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Shakoor A, Alam A, Jan F, Khan M, Ali M, Ullah S, Khan A, AlAsmari AF, Alasmari F, Al-Ghafri A, Al-Harrasi A. Novel benzimidazole derivatives as effective inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase: synthesis, in vitro and in silico analysis. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:43-58. [PMID: 38054466 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This research aims to discover novel derivatives having potential therapeutic applications in treating conditions related to prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) dysfunction. Method: Novel benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro POP inhibition. Results: All these derivatives showed excellent-to-good inhibitory activities in the range of IC50 values of 3.61 ± 0.15 to 43.72 ± 1.18 μM, when compared with standard Z-prolyl-prolinal. The docking analysis revealed the strong interactions between our compounds and the target enzyme, providing critical insights into their binding affinities and potential implications for drug development. Conclusion: The significance of these compounds in targeting POP enzyme offers promising prospects for future research in the field of neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Shakoor
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, PO Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, PO Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghafri
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
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Wadhawan M, Ahmad F, Yadav S, Rathaur S. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differential Protein Expression Induced by Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Filarial Parasites. Protein J 2022; 41:613-624. [PMID: 36271977 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) plays a crucial role in the processing and degradation of neuropeptides and regulates inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling in mammals. We have reported that POP inhibition leads to IP3-mediated calcium efflux leading to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. This study further elucidates the effect of altered calcium homeostasis on the proteome of filarial parasites. Adult parasites were treated with POP's specific inhibitor, Z-Pro-prolinal (ZPP), for 7 h. Cytosolic and mitochondrial proteome was analyzed using 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-MS/MS. Phosphoproteins were also analyzed in the cytosolic fraction of the parasites. The phosphoprotein analysis revealed 7, and 9 spots in the cytosolic fraction of control and ZPP-treated parasites, respectively. The two identified protein spots in the treated set were found to be involved in G protein signaling. In cytosolic fraction, 109 and 112 protein spots were observed in control and treated parasites, respectively. Of these, 56 upregulated and 32 downregulated protein spots were observed in the treated set. On the other hand, 50 and 47 protein spots were detected in the mitochondrial fraction of control and treated parasites, respectively. Of these spots, 18 upregulated and 12 down-regulated protein spots were found in treated parasites. In silico analysis showed that the identified proteins were involved in energy metabolism, calcium signaling, stress response, and cytoskeleton organization. These findings correlate with our previous results suggesting the important regulatory role of POP in signaling and different metabolic pathways of filarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Wadhawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Sushma Rathaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India.
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