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Kurabi A, Dewan K, Kerschner JE, Leichtle A, Li JD, Santa Maria PL, Preciado D. PANEL 3: Otitis media animal models, cell culture, tissue regeneration & pathophysiology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 176:111814. [PMID: 38101097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize recently published key articles on the topics of animal models, cell culture studies, tissue biomedical engineering and regeneration, and new models in relation to otitis media (OM). DATA SOURCE Electronic databases: PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Ovid Medline. REVIEW METHODS Key topics were assigned to the panel participants for identification and detailed evaluation. The PubMed reviews were focused on the period from June 2019 to June 2023, in any of the objective subject(s) or keywords listed above, noting the relevant references relating to these advances with a global overview and noting areas of recommendation(s). The final manuscript was prepared with input from all panel members. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ex vivo and in vivo OM research models have seen great advancements in the past 4 years. From the usage of novel genetic and molecular tools to the refinement of in vivo inducible and spontaneous mouse models, to the introduction of a wide array of reliable middle ear epithelium (MEE) cell culture systems, the next five years are likely to experience exponential growth in OM pathophysiology discoveries. Moreover, advances in these systems will predictably facilitate rapid means for novel molecular therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kalyan Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph E Kerschner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diego Preciado
- Children's National Hospital, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Washington, DC, USA
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Nokso-Koivisto J, Ehrlich GD, Enoksson F, Komatsu K, Mason K, Melhus Å, Patel JA, Vijayasekaran S, Ryan A. Otitis media: Interactions between host and environment, immune and inflammatory responses. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 176:111798. [PMID: 38041988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and highlight progress in otitis media (OM) research in the areas of immunology, inflammation, environmental influences and host-pathogen responses from 2019 to 2023. Opportunities for innovative future research were also identified. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Key topics were assigned to each panel member for detailed review. Search of the literature was from June 2019 until February 2023. Draft reviews were collated, circulated, and discussed among panel members at the 22nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2023. The final manuscript was prepared and approved by all the panel members. CONCLUSIONS Important advances were identified in: environmental influences that enhance OM susceptibility; polymicrobial middle ear (ME) infections; the role of adaptive immunity defects in otitis-proneness; additional genes linked to OM; leukocyte contributions to OM pathogenesis and recovery; and novel interventions in OM based on host responses to infection. Innovative areas of research included: identification of novel bacterial genes and pathways important for OM persistence, bacterial adaptations and evolution that enhance chronicity; animal and human ME gene expression, including at the single-cell level; and Sars-CoV-2 infection of the ME and Eustachian tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nokso-Koivisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kensei Komatsu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Mason
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Åsa Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janak A Patel
- Department of Infection Control & Healthcare Epidemiology and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shiyan Vijayasekaran
- Perth ENT Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Allen Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Euba B, Gil-Campillo C, Asensio-López J, López-López N, Sen-Kilic E, Díez-Martínez R, Burgui S, Barbier M, Garmendia J. In Vivo Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling Reveals That Haemophilus influenzae Purine Synthesis Pathway Benefits Its Infectivity within the Airways. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0082323. [PMID: 37195232 PMCID: PMC10269889 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00823-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a human-adapted bacterial pathogen that causes airway infections. Bacterial and host elements associated with the fitness of H. influenzae within the host lung are not well understood. Here, we exploited the strength of in vivo-omic analyses to study host-microbe interactions during infection. We used in vivo transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) for genome-wide profiling of both host and bacterial gene expression during mouse lung infection. Profiling of murine lung gene expression upon infection showed upregulation of lung inflammatory response and ribosomal organization genes, and downregulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton genes. Transcriptomic analysis of bacteria recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from infected mice showed a significant metabolic rewiring during infection, which was highly different from that obtained upon bacterial in vitro growth in an artificial sputum medium suitable for H. influenzae. In vivo RNA-seq revealed upregulation of bacterial de novo purine biosynthesis, genes involved in non-aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, and part of the natural competence machinery. In contrast, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cell wall synthesis and lipooligosaccharide decoration was downregulated. Correlations between upregulated gene expression and mutant attenuation in vivo were established, as observed upon purH gene inactivation leading to purine auxotrophy. Likewise, the purine analogs 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine reduced H. influenzae viability in a dose-dependent manner. These data expand our understanding of H. influenzae requirements during infection. In particular, H. influenzae exploits purine nucleotide synthesis as a fitness determinant, raising the possibility of purine synthesis as an anti-H. influenzae target. IMPORTANCE In vivo-omic strategies offer great opportunities for increased understanding of host-pathogen interplay and for identification of therapeutic targets. Here, using transcriptome sequencing, we profiled host and pathogen gene expression during H. influenzae infection within the murine airways. Lung pro-inflammatory gene expression reprogramming was observed. Moreover, we uncovered bacterial metabolic requirements during infection. In particular, we identified purine synthesis as a key player, highlighting that H. influenzae may face restrictions in purine nucleotide availability within the host airways. Therefore, blocking this biosynthetic process may have therapeutic potential, as supported by the observed inhibitory effect of 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine on H. influenzae growth. Together, we present key outcomes and challenges for implementing in vivo-omics in bacterial airway pathogenesis. Our findings provide metabolic insights into H. influenzae infection biology, raising the possibility of purine synthesis as an anti-H. influenzae target and of purine analog repurposing as an antimicrobial strategy against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Euba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Celia Gil-Campillo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Asensio-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- Asociación de la Industria Navarra (AIN)-Gobierno de Navarra, Cordovilla, Spain
| | - Nahikari López-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Saioa Burgui
- Asociación de la Industria Navarra (AIN)-Gobierno de Navarra, Cordovilla, Spain
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Conexión Nanomedicina-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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