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Magna G, Šakarašvili M, Stefanelli M, Giancane G, Bettini S, Valli L, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R, Monti D, Di Natale C, Paolesse R. Chiral Recognition by Supramolecular Porphyrin-Hemicucurbit[8]uril-Functionalized Gravimetric Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enantiorecognition of a chiral analyte usually requires the ability to respond with high specificity to one of the two enantiomers of a chiral compound. However, in most cases, chiral sensors have chemical sensitivity toward both enantiomers, showing differences only in the intensity of responses. Furthermore, specific chiral receptors are obtained with high synthetic efforts and have limited structural versatility. These facts hinder the implementation of chiral sensors in many potential applications. Here, we utilize the presence of both enantiomers of each receptor to introduce a novel normalization that allows the enantio-recognition of compounds even when single sensors are not specific for one enantiomer of a target analyte. For this purpose, a novel protocol that permits the fabrication of a large set of enantiomeric receptor pairs with low synthetic efforts by combining metalloporphyrins with (R,R)- and (S,S)-cyclohexanohemicucurbit[8]uril is developed. The potentialities of this approach are investigated by an array of four pairs of enantiomeric sensors fabricated using quartz microbalances since gravimetric sensors are intrinsically non-selective toward the mechanism of interaction of analytes and receptors. Albeit the weak enantioselectivity of single sensors toward limonene and 1-phenylethylamine, the normalization allows the correct identification of these enantiomers in the vapor phase indifferent to their concentration. Remarkably, the achiral metalloporphyrin choice influences the enantioselective properties, opening the way to easily obtain a large library of chiral receptors that can be implemented in actual sensor arrays. These enantioselective electronic noses and tongues may have a potential striking impact in many medical, agrochemical, and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marko Šakarašvili
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago, 48, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Bettini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, SCI-421A, 12618 Tallinn, Harju Maakon, Estonia
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Šakarašvili M, Ustrnul L, Suut E, Nallaparaju JV, Mishra KA, Konrad N, Adamson J, Borovkov V, Aav R. Self-Assembly of Chiral Cyclohexanohemicucurbit[n]urils with Bis(Zn Porphyrin): Size, Shape, and Time-Dependent Binding. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030937. [PMID: 35164200 PMCID: PMC8839860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the ability of bis(zinc octaethylporphyrin) (bis–ZnOEP) to discriminate cyclohexanohemicucurbit[n]urils (cycHC[n]) of different shapes and sizes, the self-assembly of barrel-shaped chiral cycHC[n] with bis–ZnOEP was studied by various spectroscopic methods (absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR). While the binding of 6-membered cycHC[6] induced a tweezer-like conformation followed by the formation of anti-form of bis–ZnOEP upon further addition of cycHC[6], the interaction of 8-membered cycHC[8] is more complex and proceeds through the featured syn-to-anti conformational change of bis–ZnOEP and further intermolecular self-assembly via multiple noncovalent associations between cycHC[8] and bis–ZnOEP. Whilst bis–porphyrins are known to be effective chemical sensors able to differentiate various guests based on their chirality via induced CD, their ability to sense small differences in the shape and size of relatively large macrocycles, such as chiral cycHC[6] and cycHC[8], is scarcely examined. Both studied complexes exhibited characteristic induced CD signals in the region of porphyrin absorption upon complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Šakarašvili
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Elina Suut
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Jagadeesh Varma Nallaparaju
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Kamini A. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nele Konrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (R.A.)
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