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Bibbò S, Porcari S, Del Vecchio LE, Severino A, Mullish BH, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G. Gut microbiota and immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2268982. [PMID: 37955340 PMCID: PMC10653624 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2268982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has recently been proposed as a key player in cancer development and progression. Several studies have reported that the composition of the gut microbiome plays a role in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The gut microbiome modulation has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer, mainly in patients undergoing therapy with ICIs. In particular, modulation through probiotics, FMT or other microbiome-related approaches have proven effective to improve the response to ICIs. In this review, we examine the role of the gut microbiome in enhancing clinical responses to ICIs in the treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bibbò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Livio Enrico Del Vecchio
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Severino
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Saviano A, Petruzziello C, Brigida M, Morabito Loprete MR, Savioli G, Migneco A, Ojetti V. Gut Microbiota Alteration and Its Modulation with Probiotics in Celiac Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2638. [PMID: 37893012 PMCID: PMC10603901 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed people. Recent literature studies highlight the possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of this disease. The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that can interact with the innate and adaptative immune systems. A condition of dysbiosis, which refers to an alteration in the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, can lead to a dysregulated immune response. This condition may contribute to triggering gluten intolerance, favoring the development and/or progression of CD in genetically susceptible patients. Interestingly, studies on children and adults with CD showed a different microbiome profile in fecal samples, with a different degree of "activity" for the disease. From this point of view, our review aimed to collect and discuss modern evidence about the alteration of the gut microbiota and its modulation with probiotics, with possible future indications in the management of patients affected by CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saviano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmine Petruzziello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Care and Research, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Brigida
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Morabito Loprete
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo University Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alessio Migneco
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Verschaffelt P, Tanca A, Abbondio M, Van Den Bossche T, Moortele TV, Dawyndt P, Martens L, Mesuere B. Unipept Desktop 2.0: Construction of Targeted Reference Protein Databases for Metaproteogenomics Analyses. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2620-2628. [PMID: 37459443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unipept Desktop 2.0 is the most recent iteration of the Unipept Desktop tool that adds support for the analysis of metaproteogenomics datasets. Unipept Desktop now supports the automatic construction of targeted protein reference databases that only contain proteins (originating from the UniProtKB resource) associated with a predetermined list of taxa. This improves both the taxonomic and functional resolution of a metaproteomic analysis and yields several technical advantages. By limiting the proteins present in a reference database, it is also possible to perform (meta)proteogenomics analyses. Since the protein reference database resides on the user's local machine, they have complete control over the database used during an analysis. Data no longer need to be transmitted over the Internet, decreasing the time required for an analysis and better safeguarding privacy-sensitive data. As a proof of concept, we present a case study in which a human gut metaproteome dataset is analyzed with Unipept Desktop 2.0 using different targeted databases based on matched 16S rRNA gene sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Verschaffelt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Abbondio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Tibo Vande Moortele
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dawyndt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Mesuere
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Alhanshali L, Buontempo MG, Lo Sicco KI, Shapiro J. Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:803-820. [PMID: 37025396 PMCID: PMC10072216 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s376096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss disorder with variations in distribution, duration, and severity. The disease is chronic and often follows an unpredictable course, frequently leading to stress and anxiety for those who suffer from it. Throughout the years more knowledge has been gained regarding pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, impact on quality of life, as well as treatment strategies for alopecia areata. However, challenges in treating and alleviating the burden of disease remain. In this article, we discuss updates regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata and highlight unmet needs of the condition, including a review of limitations of current treatments, accessibility to management strategies, and the need for disease awareness and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Alhanshali
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Buontempo
- Department of Dermatology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Kristen I Lo Sicco
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Jerry Shapiro, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA, Email
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Effect of Isoleucine and Added Valine on Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Gut Microbiota Composition of Pigs Fed with Very Low Protein Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314886. [PMID: 36499225 PMCID: PMC9740036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known whether a combination Ile and added Val improves the growth of pigs offered very low protein (VLP) diets through changes in nutrients digestibility and gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of Val above and Ile at NRC levels on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty, weaned piglets were assigned to: positive control: normal-protein-diet; negative control (NC): VLP diet supplemented with first four limiting amino acids; VA: NC with Val above NRC; IL: NC with Ile at NRC level; VAIL: NC with Val above and Ile at NRC levels. While both VAIL and VA groups completely recovered the inhibitory effects of VLP diets on feed intake, only VAIL partially recovered the negative effects of VLP diets on growth performance. VAIL and VA increased the thermal radiation and decreased the digestibility of nitrogen. NC increased the relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in the colon. VAIL had a higher abundance of colonic Actinobacteria, Enterococcus, and Brevibacillus and the colon content of VA was more enriched with Mogibacterium. Overall, VAIL partially improved the growth performance which is likely linked with alterations in gut microbiota composition.
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Belvoncikova P, Maronek M, Gardlik R. Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810729. [PMID: 36142642 PMCID: PMC9503867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has recently been reported in a number of clinical states, including neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Yet, it is not completely understood how colonizing microorganisms are implicated in their pathophysiology and molecular pathways. There are a number of suggested mechanisms of how gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers or sustains extraintestinal diseases; however, none of these have been widely accepted as part of the disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have proposed that gut microbiota and its metabolites could play a pivotal role in the modulation of immune system responses and the development of autoimmunity in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis or type 1 diabetes. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a valuable tool for uncovering the role of gut microbiota in the pathological processes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about gut microbiota dysbiosis and the potential of FMT in studying the pathogeneses and therapies of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we discuss the extraintestinal autoimmune pathologies with at least one published or ongoing FMT study in human or animal models.
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Dore MP, Sau R, Niolu C, Abbondio M, Tanca A, Bibbò S, Loria M, Pes GM, Uzzau S. Metagenomic Changes of Gut Microbiota following Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection with a Simplified Low-Dose Quadruple Therapy with Bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142789. [PMID: 35889746 PMCID: PMC9316840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotic supplementation to antibiotic regimens against Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to improve eradication rate and to decrease detrimental effects on gut microbiota. Aims: To evaluate microbiota modifications due to a low-dose quadruple therapy with bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri. Methods: Forty-six patients infected with H. pylori were prospectively enrolled in a single-centre, randomized controlled trial to receive b.i.d. with meals for 10 days low-dose quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole 20 mg and bismuth (two capsules of Pylera® plus 250 mg each of tetracycline and metronidazole), or the same dose of rabeprazole and antibiotics plus Gastrus® (L. reuteri), one tablet twice-a-day for 27 days. Stool samples were collected at the enrolment, at the end and 30–40 days after the treatment. Gut microbiota composition was investigated with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Eradication rate was by ITT 78% in both groups, and by PP analysis 85.7% and 95.5% for Gastrus® and bismuth group, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity decreased at the end of treatment and was associated with a reduction of bacterial genera beneficial for gut homeostasis, which was rescued 30–40 days later in both groups, suggesting a similar impact of the two regimens in challenging bacterial community complexity. Conclusions: Low-dose bismuth quadruple therapy proved to be effective with lower costs and amount of antibiotics and bismuth. Gastrus® might be an option for patients with contraindications to bismuth. L. reuteri was unable to significantly counteract dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. How to administer probiotics to prevent gut microbiota alterations remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.N.); (M.L.); (G.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229886
| | - Rosangela Sau
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Caterina Niolu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.N.); (M.L.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Marcello Abbondio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariafrancesca Loria
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.N.); (M.L.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.N.); (M.L.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (S.U.)
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Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and protease on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:39-48. [PMID: 35949988 PMCID: PMC9344314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils (EO) and protease (PRO), independently or in combination, on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. One hundred and sixty weaned pigs (21 d of age, BW of 6.74 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included the following: 1) control diet (CON), 2) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils (EO), 3) CON with 500 mg/kg protease (PRO), 4) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease (EO + PRO). On d 8, one pig from each pen was selected for sampling. The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period. Dietary treatments had no marked effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance of pigs. However, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and tended to decrease (P = 0.063) serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) abundances of phylum Actinobacteria, and genera Bifidobacterium, and lower (P < 0.05) phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta. Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diamine oxidase activity, increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum, increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa, and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of EO and PRO was observed (P < 0.05) for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-α concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity. Collectively, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs. EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota, while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs.
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Haro C, Guzmán-López MH, Marín-Sanz M, Sánchez-León S, Vaquero L, Pastor J, Comino I, Sousa C, Vivas S, Landa BB, Barro F. Consumption of Tritordeum Bread Reduces Immunogenic Gluten Intake without Altering the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101439. [PMID: 35627010 PMCID: PMC9142130 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the wheat breadmaking quality. However, gluten is also related to human pathologies for which the only treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). GFD has gained popularity among individuals who want to reduce their gluten intake. Tritordeum is a cereal species that originated after crossing durum wheat with wild barley and differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In this work, we have characterized the immunogenic epitopes of tritordeum bread and results from a four-phase study with healthy adults for preferences of bread and alterations in the gut microbiota after consuming wheat bread, gluten-free bread, and tritordeum bread are reported. Tritordeum presented fewer peptides related to gluten proteins, CD-epitopes, and IgE binding sites than bread wheat. Participants rated tritordeum bread higher than gluten-free bread. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the adherence to a strict GFD involves some minor changes, especially altering the species producing short-chain fatty acids. However, the short-term consumption of tritordeum bread does not induce significant changes in the diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy individuals. Therefore, tritordeum bread could be an alternative for healthy individuals without wheat-related pathologies who want to reduce their gluten consumption without harming their gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Haro
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - María H. Guzmán-López
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vaquero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Jorge Pastor
- Novapan, S.L., C/Chopo, 68-70, 50171 La Puebla de Alfinden, Spain;
| | - Isabel Comino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Santiago Vivas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
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Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy, and levothyroxine is frequently prescribed. Despite the basic tenets of initiating and adjusting levothyroxine being agreed on, there are many nuances and complexities to consistently maintaining euthyroidism. Understanding the impact of patient weight and residual thyroid function on initial levothyroxine dosage and consideration of age, comorbidities, thyrotropin goal, life stage, and quality of life as levothyroxine is adjusted can be challenging and continually evolving. Because levothyroxine is a lifelong medication, it is important to avoid risks from periods of overtreatment or undertreatment. For the subset of patients not restored to baseline health with levothyroxine, causes arising from all aspects of the patient's life (coexistent medical conditions, stressors, lifestyle, psychosocial factors) should be broadly considered. If such factors do not appear to be contributing, and biochemical euthyroidism has been successfully maintained, there may be benefit to a trial of combination therapy with levothyroxine and liothyronine. This is not supported by the majority of randomized clinical trials, but may be supported by other studies providing lower-quality evidence and by animal studies. Given this discrepancy, it is important that any trial of combination therapy be continued only as long as a patient benefit is being enjoyed. Monitoring for adverse effects, particularly in older or frail individuals, is necessary and combination therapy should not be used during pregnancy. A sustained-release liothyronine preparation has completed phase 1 testing and may soon be available for better designed and powered studies assessing whether combination therapy provides superior therapy for hypothyroidism.
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Aboulaghras S, Piancatelli D, Oumhani K, Balahbib A, Bouyahya A, Taghzouti K. Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:74-83. [PMID: 35120899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy caused by gluten (protein from wheat, rye and, barley) in genetically predisposed individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 genotype. This pathology has a multifactorial etiology in which HLA genes, the microbiome, gluten and, other environmental factors are involved in the development of the disease. Its pathogenesis involves both innate and adaptive immunity as well as upregulation of IL-15. The objective of this review is to examine the results of current studies on genetic and environmental variables to better understand the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. The complex etiology of celiac disease makes our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease incomplete, and a better knowledge of the many genetic and environmental components would help us better understand the pathophysiology of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniela Piancatelli
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Khadija Oumhani
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Peng X. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome, Transcriptome, and Methylome in a Rat Model of Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis: Indications for the Existence of the Gut-Prostate Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:753034. [PMID: 35087414 PMCID: PMC8787367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.753034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) is one of the most prevalent diseases in human males worldwide. In 2005, the prostate-gut axis was first proposed to indicate the close relationship between the prostate and the intestine. This study investigated CNP-induced changes of the gut microbiota, gene expression and DNA methylation in a rat model by using multi-omics analysis. Firstly, 16S rDNA sequencing presented an altered structure of the microbiota in cecum of CNP rats. Then, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of 185 genes in intestinal epithelium was significantly changed by CNP. These changes can participate in the immune system, digestive system, metabolic process, etc. Finally, methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) found 73,232 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) in the DNA of intestinal epithelium between control and CNP rats. A combined analysis of methylomics and transcriptomics suggested an epigenetic mechanism for CNP-induced differential expression genes correlated with intestinal barrier function, immunity, metabolism, enteric infectious disease, etc. More importantly, the transcriptomic, methylomic and gut microbial changes were highly correlated with multiple processes including intestinal immunity, metabolism and epithelial barrier function. In this study, disrupted homeostasis in the gut microbiota, gene expression and DNA methylation were reported in CNP, which supports the existence of the gut-prostate axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yihe Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Rangu S, Lee JJ, Hu W, Bittinger K, Castelo-Soccio L. Understanding the Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Patients with Alopecia Areata and their Siblings: A Pilot Study. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100051. [PMID: 34909748 PMCID: PMC8659389 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study of 41 children aged 4–17 years with alopecia areata and 41 of their siblings without alopecia areata was conducted. A total of 51% had the Severity of Alopecia Tool scores in the range of 0–25%, 12% had scores between 26% and 49%, and 36% had scores between 75% and 100%. The fecal microbiome was characterized using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A comparison of alpha and beta diversity yielded a small but statistically significant difference on the basis of Jaccard distance, which measures species presence and absence between samples. However, a follow-up analysis did not reveal the particular species that were present more often in one group. The relative abundance of one species, Ruminococcus bicirculans, was decreased in patients with alopecia areata relative to that in their sibling controls. An analysis of gene ortholog abundance identified 20 orthologs that were different between groups, including spore germination genes and genes for metal transportation. The associations reported in this study support a view of pediatric alopecia areata as a systemic disease that has effects on hair but also leads to internal changes, including differences in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Rangu
- Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiming Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Zhang Y, Xia G, Nie X, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Qian Y, Chen G, Huang J, Wang C, Zhang C, Huang X, Yang Y, Qiu X, Yang F, Chen J, Hu J. Differences in Manifestations and Gut Microbiota Composition Between Patients With Different Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Phenotypes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:641997. [PMID: 34277463 PMCID: PMC8281929 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. However, the complex pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in HSP patients and explore the potential association between gut microbiota composition and phenotypic changes in HSP. Methods 16SrRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed using total DNA extracted from the fecal microbiota of 34 children with HSP, including 18 primary cases, 16 recurrent cases, and 23 healthy children. Results The diversity indexes showed significant differences in the microbial community among the primary HSP groups, the recurrent HSP group and healthy controls. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the recurrent HSP group was significantly higher than that in the primary HSP group, and the constructed ROC curve had an AUC value of 0.750. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively associated with the serum IgG level in children with HSP, while the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was negatively correlated with the complement component 3 (C3). The diversity indexes of gut microbiota in the HSP group with abdominal symptoms were higher than those in the HSP group without GI involvement, and also higher than those in the healthy control group. In the HSP group with GI involvement, the abundance of Faecalibacterium was decreased, while the abundance of Streptococcus and Fusobacteria was increased, compared to the HSP group without GI involvement. Conclusions The gut microbiota of children with HSP was different from that of healthy children. The genus Escherichia-Shigella has a diagnostic value for HSP recurrence. Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium may affect IgG and complement C3 levels in children with HSP. Abdominal symptoms in HSP children were related to gut microbiota (Streptococcus and butyric acid-producing bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guizhi Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yugui Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifang Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuanyin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Lison D, Ambroise J, Leinardi R, Ibouraadaten S, Yakoub Y, Deumer G, Haufroid V, Paquot A, Muccioli GG, van den Brûle S. Systemic effects and impact on the gut microbiota upon subacute oral exposure to silver acetate in rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1251-1266. [PMID: 33779765 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The addition of silver (Ag) to food items, and its migration from food packaging and appliances results in a dietary exposure in humans, estimated to 70-90 µg Ag/day. In view of the well-known bactericidal activity of Ag ions, concerns arise about a possible impact of dietary Ag on the gut microbiota (GM), which is a master determinant of human health and diseases. Repeated oral administration of Ag acetate (AgAc) can also cause systemic toxicity in rats with reported NOAELs of 4 mg AgAc/b.w./d for impaired fertility and 0.4 mg AgAc/b.w./d for developmental toxicity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether oral exposure to AgAc can induce GM alterations at doses causing reproductive toxicity in rats. METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were exposed during 10 weeks to AgAc incorporated into food (0, 0.4, 4 or 40 mg/kg b.w./d), and we analyzed the composition of the GM (α- and β-diversity). We documented bacterial function by measuring short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in cecal content. Ferroxidase activity, a biomarker of systemic Ag toxicity, was measured in serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS From 4 mg/kg b.w./d onwards, we recorded systemic toxicity, as indicated by the reduction of serum ferroxidase activity, as well as serum Cu and Se concentrations. This systemic toxic response to AgAc might contribute to explain reprotoxic manifestations. We observed a dose-dependent modification of the GM composition in male rats exposed to AgAc. No impact of AgAc exposure on the production of bacterial SCFA was recorded. The limited GM changes recorded in this study do not appear related to a reprotoxicity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gladys Deumer
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brûle
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Smith A. Using next-generation sequencing to develop a Shigella species threshold and profile faecal samples from suspected diarrhoea cases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:399-410. [PMID: 33566277 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, it is estimated that there are 2 billion cases of diarrhoeal disease each year, with 525,000 children under the age of 5 years, dying from diarrhoea. This also affects 1 in 5 people in the UK each year. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate treatment and infection control measures are, therefore, particularly important. Currently, Public Health Wales and England Microbiology Division test for five key bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens, i.e. Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Clostridioides difficile. There is, however, a poor success rate with identification of these pathogens, leaving the patient at risk from untreated infections. This study has developed effective and reliable tools with a high positive outcome for diagnosis of diarrhoeal infection. The study blindly analysed 592 samples, with the most abundant species being Shigella sonnei at 15%, and the top genus Bacteroides at 26%. Campylobacter spp. had an abundance of 4%, Clostridium difficile 3%, and Salmonella spp. 0.2%. There were also significant differences in abundance at genus level, between the Flemish Gut project and diarrhoea samples, with respect to Shigella (0.2%) and Campylobacter (0.1%). The project introduced a novel Shigella spp. (Escherichia) threshold of 5.32% to determine (Escherichia) a healthy or unhealthy community. A DMBiome model was developed to integrate the 5.32% threshold of Shigella spp., the Public Health laboratory tested pathogens, and two emerging enteropathogens. The overall positive outcome was that 89% of all samples were diagnosed with diarrhoea infections, leaving 11% unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Smith
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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