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Xu S, Huang J, Wang G, Dou Y, Yuan D, Lin L, Qin K, Wu K, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wu C. Electrolyte and Additive Engineering for Zn Anode Interfacial Regulation in Aqueous Zinc Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300268. [PMID: 37317019 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-metal batteries (AZMBs) have gained great interest due to their low cost, eco-friendliness, and inherent safety, which serve as a promising complement to the existing metal-based batteries, e.g., lithium-metal batteries and sodium-metal batteries. Although the utilization of aqueous electrolytes and Zn metal anode in AZMBs ensures their improved safety over other metal batteries meanwhile guaranteeing their decent energy density at the cell level, plenty of challenges involved with metallic Zn anode still await to be addressed, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and zinc corrosion and passivation. In the past years, several attempts have been adopted to address these problems, among which engineering the aqueous electrolytes and additives is regarded as a facile and promising approach. In this review, a comprehensive summary of aqueous electrolytes and electrolyte additives will be given based on the recent literature, aiming at providing a fundamental understanding of the challenges associated with the metallic Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes, meanwhile offering a guideline for the electrolytes and additives engineering strategies toward stable AZMBs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiu Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guanyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuhai Dou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Liangxu Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Kaifeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kuan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Schulz A, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A. Rotational dynamics, ionic conductivity, and glass formation in a ZnCl2-based deep eutectic solvent. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054502. [PMID: 38341686 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glass formation and reorientational motions are widespread but often-neglected features of deep eutectic solvents although both can be relevant for the technically important ionic conductivity at room temperature. Here, we investigate these properties for two mixtures of ethylene glycol and ZnCl2, which were recently considered superior electrolyte materials for application in zinc-ion batteries. For this purpose, we employed dielectric spectroscopy performed in a broad temperature range, extending from the supercooled state at low temperatures up to the liquid phase around room temperature and beyond. We find evidence for a relaxation process arising from dipolar reorientation dynamics, which reveals the clear signatures of glassy freezing. This freezing also governs the temperature dependence of the ionic dc conductivity. We compare the obtained results with those for deep eutectic solvents that are formed by the same hydrogen-bond donor, ethylene glycol, but by two different salts, choline chloride and lithium triflate. The four materials reveal significantly different ionic and reorientational dynamics. Moreover, we find varying degrees of decoupling of rotational dipolar and translational ionic motions, which can partly be described by a fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation. The typical glass-forming properties of these solvents strongly affect their room-temperature conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulz
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
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Pelosi C, Quaranta A, Rollo M, Martinelli E, Duce C, Ciancaleoni G, Bernazzani L. Preparation and Characterization of Zinc(II)-Based Lewis/Brønsted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:8054. [PMID: 38138544 PMCID: PMC10745514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis/Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvents (LBDESs) are a recent class of solvents that combine the two types of acidity. In some cases, this synergy leads to enhanced catalytic properties for many reactions and applications. For this reason, it is important to discover more LBDESs. In this work, we prepared and characterized four different zinc(II)-based LBDESs, mixing ZnCl2 and various Brønsted acids: acetic, glycolic, levulinic, and formic acids. Apart from the latter, for which the corresponding DES is not thermally stable, the samples have been characterized in terms of density, viscosity, and conductivity. Notably, as zinc(II) is a diamagnetic metal, all of them are suitable for NMR spectroscopy, for example, for kinetic and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Aldo Quaranta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Marco Rollo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Celia Duce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR) Area di Pisa, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Luca Bernazzani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (A.Q.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (C.D.)
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Wen M, Yang C, Liu Q, Qiu J, Zang L. Wide-Potential-Window Bimetallic Hydrated Eutectic Electrolytes with High-Temperature Resistance for Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303348. [PMID: 37386812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) are considered ideal energy-storage devices. However, the common aqueous Zn2+ -containing electrolytes used in ZHCs often cause parasitic reactions during charging-discharging owing to free water molecules. Hydrated eutectic electrolytes (HEEs) that bind water molecules through solvation shells and hydrogen bonds can be applied at high temperatures and within a wide potential window. This study reports a novel bimetallic HEE (ZnK-HEE), consisting of zinc chloride, potassium chloride, ethylene glycol, and water, which enhances the capacity and electrochemical reaction kinetics of ZHCs. The bimetallic solvation shell in ZnK-HEE is studied by molecular dynamics and density functional theory, confirming its low step-by-step desolvation energy. A Zn//activated carbon ZHC in ZnK-HEE shows a high operating voltage of 2.1 V, along with an ultrahigh capacity of 326.9 mAh g-1 , power density of 2099.7 W kg-1 , and energy density of 343.2 Wh kg-1 at 100 °C. The reaction mechanisms of charging-discharging process are investigated by ex situ X-ray diffraction. This study reports a promising electrolyte for high-performance ZHCs, which exhibits high-temperature resistance and is operable within a wide potential window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Liu
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Limin Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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