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Chasse AY, Bandyadka S, Wertheimer MC, Serizier SB, McCall K. Professional phagocytes are recruited for the clearance of obsolete nonprofessional phagocytes in the Drosophila ovary. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389674. [PMID: 38994369 PMCID: PMC11236694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an important process in the body, as it occurs throughout every tissue during development, disease, and tissue regeneration. Phagocytes are responsible for clearing away dying cells and are typically characterized as either professional or nonprofessional phagocytes. Professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, are found in nearly every part of the body while nonprofessional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells, are found in every tissue type. However, there are organs that are considered "immune-privileged" as they have little to no immune surveillance and rely on nonprofessional phagocytes to engulf dying cells. These organs are surrounded by barriers to protect the tissue from viruses, bacteria, and perhaps even immune cells. The Drosophila ovary is considered immune-privileged, however the presence of hemocytes, the macrophages of Drosophila, around the ovary suggests they may have a potential function. Here we analyze hemocyte localization and potential functions in response to starvation-induced cell death in the ovary. Hemocytes were found to accumulate in the oviduct in the vicinity of mature eggs and follicle cell debris. Genetic ablation of hemocytes revealed that the presence of hemocytes affects oogenesis and that they phagocytose ovarian cell debris and in their absence fecundity decreases. Unpaired3, an IL-6 like cytokine, was found to be required for the recruitment of hemocytes to the oviduct to clear away obsolete follicle cells. These findings demonstrate a role for hemocytes in the ovary, providing a more thorough understanding of phagocyte communication and cell clearance in a previously thought immune-privileged organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y. Chasse
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shruthi Bandyadka
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Sandy B. Serizier
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Chen X, Zhang B, He J, Rui X, He T, Zhang L, Bao J, Jing Y, Cao F. Exploration of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Treatment of Gentamicin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2591-2605. [PMID: 38953095 PMCID: PMC11215974 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s462653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the decline of effective antibiotics lead to the urgent need for new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial peptides against gentamicin-resistant (RT) K. pneumoniae and to screen effective antimicrobial peptides. Methods In this study, the RT strains were induced by gradient gentamicin, and the RT strains were selected by detecting the expression levels of efflux pump genes, porin genes, and biofilm formation genes of the strains combined with their effects on the cells. Then the effects of four antimicrobial peptides on the efflux pump activity, biofilm formation level and cell condition after infection were detected to explore the effects of antimicrobial peptides on RT strains. Finally, the RT strain was used to induce a mouse model of pneumonia, and the four antimicrobial peptides were used to treat pneumonia mice for in vivo experiments. The pathological changes in lung tissues in each group were detected to explore the antimicrobial peptide with the most significant effect on the RT strain in vivo. Results The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the RT strains (strain C and strain I) were significantly higher than those of the wild-type strain, and the expression of efflux pump, porin and biofilm formation genes was significantly increased. The antimicrobial peptides could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation and efflux pump protein function of the RT strains. In addition, the antimicrobial peptides showed promising antibacterial effects both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion Our study provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of gentamicin resistant K. pneumoniae infection with antimicrobial peptides, and found that KLA was significantly superior to LL37, Magainin I, KLA and Dermaseptin (10 μg/mL in cells, 50 μg in mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Gongshu District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Yuhang Jiamu Nursing Home, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Department of Research, Nanxin Pharm, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jing
- Department of Function, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Futao Cao
- Department of Emergency, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Liu Y, Li X, Lin L. Transcriptome of the pygmy grasshopper Formosatettix qinlingensis (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15123. [PMID: 37016680 PMCID: PMC10066883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formosatettix qinlingensis (Zheng, 1982) is a tiny grasshopper endemic to Qinling in China. For further study of its transcriptomic features, we obtained RNA-Seq data by Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platform. Firstly, transcriptomic analysis showed that transcriptome read numbers of two female and one male samples were 25,043,314, 24,429,905, and 25,034,457, respectively. We assembled 65,977 unigenes, their average length was 1,072.09 bp, and the length of N50 was 2,031 bp. The average lengths of F. qinlingensis female and male unigenes were 911.30 bp, and 941.82 bp, and the N50 lengths were 1,745 bp and 1,735 bp, respectively. Eight databases were used to annotate the functions of unigenes, and 23,268 functional unigenes were obtained. Besides, we also studied the body color, immunity and insecticide resistance of F. qinlingensis. Thirty-nine pigment-related genes were annotated. Some immunity genes and signaling pathways were found, such as JAK-STAT and Toll-LIKE receptor signaling pathways. There are also some insecticide resistance genes and signal pathways, like nAChR, GST and DDT. Further, some of these genes were differentially expressed in female and male samples, including pigment, immunity and insecticide resistance. The transcriptomic study of F. qinlingensis will provide data reference for gene prediction and molecular expression study of other Tetrigidae species in the future. Differential genetic screening of males and females provides a basis for studying sex and immune balance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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4
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A Blueprint for Cancer-Related Inflammation and Host Innate Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113211. [PMID: 34831432 PMCID: PMC8623541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in situ and allograft models of cancer in juvenile and adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies offer a powerful means for unravelling cancer gene networks and cancer-host interactions. They can also be used as tools for cost-effective drug discovery and repurposing. Moreover, in situ modeling of emerging tumors makes it possible to address cancer initiating events-a black box in cancer research, tackle the innate antitumor immune responses to incipient preneoplastic cells and recurrent growing tumors, and decipher the initiation and evolution of inflammation. These studies in Drosophila melanogaster can serve as a blueprint for studies in more complex organisms and help in the design of mechanism-based therapies for the individualized treatment of cancer diseases in humans. This review focuses on new discoveries in Drosophila related to the diverse innate immune responses to cancer-related inflammation and the systemic effects that are so detrimental to the host.
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5
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Gong S, Zhang Y, Bao H, Wang X, Chang CH, Huang YC, Deng WM. Tumor Allotransplantation in Drosophila melanogaster with a Programmable Auto-Nanoliter Injector. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33616117 DOI: 10.3791/62229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the allotransplantation of tumors in Drosophila melanogaster using an auto-nanoliter injection apparatus. With the use of an autoinjector apparatus, trained operators can achieve more efficient and consistent transplantation results compared to those obtained using a manual injector. Here, we cover topics in a chronological fashion: from the crossing of Drosophila lines, to the induction and dissection of the primary tumor, transplantation of the primary tumor into a new adult host and continued generational transplantation of the tumor for extended studies. As a demonstration, here we use Notch intracellular domain (NICD) overexpression induced salivary gland imaginal ring tumors for generational transplantation. These tumors can first be reliably induced in a transition-zone microenvironment within larval salivary gland imaginal rings, then allografted and cultured in vivo to study continued tumor growth, evolution, and metastasis. This allotransplantation method can be useful in potential drug screening programs, as well as for studying tumor-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyu Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Hongcun Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine;
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6
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Gumiel M, de Mattos DP, Vieira CS, Moraes CS, Moreira CJDC, Gonzalez MS, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Waghabi M, Azambuja P, Carels N. Proteome of the Triatomine Digestive Tract: From Catalytic to Immune Pathways; Focusing on Annexin Expression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:589435. [PMID: 33363206 PMCID: PMC7755933 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.589435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma infestans, and Dipetalogaster maxima are all triatomines and potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi responsible for human Chagas' disease. Considering that the T. cruzi's cycle occurs inside the triatomine digestive tract (TDT), the analysis of the TDT protein profile is an essential step to understand TDT physiology during T. cruzi infection. To characterize the protein profile of TDT of D. maxima, P. megistus, R. prolixus, and T. infestans, a shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was applied in this report. Most proteins were found to be closely related to metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis/glycolysis, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, but also to the immune system. We annotated this new proteome contribution gathering it with those previously published in accordance with Gene Ontology and KEGG. Enzymes were classified in terms of class, acceptor, and function, while the proteins from the immune system were annotated by reference to the pathways of humoral response, cell cycle regulation, Toll, IMD, JNK, Jak-STAT, and MAPK, as available from the Insect Innate Immunity Database (IIID). These pathways were further subclassified in recognition, signaling, response, coagulation, melanization and none. Finally, phylogenetic affinities and gene expression of annexins were investigated for understanding their role in the protection and homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells against the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gumiel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Department, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Debora Passos de Mattos
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cecília Stahl Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Salabert Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT-IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Pinal N, Calleja M, Morata G. Pro-apoptotic and pro-proliferation functions of the JNK pathway of Drosophila: roles in cell competition, tumorigenesis and regeneration. Open Biol 2020; 9:180256. [PMID: 30836847 PMCID: PMC6451367 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. It appears to be conserved in all animal species where it regulates important physiological functions involved in apoptosis, cell migration, cell proliferation and regeneration. In this review, we focus on the functions of JNK in Drosophila imaginal discs, where it has been reported that it can induce both cell death and cell proliferation. We discuss this apparent paradox in the light of recent findings and propose that the pro-apoptotic and the pro-proliferative functions are intrinsic properties of JNK activity. Whether one function or another is predominant depends on the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pinal
- Centro de Biología Molecular CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Ginés Morata
- Centro de Biología Molecular CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
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8
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Mendes N, Dias Carvalho P, Martins F, Mendonça S, Malheiro AR, Ribeiro A, Carvalho J, Velho S. Animal Models to Study Cancer and Its Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:389-401. [PMID: 32130710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are complex tissues composed by genetically altered cancer cells and stromal elements such as inflammatory/immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and pericytes, neuronal cells, and a non-cellular component, the extracellular matrix. The complex network of interactions and crosstalk established between cancer cells and the supportig cellular and non-cellular components of the microenvironment are of extreme importance for tumor initiation and progression, strongly impacting the course and the outcome of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of the tumorigenic processes implies the combined study of the cancer cell and the biologic, chemical and mechanic constituents of the tumor microenvironment, as their concerted action plays a major role in the carcinogenic pathway and is a key determinant of the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. The use of animal models (e.g. Mouse, Zebrafish and Drosophila) to study cancer has greatly impacted our understanding of the processes governing initiation, progression and metastasis and allowed the discovery and pre-clinical validation of novel cancer treatments as it allows to recreate tumor development in a more pathophysiologic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mendes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Dias Carvalho
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Mendonça
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Malheiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Ribeiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Carvalho
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Velho
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia Molecular e Imunologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Villegas SN, Gombos R, García-López L, Gutiérrez-Pérez I, García-Castillo J, Vallejo DM, Da Ros VG, Ballesta-Illán E, Mihály J, Dominguez M. PI3K/Akt Cooperates with Oncogenic Notch by Inducing Nitric Oxide-Dependent Inflammation. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Notch, and other oncogenes cooperate in the induction of aggressive cancers. Elucidating how the PI3K/Akt pathway facilitates tumorigenesis by other oncogenes may offer opportunities to develop drugs with fewer side effects than those currently available. Here, using an unbiased in vivo chemical genetic screen in Drosophila, we identified compounds that inhibit the activity of proinflammatory enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and lipoxygenase (LOX) as selective suppressors of Notch-PI3K/Akt cooperative oncogenesis. Tumor silencing of NOS and LOX signaling mirrored the antitumor effect of the hit compounds, demonstrating their participation in Notch-PI3K/Akt-induced tumorigenesis. Oncogenic PI3K/Akt signaling triggered inflammation and immunosuppression via aberrant NOS expression. Accordingly, activated Notch tumorigenesis was fueled by hampering the immune response or by NOS overexpression to mimic a protumorigenic environment. Our lead compound, the LOX inhibitor BW B70C, also selectively killed human leukemic cells by dampening the NOTCH1-PI3K/AKT-eNOS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nahuel Villegas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rita Gombos
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, MTA-SZBK NAP B Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lucia García-López
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Castillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diana Marcela Vallejo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vanina Gabriela Da Ros
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Ballesta-Illán
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, MTA-SZBK NAP B Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Dominguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
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10
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Abstract
The insect fat body is analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In this review, the new and exciting advancements made in fat body biology in the last decade are summarized. Controlled by hormonal and nutritional signals, insect fat body cells undergo mitosis during embryogenesis, endoreplication during the larval stages, and remodeling during metamorphosis and regulate reproduction in adults. Fat body tissues are major sites for nutrient storage, energy metabolism, innate immunity, and detoxification. Recent studies have revealed that the fat body plays a central role in the integration of hormonal and nutritional signals to regulate larval growth, body size, circadian clock, pupal diapause, longevity, feeding behavior, and courtship behavior, partially by releasing fat body signals to remotely control the brain. In addition, the fat body has emerged as a fascinating model for studying metabolic disorders and immune diseases. Potential future directions for fat body biology are also proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
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12
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Bajgar A, Saloň I, Krejčová G, Doležal T, Jindra M, Štěpánek F. Yeast glucan particles enable intracellular protein delivery in Drosophila without compromising the immune system. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4708-4719. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucan particles spread through the whole organism quickly, accumulate in sites of macrophage occurrence and can deliver cargo into the macrophages with a negligible effect on immune response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- University of South Bohemia
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- 37005 České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Saloň
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 166 28 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- University of South Bohemia
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- 37005 České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- University of South Bohemia
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- 37005 České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Marek Jindra
- Biology Centre CAS
- Institute of Entomology
- 37005 České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 166 28 Prague
- Czech Republic
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13
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von Frieling J, Fink C, Hamm J, Klischies K, Forster M, Bosch TCG, Roeder T, Rosenstiel P, Sommer F. Grow With the Challenge - Microbial Effects on Epithelial Proliferation, Carcinogenesis, and Cancer Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2020. [PMID: 30294304 PMCID: PMC6159313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic host is in close contact to myriads of resident and transient microbes, which influence the crucial physiological pathways. Emerging evidence points to their role of host-microbe interactions for controlling tissue homeostasis, cell fate decisions, and regenerative capacity in epithelial barrier organs including the skin, lung, and gut. In humans and mice, it has been shown that the malignant tumors of these organs harbor an altered microbiota. Mechanistic studies have shown that the altered metabolic properties and secreted factors contribute to epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Exciting recent work points toward a crucial influence of the associated microbial communities on the response to chemotherapy and immune-check point inhibitors during cancer treatment, which suggests that the modulation of the microbiota might be a powerful tool for personalized oncology. In this article, we provide an overview of how the bacterial signals and signatures may influence epithelial homeostasis across taxa from cnidarians to vertebrates and delineate mechanisms, which might be potential targets for therapy of human diseases by either harnessing barrier integrity (infection and inflammation) or restoring uncontrolled proliferation (cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kenneth Klischies
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Badinloo M, Nguyen E, Suh W, Alzahrani F, Castellanos J, Klichko VI, Orr WC, Radyuk SN. Overexpression of antimicrobial peptides contributes to aging through cytotoxic effects in Drosophila tissues. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 98:e21464. [PMID: 29637607 PMCID: PMC6039247 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response tends to become hyperactive and proinflammatory in older organisms. We investigated connections between activity of the immune-related genes and aging using the Drosophila model. A hallmark of Drosophila immunity is the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), whose expression is triggered via activation of the Toll and Imd immune pathways and regulated by NF-ĸB-like transcription factors, Dif/Dorsal and Relish. It was previously shown that overexpression of the upstream component of the immune pathways shortens lifespan via activation of the Relish-dependent immune response. Here we show that direct overexpression of the Relish target AMP genes broadly at high levels or in the fat body induced apoptosis, elicited depolarization of the mitochondria and significantly shortened lifespan. Underexpression of Relish in the fat body beginning in the second half of lifespan prevented overactivation of AMPs and extended longevity. Unlike infection-induced responses, the age-related increase in AMPs does not require the upstream recognition/transduction module of the Imd pathway. It does however require downstream elements, including Relish and Ird5, a component of the downstream IKK complex. Together, these results established causal links between high-level production of antimicrobial peptides and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Svetlana N. Radyuk
- Corresponding Author Svetlana N. Radyuk, PhD, 6501 Airline Rd, Room 113, Dallas, TX 75275, Tel: +1-214-768-2892, Fax: +1-214-768-3955,
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15
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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16
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Modelling Cooperative Tumorigenesis in Drosophila. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4258387. [PMID: 29693007 PMCID: PMC5859872 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4258387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of human metastatic cancer is a multistep process, involving the acquisition of several genetic mutations, tumour heterogeneity, and interactions with the surrounding microenvironment. Due to the complexity of cancer development in mammals, simpler model organisms, such as the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are being utilized to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. In this review, we highlight recent advances in modelling tumorigenesis using the Drosophila model, focusing on the cooperation of oncogenes or tumour suppressors, and the interaction of mutant cells with the surrounding tissue in epithelial tumour initiation and progression.
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17
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Eklund BE, Mahdi O, Huntley JF, Collins E, Martin C, Horzempa J, Fisher NA. The orange spotted cockroach ( Blaptica dubia, Serville 1839) is a permissive experimental host for Francisella tularensis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE WEST VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 2017; 89:34-47. [PMID: 29578544 PMCID: PMC5863744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that causes severe disease in a wide range of host animals, including humans. Well-developed murine models of F. tularensis pathogenesis are available, but they do not meet the needs of all investigators. However, researchers are increasingly turning to insect host systems as a cost-effective alternative that allows greater increased experimental throughput without the regulatory requirements associated with the use of mammals in biomedical research. Unfortunately, the utility of previously-described insect hosts is limited because of temperature restriction, short lifespans, and concerns about the immunological status of insects mass-produced for other purposes. Here, we present a novel host species, the orange spotted (OS) cockroach (Blaptica dubia), that overcomes these limitations and is readily infected by F. tularensis. Intrahemocoel inoculation was accomplished using standard laboratory equipment and lethality was directly proportional to the number of bacteria injected. Progression of infection differed in insects housed at low and high temperatures and F. tularensis mutants lacking key virulence components were attenuated in OS cockroaches. Finally, antibiotics were delivered to infected OS cockroaches by systemic injection and controlled feeding; in the latter case, protection correlated with oral bioavailability in mammals. Collectively, these results demonstrate that this new host system provides investigators with a new tool capable of interrogating F. tularensis virulence and immune evasion in situations where mammalian models are not available or appropriate, such as undirected screens of large mutant libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. Eklund
- Russel and Anna Duncan Undergraduate Research Program, College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Osama Mahdi
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Jason F. Huntley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Elliot Collins
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV
| | - Caleb Martin
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV
| | - Joseph Horzempa
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV
| | - Nathan A. Fisher
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
- Drug Development Division, Southern Research, Frederick, MD
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18
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Aller MA, Arias N, Martínez V, Vergara P, Arias J. The gestational power of mast cells in the injured tissue. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:111-116. [PMID: 29101413 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response expressed after wound healing would be the recapitulation of systemic extra-embryonic functions, which would focus on the interstitium of the injured tissue. In the injured tissue, mast cells, provided for a great functional heterogeneity, could play the leading role in the re-expression of extra-embryonic functions, i.e., coelomic-amniotic and trophoblastic-vitelline. Moreover, mast cells would favor the production of a gastrulation-like process, which in certain tissues and organs would induce the regeneration of the injured tissue. Therefore, the engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells and mast cells, both with an extra-embryonic regenerative phenotype, would achieve a blastema, from the repaired and regenerated injured tissue, rather than by fibrosis, which is commonly made through wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Arias
- UCL Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW32PF, UK.,INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patri Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Illnesses (CIBERehd), Carlos II Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Arias
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Many leukemia patients suffer from dysregulation of their immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and leading to general weakening (cachexia). Both adaptive and innate immunity are affected. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an innate immune system, including cells of the myeloid lineage (hemocytes). To study Drosophila immunity and physiology during leukemia, we established three models by driving expression of a dominant-active version of the Ras oncogene (RasV12 ) alone or combined with knockdowns of tumor suppressors in Drosophila hemocytes. Our results show that phagocytosis, hemocyte migration to wound sites, wound sealing, and survival upon bacterial infection of leukemic lines are similar to wild type. We find that in all leukemic models the two major immune pathways (Toll and Imd) are dysregulated. Toll-dependent signaling is activated to comparable extents as after wounding wild-type larvae, leading to a proinflammatory status. In contrast, Imd signaling is suppressed. Finally, we notice that adult tissue formation is blocked and degradation of cell masses during metamorphosis of leukemic lines, which is akin to the state of cancer-dependent cachexia. To further analyze the immune competence of leukemic lines, we used a natural infection model that involves insect-pathogenic nematodes. We identified two leukemic lines that were sensitive to nematode infections. Further characterization demonstrates that despite the absence of behavioral abnormalities at the larval stage, leukemic larvae show reduced locomotion in the presence of nematodes. Taken together, this work establishes new Drosophila models to study the physiological, immunological, and behavioral consequences of various forms of leukemia.
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20
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Montoya M, Dorval T, Bickle M. SLAS Europe High-Content Screening Conference in Dresden: A Glimpse of the Future? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:883-6. [PMID: 27650790 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116662825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Montoya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thierry Dorval
- Biotechnology Chemical-Biology, Insitut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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21
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The danger model approach to the pathogenesis of the rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:506089. [PMID: 25973436 PMCID: PMC4417989 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The danger model was proposed by Polly Matzinger as complement to the traditional self-non-self- (SNS-) model to explain the immunoreactivity. The danger model proposes a central role of the tissular cells' discomfort as an element to prime the immune response processes in opposition to the traditional SNS-model where foreignness is a prerequisite. However recent insights in the proteomics of diverse tissular cells have revealed that under stressful conditions they have a significant potential to initiate, coordinate, and perpetuate autoimmune processes, in many cases, ruling over the adaptive immune response cells; this ruling potential can also be confirmed by observations in several genetically manipulated animal models. Here, we review the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease and provide realistic approaches based on the logic of the danger model. We assume that tissular dysfunction is a prerequisite for chronic autoimmunity and propose two genetically conferred hypothetical roles for the tissular cells causing the disease: (A) the Impaired cell and (B) the paranoid cell. Both roles are not mutually exclusive. Some examples in human disease and in animal models are provided based on current evidence.
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22
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Sterile inflammation in Drosophila. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:369286. [PMID: 25948885 PMCID: PMC4408615 DOI: 10.1155/2015/369286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of immune responses in Drosophila has already yielded significant results with impacts on our understanding of vertebrate immunity, such as the characterization of the Toll receptor. Several recent papers have focused on the humoral response to damage signals rather than pathogens, particularly damage signals from tumour-like tissues generated by loss of cell polarity or chromosomal instability. Both the triggers that generate this sterile inflammation and the systemic and local effects of it are only just beginning to be characterized in Drosophila. Here we review the molecular mechanisms that are known that give rise to the recruitment of Drosophila phagocytes, called hemocytes, as well as the signals, such as TNFα, that stimulated hemocytes emit at sites of perceived damage. The signalling consequences of inflammation, such as the activation of JNK, and the potential for modifying this response are also discussed.
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23
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Apidianakis Y, Ferrandon D. Modeling hologenome imbalances in inflammation and cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:134. [PMID: 25309882 PMCID: PMC4174041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Ferrandon
- UPR9022 CNRS, University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study Strasbourg, France
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24
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Waghmare I, Roebke A, Minata M, Kango-Singh M, Nakano I. Intercellular cooperation and competition in brain cancers: lessons from Drosophila and human studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1262-8. [PMID: 25232184 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. GBM tumors contain heterogeneous cellular components, including a small subpopulation of tumor cells termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized as chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant cells with prominent tumorigenic ability. Studies in Drosophila cancer models demonstrated that interclonal cooperation and signaling from apoptotic clones provokes aggressive growth of neighboring tumorigenic clones, via compensatory proliferation or apoptosis induced proliferation. Mechanistically, these aggressive tumors depend on activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase (upstream of c-JUN), and Drosophila Wnt (Wg) in the apoptotic clones. Consistent with these nonmammalian studies, data from several mammalian studies have shown that c-JUN and Wnt are hyperactivated in aggressive tumors (including GBM). However, it remains elusive whether compensatory proliferation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in cancers. In the present report, we summarize recent studies in Drosophila models and mammalian models (e.g., xenografts of human cancer cells into small animals) to elucidate the intercellular interactions between the apoptosis-prone cancer cells (e.g., non-GSCs) and the hyperproliferative cancer cells (e.g., GSCs). These evolving investigations will yield insights about molecular signaling interactions in the context of post-therapeutic phenotypic changes in human cancers. Furthermore, these studies are likely to revise our understanding of the genetic changes and post-therapeutic cell-cell interactions, which is a vital area of cancer biology with wide applications to many cancer types in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrayani Waghmare
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), Department of Biology, and
| | - Austin Roebke
- PreMedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), Department of Biology, and PreMedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA;
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurological Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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25
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Myllymäki H, Rämet M. JAK/STAT Pathway inDrosophilaImmunity. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:377-85. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Myllymäki
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; BioMediTech; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - M. Rämet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; BioMediTech; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Department of Pediatrics; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical Research Center Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
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