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Xu Y, Le J, Qin J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Li C, Qian X, Zhang A. Decoding the microbiota metabolome in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers: Pathways to precision diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107364. [PMID: 39181345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
We delve into the critical role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) cancers, illuminating an urgent need for breakthroughs in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Given the high mortality rates associated with HBP cancers, which are attributed to aggressive recurrence, metastasis, and poor responses to chemotherapy, exploring microbiome research presents a promising frontier. This research highlights how microbial metabolites, including secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharides, crucially influence cancer cell behaviors such as proliferation, apoptosis, and immune evasion, significantly contributing to the oncogenesis and progression of HBP cancers. By integrating the latest findings, we discuss the association of microbial alterations with HBP cancers, key metabolites, and their implications, and how metabolomics and microbiomics can enhance diagnostic precision. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies for targeted therapies through microbiome metabolomics, including the direct therapeutic effects of microbiome metabolites and potential synergistic effects on conventional therapies. We also recognize that the field of microbial metabolites for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors still has a lot of problems to be solved. The aim of this study is to pioneer microbial metabolite research and provide a reference for HBP cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemiao Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiahan Le
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiangjiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China.
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China.
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Wang W, Zhen S, Ping Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Metabolomic biomarkers in liquid biopsy: accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331215. [PMID: 38384814 PMCID: PMC10879439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, a novel detection method, has recently become an active research area in clinical cancer owing to its unique advantages. Studies on circulating free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes obtained by liquid biopsy have shown great advances and they have entered clinical practice as new cancer biomarkers. The metabolism of the body is dynamic as cancer originates and progresses. Metabolic abnormalities caused by cancer can be detected in the blood, sputum, urine, and other biological fluids via systemic or local circulation. A considerable number of recent studies have focused on the roles of metabolic molecules in cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of metabolic markers from various biological fluids in the latest clinical studies, which may contribute to cancer screening and diagnosis, differentiation of cancer typing, grading and staging, and prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Maekawa M. Analysis of Metabolic Changes in Endogenous Metabolites and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Various Diseases Using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1087-1105. [PMID: 38825462 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of endogenous metabolites in various diseases is useful for searching diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology. The author and collaborators have developed some LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for metabolites and applied them to disease-related samples. First, we identified urinary conjugated cholesterol metabolites and serum N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine serine as useful biomarkers for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). For the purpose of intraoperative diagnosis of glioma patients, we developed the LC/MS/MS analysis methods for 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or cystine and found that they could be good differential biomarkers. For renal cell carcinoma, we searched for various biomarkers for early diagnosis, malignancy evaluation and recurrence prediction by global metabolome analysis and targeted LC/MS/MS analysis. In pathological analysis, we developed a simultaneous LC/MS/MS analysis method for 13 steroid hormones and applied it to NPC cells, we found 6 types of reductions in NPC model cells. For non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), model mice were prepared with special diet and plasma bile acids were measured, and as a result, hydrophilic bile acids were significantly increased. In addition, we developed an LC/MS/MS method for 17 sterols and analyzed liver cholesterol metabolites and found a decrease in phytosterols and cholesterol synthetic markers and an increase in non-enzymatic oxidative sterols in the pre-onset stage of NASH. We will continue to challenge themselves to add value to clinical practice based on cutting-edge analytical chemistry methodology.
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Shen EYL, U MRA, Cox IJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. The Role of Mass Spectrometry in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomarker Discovery. Metabolites 2023; 13:1059. [PMID: 37887384 PMCID: PMC10609223 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main liver malignancy and has a high mortality rate. The discovery of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and stratification purposes has the potential to alleviate its disease burden. Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the principal technologies used in metabolomics, with different experimental methods and machine types for different phases of the biomarker discovery process. Here, we review why MS applications are useful for liver cancer, explain the MS technique, and briefly summarise recent findings from metabolomic MS studies on HCC. We also discuss the current challenges and the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yi-Liang Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mei Ran Abellona U
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - I. Jane Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
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Gok Yavuz B, Datar S, Chamseddine S, Mohamed YI, LaPelusa M, Lee SS, Hu ZI, Koay EJ, Tran Cao HS, Jalal PK, Daniel-MacDougall C, Hassan M, Duda DG, Amin HM, Kaseb AO. The Gut Microbiome as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4875. [PMID: 37835569 PMCID: PMC10571776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is pivotal in maintaining health and influencing disease by modulating essential inflammatory and immune responses. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranking as the third most common cause of cancer-related fatalities globally, is influenced by the gut microbiome through bidirectional interactions between the gut and liver, as evidenced in both mouse models and human studies. Consequently, biomarkers based on gut microbiota represent promising non-invasive tools for the early detection of HCC. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiota may play a role in the efficacy of immunotherapy in different types of cancer; thus, it could be used as a predictive biomarker. In this review, we will dissect the gut microbiome's role as a potential predictive and diagnostic marker in HCC and evaluate the latest progress in leveraging the gut microbiome as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC patients, with a special emphasis on immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Gok Yavuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;
| | - Saumil Datar
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shadi Chamseddine
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Yehia I. Mohamed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Michael LaPelusa
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sunyoung S. Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Zishuo Ian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Eugene J. Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hop S. Tran Cao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Section, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Prasun Kumar Jalal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Carrie Daniel-MacDougall
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.-M.); (M.H.)
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.-M.); (M.H.)
| | - Dan G. Duda
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
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Vilbert M, Koch EC, Rose AAN, Laister RC, Gray D, Sotov V, Penny S, Spreafico A, Pinto DM, Butler MO, Saibil SD. Analysis of the Circulating Metabolome of Patients with Cutaneous, Mucosal and Uveal Melanoma Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles with Implications for Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3708. [PMID: 37509369 PMCID: PMC10378038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) than mucosal and uveal melanoma patients (MM/UM). Aiming to explore these differences and understand the distinct response to ICI, we evaluated the serum metabolome of advanced CM, MM, and UM patients. Levels of 115 metabolites were analyzed in samples collected before ICI, using a targeted metabolomics platform. In our analysis, molecules involved in the tryptophan-kynurenine axis distinguished UM/MM from CM. UM/MM patients had higher levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn), whilst patients with CM were found to have higher levels of kynurenic acid (KA). The KA/3-HKyn ratio was significantly higher in CM versus the other subtypes. UM, the most ICI-resistant subtype, was also associated with higher levels of sphingomyelin-d18:1/22:1 and the polyamine spermine (SPM). Overall survival was prolonged in a cohort of CM patients with lower SPM levels, suggesting there are also conserved metabolic factors promoting ICI resistance across melanoma subtypes. Our study revealed a distinct metabolomic profile between the most resistant melanoma subtypes, UM and MM, compared to CM. Alterations within the kynurenine pathway, polyamine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolic pathway may contribute to the poor response to ICI. Understanding the different metabolomic profiles introduces opportunities for novel therapies with potential synergic activity to ICI, to improve responses of UM/MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Vilbert
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Erica C Koch
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - April A N Rose
- Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Diana Gray
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Valentin Sotov
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samuel D Saibil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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