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Bardsley CA, Young MJ, Sharma M, Kessler C, Appolon CB, Schneider KR. Growth Media of Escherichia coli Does Not Affect Its Survival in Soil under Static Conditions. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1842-1847. [PMID: 36150096 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many studies have examined the survival of Escherichia coli and foodborne pathogens in agricultural soils. The results of these studies can be influenced by various growth conditions and growth media used when preparing cultures for an experiment. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the growth curves of rifampin (R)-resistant E. coli in three types of growth media containing R: tryptic soy agar (TSA-R); tryptic soy broth (TSB-R); and poultry pellet extract (PPE-R) and (ii) evaluate the influence of growth media on the survival of E. coli in agricultural soil. Poultry pellet extract (PPE) was prepared by filter sterilizing a 1:10 suspension of heat-treated poultry pellets in sterile water. Generic E. coli (TVS 353) acclimated to 80 μg/mL of R was grown in TSA-R, TSB-R, and PPE-R at 3.0 to 3.5 log CFU/mL and incubated at 37°C. Growth curves were determined by quantifying E. coli populations at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 h. Soil microcosms were inoculated with E. coli (6.0 log CFU/g) previously cultured in one of the three media types and stored at 25°C, and soil samples were quantified for E. coli on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. Growth curves and survival models were generated by using DMFit and GInaFiT, respectively. E. coli growth rates were 0.88, 0.77, and 0.69 log CFU/mL/h in TSA-R, TSB-R, and PPE-R, respectively. E. coli populations in the stationary phase were greater for cultures grown in TSA-R (9.4 log CFU/mL) and TSB-R (9.1 log CFU/mL) compared with PPE-R (7.9 log CFU/mL). The E. coli populations in the soil remained stable up to 3 days before declining. An approximate 2 log CFU/g decline of E. coli in soil was observed for each culture type between days 3 and 7, after which E. coli populations declined more slowly from days 7 to 42. A biphasic shoulder model was used to evaluate E. coli survival in soils on the basis of growth media. Using standardized culture growth preparation may aid in determining the complex interactions of enteric pathogen survival in soils. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Bardsley
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Mason J Young
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Manan Sharma
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705
| | - Christina Kessler
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA
| | - Charles B Appolon
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Keith R Schneider
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
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Guo G, Zhao Y, Liu C, Fu Y, Xi X, Jin L, Shi D, Wang L, Duan Y, Huang J, Tan S, Yin G. Method for persistent topological features extraction of schizophrenia patients' electroencephalography signal based on persistent homology. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:1024205. [PMID: 36277610 PMCID: PMC9579369 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1024205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of network science and graph theory, brain network research has unique advantages in explaining those mental diseases, the neural mechanism of which is unclear. Additionally, it can provide a new perspective in revealing the pathophysiological mechanism of brain diseases from the system level. The selection of threshold plays an important role in brain networks construction. There are no generally accepted criteria for determining the proper threshold. Therefore, based on the topological data analysis of persistent homology theory, this study developed a multi-scale brain network modeling analysis method, which enables us to quantify various persistent topological features at different scales in a coherent manner. In this method, the Vietoris-Rips filtering algorithm is used to extract dynamic persistent topological features by gradually increasing the threshold in the range of full-scale distances. Subsequently, the persistent topological features are visualized using barcodes and persistence diagrams. Finally, the stability of persistent topological features is analyzed by calculating the Bottleneck distances and Wasserstein distances between the persistence diagrams. Experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, this method can extract the topological features of brain networks more accurately and improves the accuracy of diagnostic and classification. This work not only lays a foundation for exploring the higher-order topology of brain functional networks in schizophrenia patients, but also enhances the modeling ability of complex brain systems to better understand, analyze, and predict their dynamic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Guo
- College of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- Institute of Big Data Analysis Technology and Application, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yongcan Fu
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xinhua Xi
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lizhong Jin
- College of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongli Shi
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Guimei Yin
- Laboratory of Data Mining and Machine Learning, College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
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Piveteau P, Druilhe C, Aissani L. What on earth? The impact of digestates and composts from farm effluent management on fluxes of foodborne pathogens in agricultural lands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156693. [PMID: 35700775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of biomass is the cornerstone of sustainable development in the bioeconomy. In this context, digestates and composts from processed agricultural residues and biomasses are returned to the soil. Whether or not the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in these processed biomasses is a threat to the sustainability of the current on-farm practices is still the subject of debate. In this review, we describe the microbial pathogens that may be present in digestates and composts. We then provide an overview of the current European regulation designed to mitigate health hazards linked to the use of organic fertilisers and soil improvers produced from farm biomasses and residues. Finally, we discuss the many factors that underlie the fate of microbial pathogens in the field. We argue that incorporating land characteristics in the management of safety issues connected with the spreading of organic fertilisers and soil improvers can improve the sustainability of biomass recycling.
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Xing J, Sun S, Wang H, Brookes PC, Xu J. Response of soil native microbial community to Eschericia coli O157:H7 invasion. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114225. [PMID: 32220754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Eschericia coli O157:H7 in the natural environment is a serious threat to human health. The native microbial community in soil plays an important role in resisting E. coli O157:H7 invasion. This study examined the responses of soil microbial community to E. coli O157:H7 invasion during a 32-day incubation. The E. coli O157:H7 persisted longer in γ-irradiated soil than non-irradiated soil while glucose addition decreased its persistence in the irradiated soil which was associated with an increasing recovery of the native community. The invasion of E. coli O157:H7 increased soil organic carbon mineralization, an indicator of microbial activity, in both non-irradiated and irradiated soils, while glucose addition significantly promoted the carbon mineralization process. The 16S rRNA sequencing data showed the gradual recovery of the native bacterial population including specific taxa such as proteobacteria and actinobacteria following irradiation. It is concluded that soil microbial function and structure can affect persistence of E. coli O157:H7 and that lower biodiversity of the native community favors its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xing
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Substrates and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Substrates and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Substrates and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Substrates and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Substrates and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Huang G, Liao J, Han Z, Li J, Zhu L, Lyu G, Lu L, Xie Y, Ma J. Interaction between Fungal Communities, Soil Properties, and the Survival of Invading E. coli O157:H7 in Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103516. [PMID: 32443436 PMCID: PMC7277763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens that invade into the soil cancontaminate food and water, andinfect animals and human beings. It is well documented that individual bacterial phyla are well correlated with the survival of E. coliO157 (EcO157), while the interaction betweenthe fungal communities and EcO157 survival remains largely unknown. In this study, soil samples from Tongliao, Siping, and Yanji in northeast China were collected and characterized. Total DNA was extracted for fungal and bacterial community characterization. EcO157 cells were spiked into the soils, and their survival behavior was investigated. Results showed that both fungal and bacterial communities were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and the relative abundances of fungal groups (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes) and some bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, gamma- and delta-Proteobacteria)weresignificantly correlated with ttds (p < 0.01). Soil pH, EC (electric conductance) salinity, and water-soluble nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with survival time (time to reach the detection limit, ttd) (p < 0.05). The structural equation model indicated that fungal communities could directly influence ttds, and soil properties could indirectly influence the ttds through fungal communities. The first log reduction time (δ) was mainly correlated with soil properties, while the shape parameter (p) was largely correlated with fungal communities. Our data indicated that both fungal and bacterial communities were closely correlated (p < 0.05)with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and different fungal and bacterial groups might play different roles. Fungal communities and bacterial communities explained 5.87% and 17.32% of the overall variation of survival parameters, respectively. Soil properties explained about one-third of the overall variation of survival parameters. These findings expand our current understanding of the environmental behavior of human pathogens in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiafen Liao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Z.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Z.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Liyue Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Guangze Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuang Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jincai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-85168429
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Feged-Rivadeneira A, Ángel A, González-Casabianca F, Rivera C. Malaria intensity in Colombia by regions and populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203673. [PMID: 30208075 PMCID: PMC6135511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the distribution of disease prevalence among heterogeneous populations at the national scale is fundamental for epidemiology and public health. Here, we use a combination of methods (spatial scan statistic, topological data analysis and epidemic profile) to study measurable differences in malaria intensity by regions and populations of Colombia. This study explores three main questions: What are the regions of Colombia where malaria is epidemic? What are the regions and populations in Colombia where malaria is endemic? What associations exist between epidemic outbreaks between regions in Colombia? Plasmodium falciparum is most prevalent in the Pacific Coast, some regions of the Amazon Basin, and some regions of the Magdalena Basin. Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent parasite in Colombia, particularly in the Northern Amazon Basin, the Caribbean, and municipalities of Sucre, Antioquia and Cordoba. We find an acute peak of malarial infection at 25 years of age. Indigenous and Afrocolombian populations experience endemic malaria (with household transmission). We find that Plasmodium vivax decreased in the most important hotspots, often with moderate urbanization rate, and was re-introduced to locations with moderate but sustained deforestation. Infection by Plasmodium falciparum, on the other hand, steadily increased in incidence in locations where it was introduced in the 2009-2010 generalized epidemic. Our findings suggest that Colombia is entering an unstable transmission state, where rapid decreases in one location of the country are interconnected with rapid increases in other parts of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urban Management and Design, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrés Ángel
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Camilo Rivera
- Walmartlabs, Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America
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Piangerelli M, Rucco M, Tesei L, Merelli E. Topolnogical classifier for detecting the emergence of epileptic seizures. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:392. [PMID: 29903043 PMCID: PMC6003048 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An innovative method based on topological data analysis is introduced for classifying EEG recordings of patients affected by epilepsy. We construct a topological space from a collection of EEGs signals using Persistent Homology; then, we analyse the space by Persistent entropy, a global topological feature, in order to classify healthy and epileptic signals. RESULTS The performance of the resulting one-feature-based linear topological classifier is tested by analysing the Physionet dataset. The quality of classification is evaluated in terms of the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. It is shown that the linear topological classifier has an AUC equal to [Formula: see text] while the performance of a classifier based on Sample Entropy has an AUC equal to 62.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, IT Italy
| | - Matteo Rucco
- ALES S.r.l.-United Technologies Research Center, Via Praga, 5, 38121 Trento, IT Italy
| | - Luca Tesei
- Computer Science Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, IT Italy
| | - Emanuela Merelli
- Computer Science Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, IT Italy
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Duponchel L. Exploring hyperspectral imaging data sets with topological data analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:123-131. [PMID: 29289301 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Duponchel
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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J.M.K.J.K. P, New C, A. U, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, R. S. Risk of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection linked to the consumption of beef. FOOD RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.3.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Savic A, Toth G, Duponchel L. Topological data analysis (TDA) applied to reveal pedogenetic principles of European topsoil system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1091-1100. [PMID: 28215809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in applied mathematics are bringing new tools that are capable to synthesize knowledge in various disciplines, and help in finding hidden relationships between variables. One such technique is topological data analysis (TDA), a fusion of classical exploration techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), and a topological point of view applied to clustering of results. Various phenomena have already received new interpretations thanks to TDA, from the proper choice of sport teams to cancer treatments. For the first time, this technique has been applied in soil science, to show the interaction between physical and chemical soil attributes and main soil-forming factors, such as climate and land use. The topsoil data set of the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame survey (LUCAS) was used as a comprehensive database that consists of approximately 20,000 samples, each described by 12 physical and chemical parameters. After the application of TDA, results obtained were cross-checked against known grouping parameters including five types of land cover, nine types of climate and the organic carbon content of soil. Some of the grouping characteristics observed using standard approaches were confirmed by TDA (e.g., organic carbon content) but novel subtle relationships (e.g., magnitude of anthropogenic effect in soil formation), were discovered as well. The importance of this finding is that TDA is a unique mathematical technique capable of extracting complex relations hidden in soil science data sets, giving the opportunity to see the influence of physicochemical, biotic and abiotic factors on topsoil formation through fresh eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Savic
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Bâtiment C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Gergely Toth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR 8516, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Bâtiment C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Multilevel Integration Entropies: The Case of Reconstruction of Structural Quasi-Stability in Building Complex Datasets. ENTROPY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/e19040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Long-term survival of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak strain on fenugreek seeds. Food Microbiol 2016; 59:190-5. [PMID: 27375259 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 occurred in Germany in 2011. The epidemiological investigation revealed that a contaminated batch of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was the most probable source of the pathogen. It was suggested that the most probable point of contamination was prior to leaving the importer, meaning that the seed contamination with STEC O104:H4 should have happened more than one year before the seeds were used for sprout production. Here, we investigated the capacity of STEC O104:H4 and closely related pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strains for long-term survival on dry fenugreek seeds. We did not observe a superior survival capacity of STEC O104:H4 on dry seeds. For none of the strains tested cultivatable cells were found without enrichment on contaminated seeds after more than 24 weeks of storage. Our findings suggest that contamination previous to the distribution from the importer may be less likely than previously assumed. We show that seeds contaminated with E. coli in extremely high numbers can be completely sterilized by a short treatment with bleach. This simple and cheap procedure does not affect the germination capacity of the seeds and could significantly improve safety in sprout production.
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Rucco M, Castiglione F, Merelli E, Pettini M. Characterisation of the Idiotypic Immune Network Through Persistent Entropy. PROCEEDINGS OF ECCS 2014 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29228-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Topological Characterization of Complex Systems: Using Persistent Entropy. ENTROPY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/e17106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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