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Li Z, Dou Y, Li Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Cheng S, Cheng X, Luo J. Dose-dependent effects of different parabens on food waste biorefinery for volatile fatty acids production: Insight into specific fermentation processes, substrates transformation and microbial metabolic traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174319. [PMID: 38936728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are largely concentrated in food waste (FW) due to their large consumption as the widely used preservative. To date, whether and how they affect FW resource recovery via anaerobic fermentation is still largely unknown. This work unveiled the hormesis-like effects of two typical parabens (i.e., methylparaben and n-butylparaben) on VFAs production during FW anaerobic fermentation (i.e., parabens increased VFAs by 6.73-14.49 % at low dose but caused 82.51-87.74 % reduction at high dose). Mechanistic exploration revealed that the parabens facilitated the FW solubilization and enhanced the associated substrates' biodegradability. The low parabens enriched the functional microorganisms (e.g., Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) and upregulated those critical genes involved in VFAs biosynthesis (e.g., GCK and PK) by activating the microbial adaptive capacity (i.e., quorum sensing and two-component system). Consequently, the metabolism rates of fermentation substrates and subsequent VFAs production were accelerated. However, due to increased biotoxicity of high parabens, the functional microorganisms and relevant metabolic activities were depressed, resulting in the significant reduction of VFAs biosynthesis. Structural equation modeling clarified that microbial community was the predominant factor affecting VFAs generation, followed by metabolic pathways. This work elucidated the dose-dependent effects and underlying mechanisms of parabens on FW anaerobic fermentation, providing insights for the effective management of FW resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuting Dou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Song Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Zhang L, Wu T, Wang F, Liu W, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Shi Q. CheV enhances the virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis, and the Chev-deleted Salmonella vaccine provides immunity in mice. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:100. [PMID: 38468314 PMCID: PMC10926574 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a major zoonotic pathogen and causes infections in a variety of hosts. The development of novel vaccines for SE is necessary to eradicate this pathogen. Genetically engineered attenuated live vaccines are more immunogenic and safer. Thus, to develop a live attenuated Salmonella vaccine, we constructed a cheV gene deletion strain of SE (named ΔcheV) and investigated the role of cheV in the virulence of SE. First, the ability to resist environmental stress in vitro, biofilm formation capacity, drug resistance and motility of ΔcheV were analyzed. Secondly, the bacterial adhesion, invasion, intracellular survival assays were performed by cell model. Using a mouse infection model, an in vivo virulence assessment was conducted. To further evaluate the mechanisms implicated by the reduced virulence, qPCR analysis was utilized to examine the expression of the strain's major virulence genes. Finally, the immune protection rate of ΔcheV was evaluated using a mouse model. RESULTS Compared to C50336, the ΔcheV had significantly reduced survival ability under acidic, alkaline and thermal stress conditions, but there was no significant difference in survival under oxidative stress conditions. There was also no significant change in biofilm formation ability, drug resistance and motility. It was found that the adhesion ability of ΔcheV to Caco-2 cells remained unchanged, but the invasion ability and survival rate in RAW264.7 cells were significantly reduced. The challenge assay results showed that the LD50 values of C50336 and ΔcheV were 6.3 × 105 CFU and 1.25 × 107 CFU, respectively. After the deletion of the cheV gene, the expression levels of fimD, flgG, csgA, csgD, hflK, lrp, sipA, sipB, pipB, invH, mgtC, sodC, rfbH, xthA and mrr1 genes were significantly reduced. The live attenuated ΔcheV provided 100% protection in mice against SE infection. CONCLUSION All the results confirmed that the deletion of the cheV gene reduces the virulence of SE and provides significant immune protection in mice, indicating that ΔcheV could be potential candidates to be explored as live-attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Wan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Guixin Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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Yu H, Lin J, Wang M, Ying S, Yuan S, Guo Y, Xie Y, Yao W. Molecular and proteomic response of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm cultured on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) after ultrasound treatment at different intensity levels. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104387. [PMID: 37919011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment is widely used for surface cleaning of vegetables in the processing of agricultural products. In the present study, the molecular and proteomic response of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm cultured on lettuce was investigated after ultrasound treatment at different intensity levels. The results show that the biofilm was efficiently removed after ultrasound treatment with intensity higher than 21.06 W/cm2. However, at an intensity of less than 18.42 W/cm2, P. fluorescens was stimulated by ultrasound leading to promoted bacterial growth, extracellular protease activity, extracellular polysaccharide secretion (EPS), and synthesis of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing signaling molecules. The expression of biofilm-related genes, stress response, and dual quorum sensing system was upregulated during post-treatment ultrasound. Proteomic analysis showed that ultrasound activated proteins in the flagellar system, which led to changes in bacterial tendency; meanwhile, a large number of proteins in the dual-component system began to be regulated. ABC transporters accelerated the membrane transport of substances inside and outside the cell membrane and equalized the permeability conditions of the cell membrane. In addition, the expression of proteins related to DNA repair was upregulated, suggesting that bacteria repair damaged DNA after ultrasound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Su Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Shaofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Liao S, Tian L, Qi Q, Hu L, Wang M, Gao C, Cui H, Gai Z, Gong G. Transcriptome Analysis of Protocatechualdehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and Its Effect on Chicken Quality Characteristics. Foods 2023; 12:2625. [PMID: 37444363 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of natural antimicrobial agents offers new strategies for food preservation due to the health hazards associated with the spoilage of meat products caused by microbial contamination. In this paper, the inhibitory mechanism of protocatechualdehyde (PCA) on Listeria monocytogenes was described, and its effect on the preservation of cooked chicken breast was evaluated. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PCA on L. monocytogenes was 0.625 mg/mL. Secondly, PCA destroyed the integrity of the L. monocytogenes cell membrane, which was manifested as a decrease in membrane hyperpolarization, intracellular ATP level, and intracellular pH value. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) observed a cell membrane rupture. Transcriptome analysis showed that PCA may inhibit cell growth by affecting amino acid, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, and the cell membrane of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, it was discovered that PCA enhanced the color and texture of cooked chicken breast meat while decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid active substance (TBARS). In conclusion, PCA as a natural antibacterial agent has a certain reference value in extending the shelf life of cooked chicken breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lu Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lemei Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Haoyue Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhongchao Gai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Jurdzinski KT, Mehrshad M, Delgado LF, Deng Z, Bertilsson S, Andersson AF. Large-scale phylogenomics of aquatic bacteria reveal molecular mechanisms for adaptation to salinity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2059. [PMID: 37235649 PMCID: PMC10219603 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The crossing of environmental barriers poses major adaptive challenges. Rareness of freshwater-marine transitions separates the bacterial communities, but how these are related to brackish counterparts remains elusive, as do the molecular adaptations facilitating cross-biome transitions. We conducted large-scale phylogenomic analysis of freshwater, brackish, and marine quality-filtered metagenome-assembled genomes (11,248). Average nucleotide identity analyses showed that bacterial species rarely existed in multiple biomes. In contrast, distinct brackish basins cohosted numerous species, but their intraspecific population structures displayed clear signs of geographic separation. We further identified the most recent cross-biome transitions, which were rare, ancient, and most commonly directed toward the brackish biome. Transitions were accompanied by systematic changes in amino acid composition and isoelectric point distributions of inferred proteomes, which evolved over millions of years, as well as convergent gains or losses of specific gene functions. Therefore, adaptive challenges entailing proteome reorganization and specific changes in gene content constrains the cross-biome transitions, resulting in species-level separation between aquatic biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof T. Jurdzinski
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maliheh Mehrshad
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luis Fernando Delgado
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziling Deng
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders F. Andersson
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Triga A, Smyrli M, Katharios P. Pathogenic and Opportunistic Vibrio spp. Associated with Vibriosis Incidences in the Greek Aquaculture: The Role of Vibrio harveyi as the Principal Cause of Vibriosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1197. [PMID: 37317171 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A monitoring program to follow vibriosis incidents in the Greek marine aquaculture was implemented over the past 13 years. 273 isolates, from various cases originating from eight regions and nine hosts, were collected and characterized. The main aquaculture species of the survey were the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Various species of Vibrionaceae were associated with vibriosis. Vibrio harveyi had the highest prevalence and was isolated throughout the year from all hosts. During the warm months, Vibrio harveyi prevailed with frequent co-isolations of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and Vibrio alginolyticus, while during spring, other Vibrio species were more abundant, such as Vibrio lentus, Vibrio cyclitrophicus, and Vibrio gigantis. Phylogenetic analysis using the mreB gene and the metabolic fingerprint of the isolates showed great variability within the species of the collection. The severity of the disease and the frequency of outbreaks make vibriosis (that is, mainly attributed to V. harveyi) an important concern for the regional aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Triga
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1470, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Smyrli
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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Somiah T, Gebremariam HG, Zuo F, Smirnova K, Jonsson AB. Lactate causes downregulation of Helicobacter pylori adhesin genes sabA and labA while dampening the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20064. [PMID: 36414643 PMCID: PMC9681763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with gastric cancer development, which is influenced by both bacterial virulence and host genetics. The sialic acid-binding adhesin SabA and the MUC5AC-binding adhesin LabA are important H. pylori virulence factors that facilitate adhesion of the bacterium, which is a crucial step in colonization. Lactate utilization has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenicity of different bacterial species. However, this is poorly understood in H. pylori. In this study, we investigated the effect of lactate on H. pylori adhesin gene expression and the regulation of host inflammatory cytokines. We show that the bacterial adhesins SabA and LabA were downregulated at the transcriptional level during incubation of H. pylori with lactate. Downregulation of sabA required the involvement of the two-component system ArsRS, while labA was regulated via the CheA/CheY system, indicating differences in the regulation of these genes in response to lactate. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 in H. pylori-stimulated macrophages were reduced when lactate was present. Interestingly, glucose did not prevent the secretion of these cytokines. Taken together, our data suggest that lactate affects H. pylori adhesin gene expression and the host response upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Somiah
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna G. Gebremariam
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanglei Zuo
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ksenija Smirnova
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Focardi A, Moore LR, Raina JB, Seymour JR, Paulsen IT, Tetu SG. Plastic leachates impair picophytoplankton and dramatically reshape the marine microbiome. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:179. [PMID: 36274162 PMCID: PMC9590215 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year, approximately 9.5 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the ocean with the potential to adversely impact all trophic levels. Until now, our understanding of the impact of plastic pollution on marine microorganisms has been largely restricted to the microbial assemblages that colonize plastic particles. However, plastic debris also leaches considerable amounts of chemical additives into the water, and this has the potential to impact key groups of planktonic marine microbes, not just those organisms attached to plastic surfaces. RESULTS To investigate this, we explored the population and genetic level responses of a marine microbial community following exposure to leachate from a common plastic (polyvinyl chloride) or zinc, a specific plastic additive. Both the full mix of substances leached from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and zinc alone had profound impacts on the taxonomic and functional diversity of our natural planktonic community. Microbial primary producers, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, which comprise the base of the marine food web, were strongly impaired by exposure to plastic leachates, showing significant declines in photosynthetic efficiency, diversity, and abundance. Key heterotrophic taxa, such as SAR11, which are the most abundant planktonic organisms in the ocean, also exhibited significant declines in relative abundance when exposed to higher levels of PVC leachate. In contrast, many copiotrophic bacteria, including members of the Alteromonadales, dramatically increased in relative abundance under both exposure treatments. Moreover, functional gene and genome analyses, derived from metagenomes, revealed that PVC leachate exposure selects for fast-adapting, motile organisms, along with enrichment in genes usually associated with pathogenicity and an increased capacity to metabolize organic compounds leached from PVC. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that substances leached from plastics can restructure marine microbial communities with the potential for significant impacts on trophodynamics and biogeochemical cycling. These findings substantially expand our understanding of the ways by which plastic pollution impact life in our oceans, knowledge which is particularly important given that the burden of plastic pollution in the marine environment is predicted to continue to rise. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaranta Focardi
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lisa R Moore
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Yi X, Xu X, Qi X, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Xu G, Li H, Kraco EK, Shen H, Lin M, Zheng J, Qin Y, Jiang X. Mechanisms Underlying the Virulence Regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus ND-01 pstS and pstB with a Transcriptomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2093. [PMID: 36363689 PMCID: PMC9698627 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a common opportunistic pathogen of fish, shrimp, and shellfish, and many diseases it causes can result in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Causing host disease was confirmed by several virulence factors of V. alginolyticus. To date, there have been no reports on the effect of the pstS gene on its virulence regulation of V. alginolyticus. The virulence mechanism of target genes regulating V. alginolyticus is worthy of further study. Previous studies found that Fructus schisandrae (30 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of V. alginolyticus ND-01 (OD600 = 0.5) for 4 h, while the expressions of pstS and pstB were significantly affected by F. schisandrae stress. So, we speculated that pstS and pstB might be the virulence genes of V. alginolyticus, which were stably silenced by RNAi to construct the silencing strains pstS-RNAi and pstB-RNAi, respectively. After the expression of pstS or pstB gene was inhibited, the adhesion capacity and biofilm formation of V. alginolyticus were significantly down-regulated. The chemotaxis and biofilm formation ability of pstS-RNAi was reduced by 33.33% and 68.13% compared with the wild-type strain, respectively. Sequence alignment and homology analysis showed that pstS was highly conserved, which suggested that pstS played a vital role in the secretion system of V. alginolyticus. The pstS-RNAi with the highest silencing efficiency was selected for transcriptome sequencing. The Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and GO terms were mapped to the reference genome of V. alginolyticus, including 1055 up-regulated genes and 1134 down-regulated genes. The functions of the DEGs were analyzed by GO and categorized into different enriched functional groups, such as ribosome synthesis, organelles, biosynthesis, pathogenesis, and secretion. These DEGs were then mapped to the reference KEGG pathways of V. alginolyticus and enriched in commonalities in the metabolic, ribosomal, and bacterial secretion pathways. Therefore, pstS and pstB could regulate the bacterial virulence of V. alginolyticus by affecting its adhesion, biofilm formation ability, and motility. Understanding the relationship between the expressions of pstS and pstB with bacterial virulence could provide new perspectives to prevent bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Genhuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Emma-Katharine Kraco
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 East Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Haoyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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10
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de Almeida OGG, Pereira MG, Oxaran V, De Martinis ECP, Alves VF. In silico metatranscriptomic approach for tracking biofilm-related effectors in dairies and its importance for improving food safety. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928480. [PMID: 36147852 PMCID: PMC9487997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile microorganisms are usually recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatments, and it is possible that finding biofilm-related effectors in metatranscriptomics datasets helps to understand mechanisms for bacterial persistence in diverse environments, by revealing protein-encoding genes that are expressed in situ. For this research, selected dairy-associated metatranscriptomics bioprojects were downloaded from the public databases JGI GOLD and NCBI (eight milk and 45 cheese samples), to screen for sequences encoding biofilm-related effectors. Based on the literature, the selected genetic determinants were related to adhesins, BAP, flagellum-related, intraspecific QS (AHL, HK, and RR), interspecific QS (LuxS), and QQ (AHL-acylases, AHL-lactonases). To search for the mRNA sequences encoding for those effector proteins, a custom database was built from UniprotKB, yielding 1,154,446 de-replicated sequences that were indexed in DIAMOND for alignment. The results revealed that in all the dairy-associated metatranscriptomic datasets obtained, there were reads assigned to genes involved with flagella, adhesion, and QS/QQ, but BAP-reads were found only for milk. Significant Pearson correlations (p < 0.05) were observed for transcripts encoding for flagella, RR, histidine kinases, adhesins, and LuxS, although no other significant correlations were found. In conclusion, the rationale used in this study was useful to demonstrate the presence of biofilm-associated effectors in metatranscriptomics datasets, pointing out to possible regulatory mechanisms in action in dairy-related biofilms, which could be targeted in the future to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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11
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Qi X, Xu X, Li H, Pan Y, Katharine Kraco E, Zheng J, Lin M, Jiang X. fliA, flrB, and fliR regulate adhesion by controlling the expression of critical virulence genes in Vibrio harveyi. Gene 2022; 839:146726. [PMID: 35835408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria adhesion to fish mucus is a crucial virulence mechanism. As the initial step of bacterial infection, adhesion is impacted by bacterial motility and environmental conditions. However, its molecular mechanism is yet unclear. In this study, a significant decrease in gene expression of adhesion-deficient Vibrio harveyi was observed when the bacteria were subjected by Cu2+(50 mg/L), Pb2+(100 mg/L), Hg2+(25 mg/L), and Zn2+(50 mg/L). The genes fliA, fliR, and flrB were responsible for flagellation; being crucial for adhesion, these genes were identified and silenced via RNAi. After silencing of these genes by RNAi technology, the ability of adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and flagella synthesis of V. harveyi were considerably reduced. Compared with the control group, it was observed that the expression levels of fliS, fliD, flgH, and flrC were significant down-regulated in fliR-RNAi, flrB-RNAi, and fliA-RNAi. This data indicates that the expression levels of most virulence genes are affected by fliA, fliR, and flrB. Also, the expression of fliA, fliR, and flrB can be influenced by the salinity, temperature, and pH. The results show that: (1) fliA, fliR, and flrB have important roles in the adhesion of V. harveyi; (2) fliA, fliR, and flrB can regulate bacterial adhesion by affecting its motility, and biofilm formation; (3) fliA, fliR, and flrB can regulate adhesion ability of V. harveyi in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., China; School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 East Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
| | - Huiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China
| | | | - Jiang Zheng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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12
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Yan J, Yang Z, Xie J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Shewanella putrefaciens WS13 Biofilms Under Cold Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851521. [PMID: 35811677 PMCID: PMC9257041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause seafood spoilage under low-temperature conditions. The bacterium easily forms biofilms to enhance its survival in challenging environments. Our previous research revealed that the biofilm formed by S. putrefaciens WS13 under the low temperature (4 °C) has larger biomass and tighter structure than at an optimum growth temperature (30 °C). In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was further performed to get insights into the global-level of gene expression in the biofilm formed by S. putrefaciens WS13 under the refrigerating and optimal temperatures using Illumina RNA-Sequencing technique. The results revealed that a total of 761 genes were differentially expressed, of which 497 were significantly up-regulated and 264 were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05). The qRT-PCR results of randomly selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed the RNA sequencing results. Comparison of transcriptome data revealed 28 significantly changed metabolic pathways under the cold stress, including the down-regulated chemotaxis, and motility, and up-regulated tryptophan metabolism, histidine biosynthesis, and quorum sensing, which benefited the biofilm formation of S. putrefaciens WS13 under the adverse circumstance. This study provided useful data for better understanding of the biofilm formation of S. putrefaciens, and also laid a theoretical foundation for novel vaccine and drug targets against the severe spoilage bacterium under the cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Aquatic Products in Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Aquatic Products in Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Xie,
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13
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Zhang Y, Tan H, Yang S, Huang Y, Cai S, Jian J, Cai J, Qin Q. The role of dctP gene in regulating colonization, adhesion and pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:421-434. [PMID: 34931326 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus has severely affected the development of mariculture industry in recent decades. DctP, a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter solute-binding subunit, is thought to be one of the virulence factors in Vibrio. In this study, the results displayed no difference in morphological characteristics and growth between ΔdctP (dctP mutant strain) and WT (wild-type strain). Nevertheless, the ability of swarming motility, biofilm formation, ECPase formation, cell adhesion and colonized ability of ΔdctP significantly decreased compared to those of WT. The LD50 of ΔdctP significantly increased by 40-fold compared to that of WT. The transcriptome analysis demonstrated the deletion mutation of dctP could regulate the expression levels of 22 genes related to colonization, adhesion and pathogenicity in V. alginolyticus. The analysis of qRT-PCR showed the transcriptome data were reliable. These results reveal the effect of attenuated function of DctP on colonization, adherence and pathogenicity by controlling the expression of related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huimin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yucong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Mekasha S, Linke D. Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782673. [PMID: 34975803 PMCID: PMC8714846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Feng J, Hu J, Chen H, Guo Z, Su Y. LuxS modulates motility and secretion of extracellular protease in fish pathogen Vibrio harveyi. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:215-226. [PMID: 34855458 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an in-frame deletion of the luxS gene was constructed to reveal the role of LuxS in the physiology and virulence of V. harveyi. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the growth ability, biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence by intraperitoneal injection, and the ability of V. harveyi to colonize the spleen and liver of the pearl gentian grouper between the wild-type (WT) and the luxS mutant. However, the deletion of luxS decreased the secretion of extracellular protease, while increased the ability of swimming and swarming. Simultaneously, a luxS-deleted mutant showed overproduction of lateral flagella, and an intact luxS complemented the defect. Since motility is flagella dependent, 16 of V. harveyi flagella biogenesis related genes were selected for further analysis. Based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of these genes, including the polar flagella genes flaB, flhA, flhF, flhB, flhF, fliS, and flrA and the lateral flagella genes flgA, flgB, fliE, fliF, lafA, lafK, and motY, were significantly up-regulated in the ΔluxS: pMMB207 (ΔluxS+) strain as compared with the V. harveyi 345: pMMB207 (WT+) and C-ΔluxS strains during the early, mid-exponential, and stationary growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yiqing Deng
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Juan Feng
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Jianmei Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Zhixun Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Youlu Su
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 47894, Guangzhou, China, 510225;
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16
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Jin TC, Lu JF, Luo S, Wang LC, Lu XJ, Chen J. Characterization of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) osteoprotegerin and its role in the innate immune response against to Vibrio alginolyticus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110680. [PMID: 34688907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, contributing to inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation. However, the function of OPG in the host immune system of teleosts remains unclear. Here, we cloned the cDNA of the LcOPG gene from large yellow croaker. LcOPG mRNA was expressed in all analyzed tissues and was upregulated by Vibrio alginolyticus infection in immune tissues and monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). Subsequently, the LcOPG protein was expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system. Recombinant LcOPG protein (rLcOPG) treatment suppressed V. alginolyticus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and enhanced V. alginolyticus-induced anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. Furthermore, rLcOPG decreased V. alginolyticus-induced MO/MФ apoptosis. Therefore, the results indicate that LcOPG might play a role in the immune response of V. alginolyticus-infected large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Li-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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First insights into a pyruvate sensing and uptake system in Vibrio campbellii and its importance for virulence. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0029621. [PMID: 34339295 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00296-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a key metabolite in living cells and has been shown to play a crucial role in the virulence of several bacterial pathogens. The bioluminescent Vibrio campbellii, a severe infectious burden for marine aquaculture, excretes extraordinarily large amounts of pyruvate during growth and rapidly retrieves it by an as-yet unknown mechanism. We have now identified the responsible pyruvate transporter, here named BtsU, and our results show that it is the only pyruvate transporter in V. campbellii. Expression of btsU is tightly regulated by the membrane-integrated LytS-type histidine kinase BtsS, a sensor for extracellular pyruvate, and the LytTR-type response regulator BtsR. Cells lacking either the pyruvate transporter or sensing system show no chemotactic response towards pyruvate, indicating that intracellular pyruvate is required to activate the chemotaxis system. Moreover, pyruvate sensing and uptake were found to be important for the resuscitation of V. campbellii from the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and the bacterium's virulence against brine shrimp larvae. IMPORTANCE Bacterial infections are a serious threat to marine aquaculture, one of the fastest growing food sectors on earth. Therefore, it is extremely important to learn more about the pathogens responsible, one of which is Vibrio campbellii. This study sheds light on the importance of pyruvate sensing and uptake for V. campbellii, and reveals that the bacterium possesses only one pyruvate transporter, which is activated by a pyruvate-responsive histidine kinase/response regulator system. Without the ability to sense or take up pyruvate, the virulence of V. campbellii towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae is strongly reduced.
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