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Zhang X, He N, Zhang L, Dai T, Sun Z, Shi Y, Li S, Yu N. Application of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with nanomaterials in anti-tumor therapy. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2342844. [PMID: 38659328 PMCID: PMC11047217 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2342844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has demonstrated its safety, efficacy and noninvasiveness in the ablation of solid tumor. However, its further application is limited by its inherent deficiencies, such as postoperative recurrence caused by incomplete ablation and excessive intensity affecting surrounding healthy tissues. Recent research has indicated that the integration of nanomaterials with HIFU exhibits a promising synergistic effect in tumor ablation. The concurrent utilization of nanomaterials with HIFU can help overcome the limitations of HIFU by improving targeting and ablation efficiency, expanding operation area, increasing operation accuracy, enhancing stability and bio-safety during the process. It also provides a platform for multi-therapy and multi-mode imaging guidance. The present review comprehensively expounds upon the synergistic mechanism between nanomaterials and HIFU, summarizes the research progress of nanomaterials as cavitation nuclei and drug carriers in combination with HIFU for tumor ablation. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential for further exploration in the development of novel nanomaterials that enhance the synergistic effect with HIFU on tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihan Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Li J, Cai X, Jiang P, Wang H, Zhang S, Sun T, Chen C, Fan K. Co-based Nanozymatic Profiling: Advances Spanning Chemistry, Biomedical, and Environmental Sciences. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307337. [PMID: 37724878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes, next-generation enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials, have entered an era of rational design; among them, Co-based nanozymes have emerged as captivating players over times. Co-based nanozymes have been developed and have garnered significant attention over the past five years. Their extraordinary properties, including regulatable enzymatic activity, stability, and multifunctionality stemming from magnetic properties, photothermal conversion effects, cavitation effects, and relaxation efficiency, have made Co-based nanozymes a rising star. This review presents the first comprehensive profiling of the Co-based nanozymes in the chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. The review begins by scrutinizing the various synthetic methods employed for Co-based nanozyme fabrication, such as template and sol-gel methods, highlighting their distinctive merits from a chemical standpoint. Furthermore, a detailed exploration of their wide-ranging applications in biosensing and biomedical therapeutics, as well as their contributions to environmental monitoring and remediation is provided. Notably, drawing inspiration from state-of-the-art techniques such as omics, a comprehensive analysis of Co-based nanozymes is undertaken, employing analogous statistical methodologies to provide valuable guidance. To conclude, a comprehensive outlook on the challenges and prospects for Co-based nanozymes is presented, spanning from microscopic physicochemical mechanisms to macroscopic clinical translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xinda Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Huayuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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3
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Sahu A, Min K, Jeon SH, Kwon K, Tae G. Self-assembled hemin-conjugated heparin with dual-enzymatic cascade reaction activities for acute kidney injury. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121088. [PMID: 37321716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes have prominent catalytic activities with high stability as a substitute for unstable and expensive natural enzymes. However, most nanozymes are metal/inorganic nanomaterials, facing difficulty in clinical translation due to their unproven biosafety and limited biodegradability issues. Hemin, an organometallic porphyrin, was newly found to possess superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity along with previously known catalase (CAT) mimetic activity. However, hemin has poor bioavailability due to its low water solubility. Therefore, a highly biocompatible and biodegradable organic-based nanozyme system with SOD/CAT mimetic cascade reaction activity was developed by conjugating hemin to heparin (HepH) or chitosan (CS-H). Between them, Hep-H formed a smaller (<50 nm) and more stable self-assembled nanostructure and even possessed much higher and more stable SOD and CAT activities as well as the cascade reaction activity compared to CS-H and free hemin. Hep-H also showed a better cell protection effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to CS-H and hemin in vitro. Furthermore, Hep-H was selectively delivered to the injured kidney upon intravenous administration at the analysis time point (24 h) and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects on an acute kidney injury model by efficiently removing ROS, reducing inflammation, and minimizing structural and functional damage to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sahu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hyun Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Gao S, Liu K, Ji X, Cui Y, Li R, Ma G, Zhang Y, Wang L. Biocompatible Palladium Nanoparticles Prepared Using Vancomycin for Colorimetric Detection of Hydroquinone. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3148. [PMID: 37514537 PMCID: PMC10386051 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroquinone poses a major threat to human health and is refractory to degradation, so it is important to establish a convenient detection method. In this paper, we present a novel colorimetric method for the detection of hydroquinone based on a peroxidase-like Pd nanozyme. The vancomycin-stabilized palladium nanoparticles (Van-Pdn NPs, n = 0.5, 1, 2) were prepared using vancomycin as a biological template. The successful synthesis of Van-Pdn NPs (n = 0.5, 1, 2) was demonstrated by UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The sizes of Pd nanoparticles inside Van-Pd0.5 NPs, Van-Pd1 NPs, and Van-Pd2 NPs were 2.6 ± 0.5 nm, 2.9 ± 0.6 nm, and 4.3 ± 0.5 nm, respectively. Furthermore, Van-Pd2 NPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility based on the MTT assay. More importantly, Van-Pd2 NPs had good peroxidase-like activity. A reliable hydroquinone detection method was established based on the peroxidase-like activity of Van-Pd2 NPs, and the detection limit was as low as 0.323 μM. Therefore, vancomycin improved the peroxidase-like activity and biocompatibility of Van-Pd2 NPs. Van-Pd2 NPs have good application prospects in the colorimetric detection of hydroquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xianbing Ji
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Yanshuai Cui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Ruyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guanglong Ma
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Longgang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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5
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Luo Q, Shao N, Zhang AC, Chen CF, Wang D, Luo LP, Xiao ZY. Smart Biomimetic Nanozymes for Precise Molecular Imaging: Application and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:249. [PMID: 37259396 PMCID: PMC9965384 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
New nanotechnologies for imaging molecules are widely being applied to visualize the expression of specific molecules (e.g., ions, biomarkers) for disease diagnosis. Among various nanoplatforms, nanozymes, which exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activities in vivo, have gained tremendously increasing attention in molecular imaging due to their unique properties such as diverse enzyme-mimicking activities, excellent biocompatibility, ease of surface tenability, and low cost. In addition, by integrating different nanoparticles with superparamagnetic, photoacoustic, fluorescence, and photothermal properties, the nanoenzymes are able to increase the imaging sensitivity and accuracy for better understanding the complexity and the biological process of disease. Moreover, these functions encourage the utilization of nanozymes as therapeutic agents to assist in treatment. In this review, we focus on the applications of nanozymes in molecular imaging and discuss the use of peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with different imaging modalities. Further, the applications of nanozymes for cancer treatment, bacterial infection, and inflammation image-guided therapy are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a complete reference for research in the interdisciplinary fields of nanotechnology and molecular imaging to promote the advancement and clinical translation of novel biomimetic nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang-Ping Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ze-Yu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Jia M, Ren W, Liu Y, Wang C, Zheng X, Zhang D, Tan X, Li C. Messenger Nanozyme for Reprogramming the Microenvironment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:338-353. [PMID: 36580409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism in the microenvironment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drives the feedback loops of TNF-α and IL-1β thereby inducing an inflammatory storm between immune cells and joint tissue cells. Here, we combine nanoscale manganese dioxide (MnO2) with microvesicles derived from macrophage (MMV). The former possesses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-like activities that can modulate this imbalance, and we amplify the enzyme-like activities by using the amorphous hollow mesoporous structure and surface modification. The latter is a natural endogenous component with the parent cell-like inflammatory homing ability and a unique function of transmitting information to surrounding and distant cells (″messenger function″), which helps amorphous hollow MnO2 (H-MnO2) nanozymes to cloak in the blood and reach the site of inflammation, where they can not only accumulate in activated macrophages but also pretend to be ″messengers″ that are utilized by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes. In addition, we also load dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) for helping the nanozymes work. Messenger nanozyme (MMV-MnO2@DSP) inherits the natural properties of MMV and mimics the enzymatic activity of SOD and CAT. It accumulates in activated macrophages to restore the metabolism of O2- and H2O2 while promoting repolarization and inhibits the feedback loops of TNF-α and IL-1β among macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and chondrocytes, leading to anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Xiu Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
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7
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Gold Nanozymes: Smart Hybrids with Outstanding Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanostructured artificial enzymes that have attracted great attention among researchers because of their ability to mimic relevant biological reactions carried out by their natural counterparts, but with the capability to overcome natural enzymes’ drawbacks such as low thermostability or narrow substrate scope. The promising enzyme-like properties of these systems make nanozymes excellent candidates for innovative solutions in different scientific fields such as analytical chemistry, catalysis or medicine. Thus, nanozymes with different type of activities are of special interest owing to their versatility since they can reproduce several biological reactions according to the substrates and the environmental conditions. In this context, gold-based nanozymes are a representative example of multifunctional structures that can perform a great number of enzyme-like activities. In addition, the combination of gold-based materials with structures of organic and inorganic chemical nature yields even more powerful hybrid nanozymes, which enhance their activity by providing improved features. This review will carry out a deep insight into gold-based nanozymes, revisiting not only the different type of biological enzymatic reactions that can be achieved with these kinds of systems, but also structural features of some of the most relevant hybrid gold-based nanozymes described in the literature. This literature review will also provide a representative picture of the potential of these structures to solve future technological challenges.
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Dai H, Fan Q, Wang C. Recent applications of immunomodulatory biomaterials for disease immunotherapy. EXPLORATION 2022; 2:20210157. [PMCID: PMC10191059 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qin Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu China
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Regulation Mechanism of ssDNA Aptamer in Nanozymes and Application of Nanozyme-Based Aptasensors in Food Safety. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040544. [PMID: 35206017 PMCID: PMC8871106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety issues are a worldwide concern. Pathogens, toxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and illegal additives are frequently reported to contaminate food and pose a serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have difficulties fulfilling the requirements for food development in a modern society. Therefore, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for on-site and rapid screening of massive food samples. Due to the extraordinary properties of nanozymes and aptamers, biosensors composed of both of them provide considerable advantages in analytical performances, including sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and accuracy. They are considered a promising complementary detection method on top of conventional ones for the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants. In recent years, we have witnessed a flourishing of analytical strategies based on aptamers and nanozymes for the detection of food contaminants, especially novel detection models based on the regulation by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of nanozyme activity. However, the applications of nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety are seldom reviewed. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety, which are arranged according to the different interaction modes of ssDNA and nanozymes: aptasensors based on nanozyme activity either inhibited or enhanced by ssDNA, nanozymes as signal tags, and other methods. Before introducing the nanozyme-based aptasensors, the regulation by ssDNA of nanozyme activity via diverse factors is discussed systematically for precisely tailoring nanozyme activity in biosensors. Furthermore, current challenges are emphasized, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Role of Nanozymes in Oral Cancer the Road Ahead. Top Catal 2022; 65:1973-1983. [PMID: 36467708 PMCID: PMC9684919 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a result of diverse interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), genetic alterations along with associated risk factors such as lifestyle and microbial infections. Various modalities are employed in the diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Nanozymes which are artificial enzymes have a great potential in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of tumors. They have enormous advantages compared to natural enzymes and possess inherent biological and physical properties. A web-based search was performed via the Google scholar, PubMed database, Web of Science with keywords nanozymes, nanoparticles in cancer and oral cancer. The other keywords used were diagnosis, therapy, TME, microbiome, molecular alterations, biosensor, targeted therapy, imaging and tissue regeneration. Original research studies, reviews, case reports published from 2012 to 2022 were included to appraise different subsections. An absolute lack of literature on nanozymes was observed in oral cancer. The present review is the first attempt to describe the role and application of nanozymes in oral cancer by correlating its outcome in tumor biology and biomedical research. Rapid development of nanotechnology has created a paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Nanozymes with novel designs can be anticipated in the future in oral cancer management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11244-022-01729-9.
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