approaches in the development of therapeutics for diabetes. Citrullus colocynthis is commonly recommended in Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes. The current study applied a structure-based drug design approach to repurpose the phytochemicals of Citrullus colocynthis to identify potential inhibitors for maltase-glucoamylase. 70 phytochemicals of Citrullus colocynthis were screened against maltase-glucoamylase and top 5 molecules 8-p-hydroxybenzylisovitexin, isoorientin, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E, and cucurbitacin I with significant binding energy of -10 kcal/mol, -9.9 kcal/mol, -9.6 kcal/mol, -9.2 kcal/mol, and -7.7 kcal/mol were identified. Furthermore, MMGBSA, pharmacokinetics properties and toxicity prediction were performed on the five identified molecules and top 3 molecules were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It was observed from the structural flexibility and dynamic behaviour of the systems that conformational changes were noticed in the complexes as compared to its native state, which suggests that the 3 molecules, namely 8-p-hydroxybenzylisovitexin, isoorientin, and cucurbitacin I of Citrullus colocynthis may act as inhibitors for maltase-glucoamylase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswar Sahu
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rosaleen Sahoo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sahu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Banshidhar Behera
- Department of Dravyaguna, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, New Delhi, India
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Yang L, Zhao H, Yuan F, Chen M, Ma N, Yin Z, Liu H, Guo Y. Computational study on the binding mechanism of allosteric drug TNO155 inhibiting SHP2 E76A. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10881-1. [PMID: 38807000 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
E76A mutations of SHP2 have been reported to associate with genetic developmental diseases and cancers, and TNO155 is one of the effective inhibitors targeted to the allosteric site 1, which has already entered the clinical stage. However, the detailed binding mechanism between them still needs further clarification at micro-atomic level. In this study, the binding mechanism of TNO155 inhibiting SHP2E76A and the superiorities of TNO155 at binding affinity and dynamic interactive behavior with SHP2E76A were probed utilizing a series of computational drug design technologies. The results show that SHP2E76A forms tighter interaction with TNO155 compared to SHP099. SHP2E76A-TNO155 exhibits the largest electrostatic interaction among all complex systems, which can be manifested by the strong hydrogen bond interactions formed by two electrically charged residues, Arg111 and Glu250. Notably, in SHP2E76A-TNO155 system, Asp489 makes an additional substantial beneficial contribution. The E76A mutation brings stronger residue positive correlation and a larger conformation fluctuation between N-CH2 and PTP domains, resulting in tighter binding between TNO155 and SHP2E76A. This study offers valuable insights for the further design and development of novel SHP2E76A allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Huijian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fanru Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mengguo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nannan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhili Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Li P, Zhang J, Wu J, Ma J, Huang W, Gong J, Xie Z, Chen Y, Liao Q. Integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of chickpea in improving insulin resistance. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105750. [PMID: 37977304 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although chickpea have great potential in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, the bioactive components and therapeutic targets of chickpea to prevent insulin resistance (IR) are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of chickpea on IR through serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. The results revealed that compared with other polar fractions, the ethyl acetate extract of chickpea (CE) had the definitive performance on enhancing the capacities of glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis. In addition, we analyzed the components of CE in vivo and in vitro based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS technology. There were 28 kinds of in vitro chemical components, among which the isoflavones included biochanin A, formononetin, ononin, sissotrin, and astragalin, etc. Concerningly, the chief prototype components of CE absorbed into the blood were biochanin A, formononetin, loliolide, and lenticin, etc. Furthermore, a total of 209 common targets between IR and active components of CE were screened out by network pharmacology, among which the key targets involved PI3K p85, NF-κB p65 and estrogen receptor 1, etc. Specifically, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may play critical roles in the IR remission by CE. Finally, the in vitro validation experiments disclosed that CE significantly balanced the oxidative stress state of IR-HepG2 cells and inhibited expressions of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the present study will be an important reference for clarifying the pharmacodynamic substance basis and underlying mechanism of chickpea to alleviate IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinyun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juanqiong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Elhady SS, Alshobaki NM, Elfaky MA, Koshak AE, Alharbi M, Abdelhameed RFA, Darwish KM. Deciphering Molecular Aspects of Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitors within Aspergillus terreus: A Computational Odyssey of Molecular Docking-Coupled Dynamics Simulations and Pharmacokinetic Profiling. Metabolites 2023; 13:942. [PMID: 37623885 PMCID: PMC10456934 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, as a hallmark of the metabolic malady diabetes mellitus, has been an overwhelming healthcare burden owing to its high rates of comorbidity and mortality, as well as prospective complications affecting different body organs. Available therapeutic agents, with α-glucosidase inhibitors as one of their cornerstone arsenal, control stages of broad glycemia while showing definitive characteristics related to their low clinical efficiency and off-target complications. This has propelled the academia and industrial section into discovering novel and safer candidates. Herein, we provided a thorough computational exploration of identifying candidates from the marine-derived Aspergillus terreus isolates. Combined structural- and ligand-based approaches using a chemical library of 275 metabolites were adopted for pinpointing promising α-glucosidase inhibitors, as well as providing guiding insights for further lead optimization and development. Structure-based virtual screening through escalating precision molecular docking protocol at the α-glucosidase canonical pocket identified 11 promising top-docked hits, with several being superior to the market drug reference, acarbose. Comprehensive ligand-based investigations of these hits' pharmacokinetics ADME profiles, physiochemical characterizations, and obedience to the gold standard Lipinski's rule of five, as well as toxicity and mutagenicity profiling, proceeded. Under explicit conditions, a molecular dynamics simulation identified the top-stable metabolites: butyrolactone VI (SK-44), aspulvinone E (SK-55), butyrolactone I 4''''-sulfate (SK-72), and terrelumamide B (SK-173). They depicted the highest free binding energies and steadiest thermodynamic behavior. Moreover, great structural insights have been revealed, including the advent of an aromatic scaffold-based interaction for ligand-target complex stability. The significance of introducing balanced hydrophobic/polar moieties, like triazole and other bioisosteres of carboxylic acid, has been highlighted across docking, ADME/Tox profiling, and molecular dynamics studies for maximizing binding interactions while assuring safety and optimal pharmacokinetics for targeting the intestinal-localized α-glucosidase enzyme. Overall, this study provided valuable starting points for developing new α-glucosidase inhibitors based on nature-derived unique scaffolds, as well as guidance for prospective lead optimization and development within future pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (M.A.E.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Noha M. Alshobaki
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (M.A.E.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (M.A.E.); (A.E.K.)
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman E. Koshak
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (M.A.E.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Wicik Z, Nowak A, Jarosz-Popek J, Wolska M, Eyileten C, Siller-Matula JM, von Lewinski D, Sourij H, Filipiak KJ, Postuła M. Characterization of the SGLT2 Interaction Network and Its Regulation by SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901340. [PMID: 36046822 PMCID: PMC9421436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), also known as solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2), is a promising target for a new class of drugs primarily established as kidney-targeting, effective glucose-lowering agents used in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Increasing evidence indicates that besides renal effects, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have also a systemic impact via indirectly targeting the heart and other tissues. Our hypothesis states that the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i are associated with their binding force, location of targets in the SGLT2 networks, targets involvement in signaling pathways, and their tissue-specific expression. Methods: Thus, to investigate differences in SGLT2i impact on human organisms, we re-created the SGLT2 interaction network incorporating its inhibitors and metformin and analyzed its tissue-specific expression using publicly available datasets. We analyzed it in the context of the so-called key terms ( autophagy, oxidative stress, aging, senescence, inflammation, AMPK pathways, and mTOR pathways) which seem to be crucial to elucidating the SGLT2 role in a variety of clinical manifestations. Results: Analysis of SGLT2 and its network components’ expression confidence identified selected organs in the following order: kidney, liver, adipose tissue, blood, heart, muscle, intestine, brain, and artery according to the TISSUES database. Drug repurposing analysis of known SGLT2i pointed out the influence of SGLT1 regulators on the heart and intestine tissue. Additionally, dapagliflozin seems to also have a stronger impact on brain tissue through the regulation of SGLT3 and SLC5A11. The shortest path analysis identified interaction SIRT1-SGLT2 among the top five interactions across six from seven analyzed networks associated with the key terms. Other top first-level SGLT2 interactors associated with key terms were not only ADIPOQ, INS, GLUT4, ACE, and GLUT1 but also less recognized ILK and ADCY7. Among other interactors which appeared in multiple shortest-path analyses were GPT, COG2, and MGAM. Enrichment analysis of SGLT2 network components showed the highest overrepresentation of hypertensive disease, DM-related diseases for both levels of SGLT2 interactors. Additionally, for the extended SGLT2 network, we observed enrichment in obesity (including SGLT1), cancer-related terms, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and neutrophil-mediated immunity. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive and ranked information about the SGLT2 interaction network in the context of tissue expression and can help to predict the clinical effects of the SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wicik
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wolska
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M. Siller-Matula
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marek Postuła
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marek Postuła,
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Dai L, Zhang J, Wang X, Yang X, Pan F, Yang L, Zhao Y. Protein DEK and DTA Aptamers: Insight Into the Interaction Mechanisms and the Computational Aptamer Design. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:946480. [PMID: 35928230 PMCID: PMC9345330 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.946480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By blocking the DEK protein, DEK-targeted aptamers (DTAs) can reduce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to reveal a strong anti-inflammatory efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the poor stability of DTA has greatly limited its clinical application. Thus, in order to design an aptamer with better stability, DTA was modified by methoxy groups (DTA_OMe) and then the exact DEK–DTA interaction mechanisms were explored through theoretical calculations. The corresponding 2′-OCH3-modified nucleotide force field was established and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. It was proved that the 2′-OCH3-modification could definitely enhance the stability of DTA on the premise of comparative affinity. Furthermore, the electrostatic interaction contributed the most to the binding of DEK–DTA, which was the primary interaction to maintain stability, in addition to the non-specific interactions between positively-charged residues (e.g., Lys and Arg) of DEK and the negatively-charged phosphate backbone of aptamers. The H-bond network analysis reminded that eight bases could be mutated to probably enhance the affinity of DTA_OMe. Therein, replacing the 29th base from cytosine to thymine of DTA_OMe was theoretically confirmed to be with the best affinity and even better stability. These research studies imply to be a promising new aptamer design strategy for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Longhua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Longhua Yang, ; Yongxing Zhao,
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Longhua Yang, ; Yongxing Zhao,
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Abdallah HM, Kashegari AT, Shalabi AA, Darwish KM, El-Halawany AM, Algandaby MM, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdel-Naim AB, Koshak AE, Proksch P, Elhady SS. Phenolics from Chrozophora oblongifolia Aerial Parts as Inhibitors of α-Glucosidases and Advanced Glycation End Products: In-Vitro Assessment, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050762. [PMID: 35625490 PMCID: PMC9139161 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The chemical investigation of Chrozophora oblongifolia aerial parts resulted in the isolation of five phenolic compounds. The isolated metabolites were tested for their antioxidant and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities. 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose exhibited the highest activity as an antioxidant and AGEs inhibitor as well as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. It showed promising binding affinity and stability towards the human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase α-glucosidases, as revealed through coupled molecular docking and dynamics studies that could encourage the utilization of this compound in the management of diabetes and its complications. Abstract Modern life is associated with low physical activity that leads to the accumulation of fats, gaining more weight, and obesity. Accumulation of fat in the abdomen region contributes to diabetes via insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are major plant constituents that exert antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms, including radicle scavenging activity, regulation of glucose uptake, and inhibition of fat and polysaccharide hydrolysis in addition to their inhibitory role regarding the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Chemical investigation of C. oblongifolia aerial parts resulted in the isolation of five major compounds: apeginin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galacturonic acid (3), rutin (4), and 1,3,6-trigalloyl glucose (5). The isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant and AGEs formation, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities. Compound 5 revealed the highest antioxidant and AGEs inhibitory activity in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methylglyoxal, BSA-fructose, and arginine-methylglyoxal models. Moreover, it exhibited a potent inhibitory profile on Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidases compared to the positive control, acarbose. Compound (5) further depicted promising binding affinity and stability towards the human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase α-glucosidases, which is a diabetes-related therapeutic target, through coupled molecular docking and dynamics studies. The obtained results encourage the usage of 1,3,6-trigalloyl glucose in the management of diabetes and its complications. However, detailed in-vivo studies for this compound should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Albraa T. Kashegari
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Akram A. Shalabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman E. Koshak
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
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