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Vecilla DF, Grande JR, Valcárcel NF, Toboso MCN, Gutiérrez MJU, Muro FEC, Ocampo-Sosa A, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. Two episodes of bacteremia of zoonotic origin caused by different Streptococcus canis isolates in the same patient within a time span of 1 year. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:383-387. [PMID: 37996728 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Two episodes of bacteremia of cutaneous origin in a female patient were caused by two unrelated Streptococcus canis isolates within 1-year interval between the two infection episodes. The most likelihood transmission route in both episodes was a dog pet that habitually licked patient´s legs. Isolates were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibility test and whole genome sequencing. They belonged to sequence type (ST) 40 and 43, respectively. The ST40 isolate harboured antimicrobial resistance genes aadE, ermB and tetO, displaying resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracyclines, while ST43 isolate did not presented any known antimicrobial resistance determinant and was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. S. canis infections are rare in human; however, attention is needed for patients at risk with companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez Grande
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Av. Valdecilla S/N, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Nuria Fraile Valcárcel
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Av. Valdecilla S/N, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Carmen Nieto Toboso
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Felicitas Elena Calvo Muro
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Alain Ocampo-Sosa
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Av. Valdecilla S/N, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
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2
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Lapschies AM, Aubry E, Kohler TP, Goldmann O, Hammerschmidt S, Nerlich A, Eichhorn I, van Vorst K, Fulde M. The type-2 Streptococcus canis M protein SCM-2 binds fibrinogen and facilitates antiphagocytic properties. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1228472. [PMID: 37965557 PMCID: PMC10641296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus canis is a zoonotic agent that causes severe invasive diseases in domestic animals and humans, but little is known about its pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms so far. SCM, the M-like protein expressed by S. canis, is considered one of the major virulence determinants. Here, we report on the two distinct groups of SCM. SCM-1 proteins were already described to interact with its ligands IgG and plasminogen as well as with itself and confer antiphagocytic capability of SCM-1 expressing bacterial isolates. In contrast, the function of SCM-2 type remained unclear to date. Using whole-genome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics, FACS analysis, fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, we demonstrate that, although different in amino acid sequence, a selection of diverse SCM-2-type S. canis isolates, phylogenetically representing the full breadth of SCM-2 sequences, were able to bind fibrinogen. Using targeted mutagenesis of an SCM-2 isolate, we further demonstrated that this strain was significantly less able to survive in canine blood. With respect to similar studies showing a correlation between fibrinogen binding and survival in whole blood, we hypothesize that SCM-2 has an important contribution to the pathogenesis of S. canis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje-Maria Lapschies
- Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Etienne Aubry
- Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Kohler
- Centre for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- Infection Immunology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Centre for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Genome Competence Centre (MF1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kira van Vorst
- Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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[Streptococcus canis as a cause of osteosynthesis material and myositis]. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:315-317. [PMID: 36710163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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4
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Imanishi I, Iyori K, Také A, Asahina R, Tsunoi M, Hirano R, Uchiyama J, Toyoda Y, Sakaguchi Y, Hayashi S. Antibiotic-resistant status and pathogenic clonal complex of canine Streptococcus canis-associated deep pyoderma. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:395. [DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Streptococcus canis causes deep pyoderma in canines, which raises concerns about the risk of isolates from lesions acquiring an antibiotic-resistant phenotype. It is necessary to identify effective antibiotics and the characteristics of the pathogenic cluster for S. canis-associated deep pyoderma.
Results
The signalment, molecular typing, and antibiotic-resistant status of S. canis isolated from deep pyoderma lesions (27 strains) and oral cavities (26 strains) were analyzed. Older dogs tended to have S. canis-associated deep pyoderma (15 of 27 dogs over 10 years old). Veterinarians chose quinolones for 10/16 cases (63%), even though the rate of quinolone-resistant strains of S. canis is 38–59%. Although 70% of the strains showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes (37/53), 94% (50/53) strains showed sensitivity for penicillins. We also identified β-lactamase activity among penicillin-resistant strains of S. canis. Clonal complex 13 (CC13) was detected only in lesions and formed independent clusters in the phylogenetic tree. One strain of CC13 was resistant to the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drugs, vancomycin and linezolid.
Conclusion
Although antibiotic-resistant strains of S. canis are isolated at a high rate, they can currently be treated with β-lactamase-inhibiting penicillins. CC13 may be a pathogenic cluster with high levels of antibiotics resistance.
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Fernández Vecilla D, Díez Renovales F, Díaz de Tuesta del Arco JL. Streptococcus canis como agente causal de infección de material de osteosíntesis y miositis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Streptococcus canis, the underdog of the genus. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fukushima Y, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Biofilm production ability and other microbiological features of Streptococcus canis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:63-69. [PMID: 34193659 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed biofilm production ability (BPA) and other microbiological features of Streptococcus canis strains. Companion animal-origin 40 strains from each year (2015/2017) were randomly selected with the host information, and three blood-origin strains from 2 humans/1 dog were included. We measured BPA using crystal violet staining, along with S. canis M-like protein (SCM) allele typing, sequence type (ST) determination, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping, and virulence-associated gene profiling (gbp-ap1-fp1-brp). BPA measurements revealed that 35 strains with BPA and 48 strains without BPA. There was association of the producer with isolation year (2017). We found association between the non-producer and SCM allele 1/ST9: there was association of the producer with SCM allele 10/ST21. We observed correlation between the producer and presence of AMR genotypes. There was association between the producer and ap1 detection and between non-producer and gbp detection. Our observations suggest the correlation between the producer and other microbiological features (isolation year/SCM allele type 10/ST21/presence of AMR genotypes/ap1 detection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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Eibl C, Baumgartner M, Urbantke V, Sigmund M, Lichtmannsperger K, Wittek T, Spergser J. An Outbreak of Subclinical Mastitis in a Dairy Herd Caused by a Novel Streptococcus canis Sequence Type (ST55). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020550. [PMID: 33672442 PMCID: PMC7923261 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although Streptococcus (S). canis is mainly isolated from carnivores, intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by this bacterium have been reported. Cats and dogs with access to the barn have been considered as the main source of these infections. Here, we report subclinical mastitis and substantially increased bulk milk somatic cell counts in a dairy herd. During a herd visit, management and hygiene practices were evaluated and data from the milk quality control program were retrieved. Furthermore, quarter milk samples, mucosal swabs from farm cats and a dog, and swabs from the milking unit were aseptically collected. The samples were examined bacteriologically, and S. canis was identified using conventional phenotypic methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Genetic relationships between S. canis isolates were determined by multilocus sequence typing, revealing that all S. canis isolates shared the same sequence type, presenting a new combination of alleles for which a new number (ST55) was assigned. As the most likely source of intramammary infection, a farmyard cat was identified. The concurrent treatment of all positive cows and the improvement of management (no further access of carnivores to the barn) lead to positive results, including a decreased somatic cell count. Abstract The present case report provides data on the phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. canis isolated from nine dairy cows with subclinical mastitis (SCC greater than 200,000 cells/mL in the quarter milk sample, no clinical signs) and from a cat living in the barn and reports the eradication of the pathogen from the herd with an automatic milking system. The isolates were identified using conventional bacteriology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and genetic relationships were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Udder health management and hygiene instructions comprised the removal of the carnivores from the barn, strict monitoring of milking hygiene and techniques to avoid new infections via the milking robot, with simultaneous therapy for all infected cows. Phenotypic and genotypic properties of all isolates were identical. MLST revealed a unique sequence type (ST55) and a farmyard cat was identified as the most likely source of the S. canis infection in cows. The simultaneous treatment of all infected cows and management and hygiene improvements lead to a decreased SCC within four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Eibl
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-5203
| | - Martina Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Verena Urbantke
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Michael Sigmund
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Katharina Lichtmannsperger
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (V.U.); (M.S.); (K.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020350. [PMID: 33578962 PMCID: PMC7916692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals are sentinels for the marine ecosystem and threatened by numerous factors including infectious diseases. One of the most frequently isolated bacteria are beta-hemolytic streptococci. However, knowledge on ecology and epidemiology of streptococcal species in marine mammals is very limited. This review summarizes published reports on streptococcal species, which have been detected in marine mammals. Furthermore, we discuss streptococcal transmission between and adaptation to their marine mammalian hosts. We conclude that streptococci colonize and/or infect marine mammals very frequently, but in many cases, streptococci isolated from marine mammals have not been further identified. How these bacteria disseminate and adapt to their specific niches can only be speculated due to the lack of respective research. Considering the relevance of pathogenic streptococci for marine mammals as part of the marine ecosystem, it seems that they have been neglected and should receive scientific interest in the future.
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Cornax I, Zulk J, Olson J, Fulde M, Nizet V, Patras KA. Novel Models of Streptococcus canis Colonization and Disease Reveal Modest Contributions of M-Like (SCM) Protein. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010183. [PMID: 33467030 PMCID: PMC7829700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus canis is a common colonizing bacterium of the urogenital tract of cats and dogs that can also cause invasive disease in these animal populations and in humans. Although the virulence mechanisms of S. canis are not well-characterized, an M-like protein, SCM, has recently identified been as a potential virulence factor. SCM is a surface-associated protein that binds to host plasminogen and IgGs suggesting its possible importance in host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we developed in vitro and ex vivo blood component models and murine models of S. canis vaginal colonization, systemic infection, and dermal infection to compare the virulence potential of the zoonotic S. canis vaginal isolate G361 and its isogenic SCM-deficient mutant (G361∆scm). We found that while S. canis establishes vaginal colonization and causes invasive disease in vivo, the contribution of the SCM protein to virulence phenotypes in these models is modest. We conclude that SCM is dispensable for invasive disease in murine models and for resistance to human blood components ex vivo, but may contribute to mucosal persistence, highlighting a potential contribution to the recently appreciated genetic diversity of SCM across strains and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Cornax
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (I.C.); (J.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Jacob Zulk
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Joshua Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (I.C.); (J.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (I.C.); (J.O.); (V.N.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kathryn A Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Yoshida H, Goto M, Fukushima Y, Maeda T, Tsuyuki Y, Takahashi T. Intracellular Invasion Ability and Associated Microbiological Characteristics of Streptococcus canis in Isolates from Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:129-136. [PMID: 32863352 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cell invasion ability (CIA) of Streptococcus canis isolates, and clarified the relationship between high-frequency CIA and its microbiological features. Of the companion animal-origin isolates (n = 117) that were obtained in 2017, 40 isolates were randomly selected with the host information, with two human blood-origin isolates included. CIA was measured using human colon carcinoma epithelium and the hemolytic activity (HA) using sheep blood, along with S. canis M-like protein (SCM) allele typing, sequence type (ST) determination, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping. CIA measurements revealed that 19 and 24 isolates had high- and low-frequencies, respectively. HA assessment revealed that 24 and 19 isolates were categorized as high- and low- level, respectively. No difference was observed in the high-/low-level HA between the high- /low-frequency CIA populations. A significant difference was found in the high-/low-frequency CIA between the SCM group I/II populations. Additionally, a significantly higher CIA was found in the SCM allele type 10/type 11 than in the others. A significant association was observed between high-frequency CIA and the ST21/ST41 populations. No difference was found in the high-/low-frequency CIA between the presence and absence of the AMR phenotype/genotype. These observations suggest a relationship between high-frequency CIA and its microbiological characteristics (SCM allele type 10/type 11 or ST21/ST41).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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12
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Novel diverse sequences of the Streptococcus canis M-like protein (SCM) gene and their prevalence in diseased companion animals: Association of their alleles with sequence types. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:908-915. [PMID: 32354600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine novel alleles and their prevalence in Streptococcus canis M-like protein (SCM) and to elucidate association of their alleles with sequence types (STs)/clonal complexes (CCs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes/genotypes. METHODS We amplified and sequenced scm, by using primers reported by Pinho recently, for 40 isolates in 2015 and 2017, in which the sequences could not be determined with conventional primers. Isolates, for which SCM alleles, STs, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes were previously determined, were included as controls. A phylogenetic tree of SCM amino acid sequences was constructed. Alleles, based on the tree positions with their prevalence, as well as STs/CCs and AMR phenotypes/genotypes were characterized. RESULTS Although one isolate possessed SCM allele type 1, 39 isolates had novel allele types 10-15, based on cluster analysis. The 11 and 12 allele types were firstly found in this study. We designated novel allele types as group II and non-novel allele types as group I. Prevalence of group II alleles was 29.9% and 16.2% in 2015 and 2017. Prevalent group II types were allele 10 (10.3%), allele 11 (2.7%), and allele 15 (3.3%) through both periods. There was a significant difference in distribution of STs/CCs between groups I/II SCM populations. We found significant differences in distribution of macrolide/lincosamide AMR genotype (7.7% vs. 26.8%) and AMR rates of fluoroquinolone (0% vs. 12.5%) between the two populations. CONCLUSION Our study presents group II scm sequences and their prevalence among diseased companion animals in Japan, with association of their alleles with STs.
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13
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Fukushima Y, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Novel Quinolone Nonsusceptible Streptococcus canis Strains with Point Mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Their Related Factors. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:242-249. [PMID: 32009056 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated quinolone nonsusceptible Streptococcus canis with point mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). After selecting targets from 185 isolates, we tested antimicrobial susceptibility using levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. We also determined the amino acid sequences of QRDRs in gyrA/gyrB/parC/parE genes and their point mutations. Finally, we performed S. canis-derived M-like protein (SCM) allele typing, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial resistance genotyping. Correlations between nonsusceptible strains and their related factors were examined. We found 13 (7.0%) nonsusceptible isolates consisting of two classes, high-level minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (n = 7, 3.8%) and low-level MICs (n = 6, 3.2%). Mutations Ser81Phe/Ser81Tyr/Glu85Lys in gyrA, Ser67Phe/Ser67Tyr/Asp71Tyr in parC, Asp438Asn in parE, and Gly408Asp in gyrB were observed in these nonsusceptible strains. Common mutations included Ser81 and Ser67/Asp71; additionally, we found one strain each with Glu85, Asp438, and Gly408 mutations. There was a significant correlation between nonsusceptible isolates and the presence of SCM allele type 2, sequence type 46, tetracyclineresistance genes, and macrolide/lincosamide-resistance genes. These results could be used in future, by veterinarians while treating companion animals with clinical symptoms of streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
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One Health and Streptococcus Canis in the Emergency Department: A Case of Cellulitis and Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Patient Treated With Etanercept. J Emerg Med 2019; 58:e129-e132. [PMID: 31806433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One Health is a biomedical approach that aims to optimize the health of humans, animals, and the environment through interdisciplinary collaboration. Cellulitis is an infection of the dermis and subcutaneous fat that may be caused by zoonotic streptococci species. CASE REPORT We report a case of cellulitis caused by Streptococcus canis in a woman who was taking Etanercept. We frame the presentation within a One Health approach and urge emergency physicians to collaborate with veterinarians in the management of patients with zoonotic diseases who are discharged home. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Pets are a source for zoonotic diseases, including resistant bacteria, that pose particular risk to immunocompromised patients. Emergency physicians often discharge patients with potential zoonotic infections such as cellulitis home without a long-term, holistic care plan, according to a One Health approach. Physicians should then collaborate with veterinarians in caring for humans and animals.
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15
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Turner CE, Bubba L, Efstratiou A. Pathogenicity Factors in Group C and G Streptococci. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0020-2018. [PMID: 31111818 PMCID: PMC11026075 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0020-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially recognized zoonoses, streptococci belonging to Lancefield group C (GCS) and G (GGS) were subsequently recognised as human pathogens causing a diverse range of symptoms, from asymptomatic carriage to life threatening diseases. Their taxonomy has changed during the last decade. Asymptomatic carriage is <4% amongst the human population and invasive infections are often in association with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or chronic skin infections. Other clinical manifestations include acute pharyngitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteraemia and toxic-shock syndrome. Post streptococcal sequalae such as rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis have also been described but mainly in developed countries and amongst specific populations. Putative virulence determinants for these organisms include adhesins, toxins, and other factors that are essential for dissemination in human tissues and for interference with the host immune responses. High nucleotide similarities among virulence genes and their association with mobile genetic elements supports the hypothesis of extensive horizontal gene transfer events between the various pyogenic streptococcal species belonging to Lancefield groups A, C and G. A better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis should be apparent by whole-genome sequencing, and this would result in more effective clinical strategies for the pyogenic group in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Turner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Bubba
- Reference Microbiology Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- Reference Microbiology Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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Nerlich A, Lapschies AM, Kohler TP, Cornax I, Eichhorn I, Goldmann O, Krienke P, Bergmann S, Nizet V, Hammerschmidt S, Rohde M, Fulde M. Homophilic protein interactions facilitate bacterial aggregation and IgG-dependent complex formation by the Streptococcus canis M protein SCM. Virulence 2019; 10:194-206. [PMID: 30829556 PMCID: PMC6527014 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1589362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus canis is a zoonotic agent that causes serious invasive diseases in domestic animals and humans, but knowledge about its pathogenic potential and underlying virulence mechanisms is limited. Here, we report on the ability of certain S. canis isolates to form large bacterial aggregates when grown in liquid broth. Bacterial aggregation was attributed to the presence and the self-binding activity of SCM, the M protein of S. canis, as evaluated by bacterial sedimentation assays, immunofluorescence- and electron microscopic approaches. Using a variety of truncated recombinant SCM fragments, we demonstrated that homophilic SCM interactions occur via the N-terminal, but not the C-terminal part, of the mature M protein. Interestingly, when incubated in human plasma, SCM forms soluble protein complexes comprising its known ligands, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plasminogen (Plg). Co-incubation studies with purified host proteins revealed that SCM-mediated complex formation is based on the interaction of SCM with itself and with IgG, but not with Plg or fibrinogen (Fbg), well-established constituents of M protein-mediated protein complexes in human-associated streptococci. Notably, these soluble, SCM-mediated plasma complexes harbored complement factor C1q, which can induce complement breakdown in the periphery and therefore represent another immune evasion mechanism of SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nerlich
- a Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.,b Department of Medical Microbiology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Antje-Maria Lapschies
- c Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas P Kohler
- d Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- e Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , UC San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- c Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- f Infection Immunology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Petra Krienke
- c Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Simone Bergmann
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.,g Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Microbiology , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Victor Nizet
- e Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , UC San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- d Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.,h Central Facility for Microscopy , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.,c Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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17
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Of the eight phylogenetic groups comprising the genus
Streptococcus
, Lancefield group C and G streptococci (GCS and GGS, resp.) occupy four of them, including the Pyogenic, Anginosus, and Mitis groups, and one Unnamed group so far. These organisms thrive as opportunistic commensals in both humans and animals but may also be associated with clinically serious infections, often resembling those due to their closest genetic relatives, the group A streptoccci (GAS). Advances in molecular genetics, taxonomic approaches and phylogenomic studies have led to the establishment of at least 12 species, several of which being subdivided into subspecies. This review summarizes these advances, citing 264 early and recent references. It focuses on the molecular structure and genetic regulation of clinically important proteins associated with the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular environment. The article also addresses the question of how, based on the current knowledge, basic research and translational medicine might proceed to further advance our understanding of these multifaceted organisms. Particular emphasis in this respect is placed on streptokinase as the protein determining the host specificity of infection and the Rsh-mediated stringent response with its potential for supporting bacterial survival under nutritional stress conditions.
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18
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Pinho MD, Foster G, Pomba C, Machado MP, Baily JL, Kuiken T, Melo-Cristino J, Ramirez M. Streptococcus canis Are a Single Population Infecting Multiple Animal Hosts Despite the Diversity of the Universally Present M-Like Protein SCM. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:631. [PMID: 30984150 PMCID: PMC6450190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus canis is an animal pathogen which occasionally causes infections in humans. The S. canis M-like protein (SCM) encoded by the scm gene, is its best characterized virulence factor but previous studies suggested it could be absent in a substantial fraction of isolates. We studied the distribution and variability of the scm gene in 188 S. canis isolates recovered from companion animals (n = 152), wild animal species (n = 20), and humans (n = 14). Multilocus sequence typing, including the first characterization of wildlife isolates, showed that the same lineages are present in all animal hosts, raising the possibility of extensive circulation between species. Whole-genome analysis revealed that emm-like genes found previously in S. canis correspond to divergent scm genes, indicating that what was previously believed to correspond to two genes is in fact the same scm locus. We designed primers allowing for the first time the successful amplification of the scm gene in all isolates. Analysis of the scm sequences identified 12 distinct types, which could be divided into two clusters: group I (76%, n = 142) and group II (24%, n = 46) sharing little sequence similarity. The predicted group I SCM showed extensive similarity with each other outside of the N-terminal hypervariable region and a conserved IgG binding domain. This domain was absent from group II SCM variants found in isolates previously thought to lack the scm gene, which also showed greater amino acid variability. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the possible host interacting partners of the group II SCM variants and their role in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Pinho
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Constança Pomba
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Machado
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johanna L Baily
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - José Melo-Cristino
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Ramirez
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Prevalence and diversity of M-like protein (SCM) gene in Streptococcus canis isolates from diseased companion animals in Japan: Implication of SCM allele. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:120-124. [PMID: 30322523 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus canis (Sc)-origin M-like protein (SCM) binds to plasminogen and immunoglobulin G and facilitates anti-phagocytic properties. We aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of the scm gene in Sc isolates from diseased companion animals in Japan and to propose potential SCM alleles of amino acid (AA) sequences. We collected β-hemolytic streptococci from diseased animals with host information nationwide in 2015 and 2017. After Sc identification and scm gene amplification and sequencing, the gene's prevalence and relationship between its presence and host information were determined. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees of AA sequences were constructed, and classification and distribution of SCM alleles based on variations of AA sequences were conducted. The scm detection rates were 70.6% (n = 48, 2015) and 82.9% (n = 97, 2017). There was a relationship between scm presence and Tokyo in 2015 and 2017. We found an association between scm detection and dogs in 2017 alone. Major sequence sizes were 1311 bp, 1308 bp, and 1305 bp. Using the phylogenetic trees of AA sequences, we confirmed shared positions of five identical sequence patterns in both periods. Nine SCM alleles were determined with six signal-peptide types. Most prevalent alleles were type 1, type 2, and type 4 in both periods. Our observations suggest prevalence and diversity of scm in animal-origin Sc isolates in Japan.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus canis Clinical Strain TA4, Harboring the M-Like Protein Gene and Isolated in Japan from a Patient with Bacteremia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/3/e01469-17. [PMID: 29348346 PMCID: PMC5773731 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01469-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus canis is an animal-origin β-hemolytic bacterium that can cause severe infections in animals and occasionally infects humans. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of an S. canis strain harboring the M-like protein gene. This strain was isolated from a patient with bacteremia (reported by Taniyama et al. [D. Taniyama, Y. Abe, T. Sakai, T. Kikuchi, and T. Takahashi, IDCases 7:48–52, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2017.01.002]). The draft genome comprises 2,129,080 bp in 60 contigs.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Zoonotic Streptococcus canis Isolate G361. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/38/e00967-17. [PMID: 28935736 PMCID: PMC5609415 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00967-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an SCM-positive Streptococcus canis strain, G361, isolated from a vaginal swab of a 40-year-old woman. The draft genome comprises 2,045,931 bp in 62 contigs.
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