1
|
Sett A, Dubey V, Bhowmik S, Pathania R. Decoding Bacterial Persistence: Mechanisms and Strategies for Effective Eradication. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38940498 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria to evade antibiotic treatment is an intricate and multifaceted phenomenon. Over the years, treatment failure among patients due to determinants of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been the focal point for the research and development of new therapeutic agents. However, the survival of bacteria by persisting under antibiotic stress has largely been overlooked. Bacterial persisters are a subpopulation of sensitive bacterial cells exhibiting a noninheritable drug-tolerant phenotype. They are linked to the recalcitrance of infections in healthcare settings, in turn giving rise to AMR variants. The importance of bacterial persistence in recurring infections has been firmly recognized. Fundamental work over the past decade has highlighted numerous unique tolerance factors contributing to the persister phenotype in many clinically relevant pathogens. This review summarizes contributing factors that could aid in developing new strategies against bacterial antibiotic persisters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhiroop Sett
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Vineet Dubey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Somok Bhowmik
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Liang Y, Pan D, Bai S, Wen D, Tang M, Song H, Guo X, Han H. Enhancing Escherichia coli Inactivation: Synergistic Mechanism of Ultraviolet Light and High-Voltage Electric Field. Foods 2024; 13:1343. [PMID: 38731714 PMCID: PMC11083544 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the bactericidal effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a high-voltage electric field (HVEF), and their combination on Escherichia coli. The results indicated that UV and combined disinfection were more effective with longer exposure, leading to significant reductions in microbial activity. Specifically, the single UV disinfection alone reduced activity by 3.3 log after 5 min, while combined disinfection achieved a 4.2 log reduction. In contrast, short-term HVEF treatment did not exhibit significant bactericidal effects, only achieving a reduction of 0.17 log in 5 min. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to both UV disinfection and an HVEF was found to damage cell membranes, ultimately causing cell death, while shorter durations did not. Despite rapid cell count decreases, flow cytometry did not detect apoptotic or necrotic cells, likely due to rapid cell rupture. This study suggests that combining UV radiation and an HVEF could be a promising approach for inhibiting bacterial reproduction, with HVEF enhancing UV effects. These findings provide insights for using combined HVEF and UV disinfection in food safety and preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Yun Liang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Di Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Shupei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Diya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Min Tang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hua Song
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Hao Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (D.P.); (S.B.); (D.W.); (X.G.); (H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakamura Y, Watanabe K, Yoshioka Y, Ariyoshi W, Yamasaki R. Persister Cell Formation and Elevated lsrA and lsrC Gene Expression upon Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure in a Periodontal Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1402. [PMID: 37374903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen peroxide, an antiseptic dental treatment, on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the main causative agent of localized invasive periodontitis, was investigated. Hydrogen peroxide treatment (0.06%, 4× minimum inhibitory concentration) resulted in the persistence and survival of approximately 0.5% of the bacterial population. The surviving bacteria did not genetically acquire hydrogen peroxide resistance but exhibited a known persister behavior. Sterilization with mitomycin C significantly reduced the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans persister survivors. RNA sequencing of hydrogen peroxide-treated A. actinomycetemcomitans showed elevated expression of Lsr family members, suggesting a strong involvement of autoinducer uptake. In this study, we found a risk of A. actinomycetemcomitans persister residual from hydrogen peroxide treatment and hypothesized associated genetic mechanisms of persister from RNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakamura
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Yoshioka
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamasaki
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan
- Collaborative Research Centre for Green Materials on Environmental Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-chou, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng JH, Zou S, Ma J, Sun DW. Toxic reactive oxygen species stresses for reconfiguring central carbon metabolic fluxes in foodborne bacteria: Sources, mechanisms and pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1806-1821. [PMID: 36688292 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxic reactive oxygen species (toxROS) is the reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond the normal concentration of cells, which has inactivation and disinfection effects on foodborne bacteria. However, foodborne bacteria can adapt and survive by physicochemical regulation of antioxidant systems, especially through central carbon metabolism (CCM), which is a significant concern for food safety. It is thus necessary to study the antioxidant regulation mechanisms of CCM in foodborne bacteria under toxROS stresses. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an update and comprehensive overview of the reconfiguration of CCM fluxes in foodborne bacteria that respond to different toxROS stresses. In this review, two key types of toxROS including exogenous toxROS (exo-toxROS) and endogenous toxROS (endo-toxROS) are introduced. Exo-toxROS are produced by disinfectants, such as H2O2 and HOCl, or during food non-thermal processing such as ultraviolet (UV/UVA), cold plasma (CP), ozone (O3), electrolyzed water (EW), pulsed electric field (PEF), pulsed light (PL), and electron beam (EB) processing. Endo-toxROS are generated by bioreagents such as antibiotics (aminoglycosides, quinolones, and β-lactams). Three main pathways for CCM in foodborne bacteria under the toxROS stress are also highlighted, which are glycolysis (EMP), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). In addition, energy metabolisms throughout these pathways are discussed. Finally, challenges and future work in this area are suggested. It is hoped that this review should be beneficial in providing insights for future research on bacterial antioxidant CCM defence under both exo-toxROS stresses and endo-toxROS stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sang Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Geerts N, De Vooght L, Passaris I, Delputte P, Van den Bergh B, Cos P. Antibiotic Tolerance Indicative of Persistence Is Pervasive among Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates and Shows Strong Condition Dependence. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0270122. [PMID: 36374111 PMCID: PMC9769776 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02701-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, being one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media. Antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae is an emerging problem, as it depletes our arsenal of effective drugs. In addition, persistence also contributes to the antibiotic crisis in many other pathogens, yet for S. pneumoniae, little is known about antibiotic-tolerant persisters and robust experimental means are lacking. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that exist as a subpopulation within a clonal culture. Being tolerant to lethal antibiotics, they underly the chronic nature of a variety of infections and even help in acquiring genetic resistance. In this study, we set out to identify and characterize persistence in S. pneumoniae. Specifically, we followed different strategies to overcome the self-limiting nature of S. pneumoniae as a confounding factor in the prolonged monitoring of antibiotic survival needed to study persistence. Under optimized conditions, we identified genuine persisters in various growth phases and for four relevant antibiotics through biphasic survival dynamics and heritability assays. Finally, we detected a high variety in antibiotic survival levels across a diverse collection of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates, which assumes that a high natural diversity in persistence is widely present in S. pneumoniae. Collectively, this proof of concept significantly progresses the understanding of the importance of antibiotic persistence in S. pneumoniae infections, which will set the stage for characterizing its relevance to clinical outcomes and advocates for increased attention to the phenotype in both fundamental and clinical research. IMPORTANCE S. pneumoniae is considered a serious threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of rising antibiotic resistance. In addition to resistance, bacteria can also survive lethal antibiotic treatment by developing antibiotic tolerance, more specifically, antibiotic tolerance through persistence. This phenotypic variation seems omnipresent among bacterial life, is linked to therapy failure, and acts as a catalyst for resistance development. This study gives the first proof of the presence of persister cells in S. pneumoniae and shows a high variety in persistence levels among diverse strains, suggesting that persistence is a general trait in S. pneumoniae cultures. Our work advocates for higher interest for persistence in S. pneumoniae as a contributing factor for therapy failure and resistance development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Geerts
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oxytetracycline removal and E. Coli inactivation by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a continuous fixed bed reactor using heterogeneous catalyst. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Ichikawa S, Okazaki M, Okamura M, Nishimura N, Miyake H. Rare UV-resistant cells in clonal populations of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 231:112448. [PMID: 35490545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water disinfection is one of the most important applications of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), though bacterial regrowth remains a serious problem. In this study, we showed that UV-resistant cells, though rare, exist in an Escherichia coli clonal population. The UV-resistance of stationary phase cells was higher than that of exponential phase cells. Regrowth cell populations showed identical UV sensitivity before and after UV treatment, indicating that UV resistance is not acquired genetically, but is generated stochastically. The characteristics of these UV-resistant cells are similar to those of non-heritable antibiotic-resistant cells, termed persisters. The induction of persister formation increased the number of viable cells after UV treatment. The toxin-antitoxin system gene hipA (high persistence A) is a key factor in persister cell formation. We observed that hipA was strongly expressed in the stationary phase cells, while regrowth cells after UV treatment lost hipA expression, suggesting that the regrowth cells lost their persistence. Compared to UV batch radiation, we demonstrated that intermittent UV irradiation, which included the induction of regrowth between UV treatments, significantly reduced the number of viable E. coli cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ichikawa
- Faculty of Education, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Mika Okazaki
- Strategic Planning Office for Regional Revitalization, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mina Okamura
- Strategic Planning Office for Regional Revitalization, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyake
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis by Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Technology through Inducing Oxidative Stress Response. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040802. [PMID: 35456852 PMCID: PMC9026882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic sterilization technology (PDT) is widely used in disease therapy, but its application in the food industry is still at the research stage because of the limitations of food-grade photosensitizers. Curcumin exhibits photosensitivity and is widely used as a food additive for its natural color. This study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic technology (Cur-PDT) on Bacillus subtilis and to elucidate the anti-bacterial mechanism involved. First, the effects of curcumin concentration, duration of light irradiation, light intensity, and incubation time on the inactivation of B. subtilis were analyzed. It was found that Cur-PDT inactivated 100% planktonic cells with 50 μmol/L curcumin in 15 min (120 W). Then, the cell morphology, oxidation state and the expression of membrane structure- and DNA damage-related genes of B. subtilis vegetative cells were investigated under different treatment conditions. The membrane permeability of cells was enhanced and the cell membrane structure was damaged upon treatment with Cur-PDT, which were exacerbated with increases of treatment time and curcumin concentration. Meanwhile, the production of reactive oxygen species increased and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT decreased inside the cells. Furthermore, the Cur-PDT treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA of the membrane protein TasA and upregulated the DNA damage recognition protein UvrA and repair protein RecA of B. subtilis. These results suggested that curcumin-mediated PDT could effectively inactivate B. subtilis by inducing cell redox state imbalance, damaging DNA, and disrupting membrane structures.
Collapse
|
9
|
Elucidation of the Interactions of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Model Membranes Mimicking Cancer Cells and Normal Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030286. [PMID: 35323761 PMCID: PMC8949560 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to selectively destroy tumor cells. However, PSs recurrently reside on the extracellular matrix or affect normal cells in the vicinity, causing side effects. Additionally, the membrane stability of tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not been studied, and the effects of ROS at the membrane level are unclear. In this work, we elucidate the stabilities of model membranes mimicking tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of ROS. The model membranes are constructed according to the degree of saturation in lipids and the bilayers are prepared either in symmetric or asymmetric form. Interestingly, membranes mimicking normal cells are the most vulnerable to ROS, while membranes mimicking tumor cells remain relatively stable. The instability of normal cell membranes may be one cause of the side effects of PDT. Moreover, we also show that ROS levels are controlled by antioxidants, helping to maintain an appropriate amount of ROS when PDT is applied.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang J, Huang Y, Wang W, Sun C, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Ma X, Peng C, Ma Y, Liu S, Rao C. Activation of ATM/Chk2 by Zanthoxylum armatum DC extract induces DNA damage and G1/S phase arrest in BRL 3A cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114832. [PMID: 34775036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC is a traditional medicinal plant. It is widely used in clinical treatment and disease prevention in China, India and other regions. Modern studies have reported the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and the animal toxicity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC, and the damage of genetic material has been observed in plants, but the detailed mechanism has not been explored. Besides, the toxicity of normal mammalian cells has not been evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanism of genetic material damage in BRL 3A cells induced by Zanthoxylum armatum DC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry was used for identification of compounds in methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. BRL 3A cells were incubated with different concentrations of methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (24 h). The cytotoxicity of extract was assessed with cell viability, LDH release rate, and ROS production. The damage of genetic material was assessed with OTM value of comet cells, cell cycle and the expression levels of p-ATM, p- Chk2, Cdc25A, and CDK2. RESULTS Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry investigation revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoid, fatty acid and alkaloid groups. The viability of BRL 3A cells was reduced in a time-dose dependent manner treated by methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. It increased LDH release rate and ROS production, activated the DNA double strand damage marker of γH2AX and produced comet cells. In addition, methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC caused ATM-mediated DNA damage, further phosphorylated Chk2, inhibited cell cycle related proteins, and arrested the G1/S cycle. CONCLUSIONS Methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC induces DNA damage and further leads G1/S cell cycle arrest by triggering oxidative stress in the BRL 3A cells. This study provides some useful evidences for its development as an antitumor drug via activation of ATM/Chk2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xiaoju Ma
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Shukun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Okita K, Yamasaki R, Nakamura Y, Sakakura T, Kawano A, Takatsuji Y, Haruyama T, Yoshioka Y, Ariyoshi W. Quick and environmentally friendly sterilization process of dental instruments by radical vapor reactor. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Aroso RT, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1497-1545. [PMID: 34705261 PMCID: PMC8548867 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Kill Exponentially Growing and Persister Escherichia coli Cells by Causing Physical Damage. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061584. [PMID: 34208716 PMCID: PMC8234494 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles are widely used in medicinal and hygiene products because of their low toxicity, environment-friendliness, and low cost. Here, we studied the effects of three different sizes of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on antibacterial activity: NM80, NM300, and NM700. NM80 (D50 = 75.2 nm) showed a higher bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli than larger nanoparticles (D50 = 328 nm (NM300) or 726 nm (NM700)). Moreover, NM80 showed a high bactericidal effect against not only exponential cells but also persister cells, which are difficult to eliminate owing to their high tolerance to antibiotics. NM80 eliminated strains in which magnesium-transport genes were knocked out and exhibited a bactericidal effect similar to that observed in the wild-type strain. The bactericidal action involved physical cell damage, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, which showed that E. coli cells treated with NM80 were directly injured.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo L, Yang L, Qi Y, Niyazi G, Huang L, Gou L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu D, Wang X, Chen H, Kong MG. Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Caused Protein Damage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cells in Biofilms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051072. [PMID: 34067642 PMCID: PMC8156483 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is attractive for sterilization, especially to disrupt biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, CAP effectively reduced the living cells in the biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 6 min treatment with CAP reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms by 3.5 log10. The treatment with CAP caused the polymerization of SaFtsZ and SaClpP proteins in the S. aureus cells of the biofilms. In vitro analysis demonstrated that recombinant SaFtsZ lost its self-assembly capability, and recombinant SaClpP lost its peptidase activity after 2 min of treatment with CAP. Mass spectrometry showed oxidative modifications of a cluster of peaks differing by 16 Da, 31 Da, 32 Da, 47 Da, 48 Da, 62 Da, and 78 Da, induced by reactive species of CAP. It is speculated that the oxidative damage to proteins in S. aureus cells was induced by CAP, which contributed to the reduction of biofilms. This study elucidates the biological effect of CAP on the proteins in bacterial cells of biofilms and provides a basis for the application of CAP in the disinfection of biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Gulimire Niyazi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Lingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Gou
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Michael G. Kong
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| |
Collapse
|