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Hetta HF, Elsaghir A, Sijercic VC, Akhtar MS, Gad SA, Moses A, Zeleke MS, Alanazi FE, Ahmed AK, Ramadan YN. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: An updated comprehensive review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2036. [PMID: 38650719 PMCID: PMC11033295 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has evolved into a worldwide public health issue. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which frequently creates a significant financial strain on patients and lowers their quality of life. Up until now, there has been no curative therapy for DFU, only symptomatic relief or an interruption in the disease's progression. Recent studies have focused attention on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which provide innovative and potential treatment candidates for several illnesses as they can differentiate into various cell types. They are mostly extracted from the placenta, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (UC), and bone marrow (BM). Regardless of their origin, they show comparable features and small deviations. Our goal is to investigate MSCs' therapeutic effects, application obstacles, and patient benefit strategies for DFU therapy. Methodology A comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords relating to DFU, MSCs, and connected topics in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The main focus of the selection criteria was on English-language literature that explored the relationship between DFU, MSCs, and related factors. Results and Discussion Numerous studies are being conducted and have demonstrated that MSCs can induce re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, decrease inflammation, contribute to immunological modulation, and subsequently promote DFU healing, making them a promising approach to treating DFU. This review article provides a general snapshot of DFU (including clinical presentation, risk factors and etiopathogenesis, and conventional treatment) and discusses the clinical progress of MSCs in the management of DFU, taking into consideration the side effects and challenges during the application of MSCs and how to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum benefits. Conclusion The incorporation of MSCs in the management of DFU highlights their potential as a feasible therapeutic strategy. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between DFU pathophysiology, MSC therapies, and related obstacles is essential for optimizing therapy outcomes and maximizing patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | | | - Sayed A. Gad
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Mahlet S. Zeleke
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fawaz E. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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González-Escalada A, Rebollo MJ, Barrios Payan J, Hernández-Pando R, García MJ. Detection of Mycobacterial DNA in Human Bone Marrow. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1788. [PMID: 37512960 PMCID: PMC10384717 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is a cell-rich tissue of the reticuloendothelial system essential in the homeostasis and accurate functioning of hematopoiesis and of the immune system; moreover, it is also rich in lipids because it contains marrow adipocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the detection of mycobacterial DNA in human bone marrow as a tool to understand the complex pathology caused by the main pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human bone marrow samples were studied using both conventional PCR + hybridization and in situ PCR to figure out the cell distribution of the targeted DNA. Samples were retrospectively collected from HIV+ patients with microbiologically proved mycobacterial infection and from subjects without evidence of infection. Mycobacterium avium (Mav) as well as Mtb DNA was detected in both settings, including tissues with and without granulomas. We detected DNA from both mycobacterial species, using in situ PCR, inside bone marrow macrophages. Other cell types, including adipocytes, showed positive signals only for Mtb DNA. This result suggested, for the first time, that marrow adipocytes could constitute an ideal reservoir for the persistence of Mtb, allowing the bacilli to establish long-lasting latent infection within a suitable lipid environment. This fact might differentiate pathogenic behavior of non-specialized pathogens such as Mav from that of specialized pathogens such as Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba González-Escalada
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Area of Medical Microbiology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain
| | - María José Rebollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Barrios Payan
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Jesús García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez‐Lanzas R, Kalampalika F, Ganuza M. Diversity in the bone marrow niche: Classic and novel strategies to uncover niche composition. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:647-664. [PMID: 35837798 PMCID: PMC9796334 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our view on the role and composition of the bone marrow (BM) has dramatically changed over time from a simple nutrient for the bone to a highly complex multicellular tissue that sustains haematopoiesis. Among these cells, multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are predominantly quiescent, possess unique self-renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential and replenish all blood lineages to maintain lifelong haematopoiesis. Adult HSCs reside in specialised BM niches, which support their functions. Much effort has been put into deciphering HSC niches due to their potential clinical relevance. Multiple cell types have been implicated as HSC-niche components including sinusoidal endothelium, perivascular stromal cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and sympathetic nerves. In this review we provide a historical perspective on how technical advances, from genetic mouse models to imaging and high-throughput sequencing techniques, are unveiling the plethora of molecular cues and cellular components that shape the niche and regulate HSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez‐Lanzas
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Foteini Kalampalika
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Miguel Ganuza
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Baranovskii DS, Klabukov ID, Arguchinskaya NV, Yakimova AO, Kisel AA, Yatsenko EM, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD. Adverse events, side effects and complications in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 36393919 PMCID: PMC9659480 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have shown a wide clinical potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application. However, recent experience has accumulated numerous reports of adverse events and side effects associated with MSCs therapy. Furthermore, the strategies and methods of MSCs therapy did not change significantly in recent decades despite the clinical impact and awareness of potential complications. An extended understanding of limitations could lead to a wider clinical implementation of safe cell therapies and avoid harmful approaches. Therefore, our objective was to summarize the possible negative effects observed during MSCs-based therapies. We were also aimed to discuss the risks caused by weaknesses in cell processing, including isolation, culturing, and storage. Cell processing and cell culture could dramatically influence cell population profile, change protein expression and cell differentiation paving the way for future negative effects. Long-term cell culture led to accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities. Overdosed antibiotics in culture media enhanced the risk of mycoplasma contamination. Clinical trials reported thromboembolism and fibrosis as the most common adverse events of MSCs therapy. Their delayed manifestation generally depends on the patient's individual phenotype and requires specific awareness during the clinical trials with obligatory inclusion in the patient' informed consents. Finally we prepared the safety checklist, recommended for clinical specialists before administration or planning of MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranovskii
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Arguchinskaya
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna O. Yakimova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anastas A. Kisel
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Elena M. Yatsenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Ivanov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Silva JM, Pratas D, Caetano T, Matos S. The complexity landscape of viral genomes. Gigascience 2022; 11:6661051. [PMID: 35950839 PMCID: PMC9366995 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are among the shortest yet highly abundant species that harbor minimal instructions to infect cells, adapt, multiply, and exist. However, with the current substantial availability of viral genome sequences, the scientific repertory lacks a complexity landscape that automatically enlights viral genomes' organization, relation, and fundamental characteristics. RESULTS This work provides a comprehensive landscape of the viral genome's complexity (or quantity of information), identifying the most redundant and complex groups regarding their genome sequence while providing their distribution and characteristics at a large and local scale. Moreover, we identify and quantify inverted repeats abundance in viral genomes. For this purpose, we measure the sequence complexity of each available viral genome using data compression, demonstrating that adequate data compressors can efficiently quantify the complexity of viral genome sequences, including subsequences better represented by algorithmic sources (e.g., inverted repeats). Using a state-of-the-art genomic compressor on an extensive viral genomes database, we show that double-stranded DNA viruses are, on average, the most redundant viruses while single-stranded DNA viruses are the least. Contrarily, double-stranded RNA viruses show a lower redundancy relative to single-stranded RNA. Furthermore, we extend the ability of data compressors to quantify local complexity (or information content) in viral genomes using complexity profiles, unprecedently providing a direct complexity analysis of human herpesviruses. We also conceive a features-based classification methodology that can accurately distinguish viral genomes at different taxonomic levels without direct comparisons between sequences. This methodology combines data compression with simple measures such as GC-content percentage and sequence length, followed by machine learning classifiers. CONCLUSIONS This article presents methodologies and findings that are highly relevant for understanding the patterns of similarity and singularity between viral groups, opening new frontiers for studying viral genomes' organization while depicting the complexity trends and classification components of these genomes at different taxonomic levels. The whole study is supported by an extensive website (https://asilab.github.io/canvas/) for comprehending the viral genome characterization using dynamic and interactive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Silva
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pratas
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tânia Caetano
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Matos
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Mielonen OI, Pratas D, Hedman K, Sajantila A, Perdomo MF. Detection of Low-Copy Human Virus DNA upon Prolonged Formalin Fixation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010133. [PMID: 35062338 PMCID: PMC8779449 DOI: 10.3390/v14010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Formalin fixation, albeit an outstanding method for morphological and molecular preservation, induces DNA damage and cross-linking, which can hinder nucleic acid screening. This is of particular concern in the detection of low-abundance targets, such as persistent DNA viruses. In the present study, we evaluated the analytical sensitivity of viral detection in lung, liver, and kidney specimens from four deceased individuals. The samples were either frozen or incubated in formalin (±paraffin embedding) for up to 10 days. We tested two DNA extraction protocols for the control of efficient yields and viral detections. We used short-amplicon qPCRs (63–159 nucleotides) to detect 11 DNA viruses, as well as hybridization capture of these plus 27 additional ones, followed by deep sequencing. We observed marginally higher ratios of amplifiable DNA and scantly higher viral genoprevalences in the samples extracted with the FFPE dedicated protocol. Based on the findings in the frozen samples, most viruses were detected regardless of the extended fixation times. False-negative calls, particularly by qPCR, correlated with low levels of viral DNA (<250 copies/million cells) and longer PCR amplicons (>150 base pairs). Our data suggest that low-copy viral DNAs can be satisfactorily investigated from FFPE specimens, and encourages further examination of historical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi I. Mielonen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.I.M.); (K.H.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Diogo Pratas
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.I.M.); (K.H.)
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.I.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria F. Perdomo
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.I.M.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Silva JM, Pratas D, Caetano T, Matos S. Feature-Based Classification of Archaeal Sequences Using Compression-Based Methods. PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04881-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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