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Chen S, Lai W, Song X, Lu J, Liang J, Ouyang H, Zheng W, Chen J, Yin Z, Li H, Zhou Y. The distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics and risk factors of pathogens associated with clinical biliary tract infection in humans. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404366. [PMID: 38784792 PMCID: PMC11112516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biliary Infection in patients is a common and important phenomenon resulting in severe complications and high morbidity, while the distributions and drug resistance profiles of biliary bacteria and related risk factors are dynamic. This study explored the characteristics of and risk factors for biliary infection to promote the rational use of antibiotics in clinically. Methods Bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were completed using the Vitek 2 Compact analysis system. The distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics of 3,490 strains of biliary bacteria in patients at Nankai Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed using Whonet 5.6 and SPSS 26.0 software. We then retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and risk factors associated with 2,340 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, which were divided into multidrug-resistant bacteria (1,508 cases) and non-multidrug-resistant bacteria (832 cases) by a multivariate Cox regression model. Results and discussion A total of 3,490 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from bile samples, including 2,340 (67.05%) Gram-negative strains, 1,029 (29.48%) Gram-positive strains, and 109 (4.56%) fungal strains. The top five pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of Escherichia coli resistance to ciprofloxacin increased (p < 0.05), while the resistance to amikacin decreased (p < 0.05). The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporins, carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitors, cephalases, aminoglycosides, and quinolones increased (p < 0.05), and the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticacillin/clavulanic acid, and amicacin declined significantly (p < 0.05). The resistance of Enterococcus faecium to tetracycline increased by year (p < 0.05), and the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to erythromycin and high-concentration gentamicin declined (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the administration of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins was an independent risk factor for biliary infection. In summary, Gram-negative bacilli were the most common pathogenic bacteria isolated from biliary infection patients, especially Escherichia coli, and the rates and patterns of drug resistance were high and in constant flux; therefore, rational antimicrobial drug use should be carried out considering risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
- Central Laboratory, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Lai
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejing Song
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
- Central Laboratory, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiongtang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxin Liang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenggang Yin
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Accurate Etiological Research on the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Cancer, Guangdong, China
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Chen R, Li X, Ding J, Wan J, Zhang X, Jiang X, Duan S, Hu X, Gao Y, Sun B, Lu X, Wang R, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Han S. Profiles of biliary microbiota in biliary obstruction patients with Clonorchis sinensis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1281745. [PMID: 38164415 PMCID: PMC10757933 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1281745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is a epidemiologically significant food-borne parasite, causing several hepatobiliary diseases. Biliary microbiota community structure might be influenced by infection with pathogens. However, the biliary microbiome of biliary obstruction patients infected with C. sinensis is still an unexplored aspect. Methods A total of 50 biliary obstruction patients were enrolled, including 24 infected with C. sinensis and 26 non-infected subjects. The bile samples were collected by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancretography. Biliary microbiota alteration was analyzed through high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Results Our findings revealed that there was significant increase in both richness and diversity, as well as changes in the taxonomic composition of the biliary microbiota of C. sinensis infected patients. At the phylum level, C. sinensis infection induced Proteobacteria increased and Firmicutes reduced. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus increased significantly, while Enterococcus decreased prominently in infected groups (P < 0.05). The PICRUSt analysis further showed remarkably different metabolic pathways between the two groups. Conclusion C. sinensis infection could modify the biliary microbiota, increasing the abundance and changing the phylogenetic composition of bacterial in biliary obstruction patients. This study may help deepen the understanding of the host-biliary microbiota interplay with C. sinensis infection on the background of biliary obstruction and provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yannan Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Han
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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