1
|
Appleby S, Aitken-Buck HM, Holdaway MS, Byers MS, Frampton CM, Paton LN, Richards AM, Lamberts RR, Pemberton CJ. Cardiac effects of myoregulin in ischemia-reperfusion. Peptides 2024; 174:171156. [PMID: 38246425 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Myoregulin is a recently discovered micropeptide that controls calcium levels by inhibiting the intracellular calcium pump sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Keeping calcium levels balanced in the heart is essential for normal heart functioning, thus myoregulin has the potential to be a crucial regulator of cardiac muscle performance by reducing the rate of intracellular Ca2+ uptake. We provide the first report of myoregulin mRNA expression in human heart tissue, absence of expression in human plasma, and the effects of myoregulin on cardiac hemodynamics in an ex vivo Langendorff isolated rat heart model of ischemia/reperfusion. In this preliminary study, myoregulin provided a cardio-protective effect, as assessed by preservation of left ventricular contractility and relaxation, during ischemia/reperfusion. This study provides the foundation for future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Appleby
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Mark S Holdaway
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Mathew S Byers
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Chris M Frampton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Louise N Paton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - A Mark Richards
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Department of Cardiology, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore.
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher J Pemberton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng H, Patel TA, Liu X, Patel KP. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the paraventricular nucleus-mediated renal sympatho-inhibition. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1162699. [PMID: 37082246 PMCID: PMC10110992 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1162699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume reflex produces sympatho-inhibition that is mediated by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, the mechanisms for the sympatho-inhibitory role of the PVN and the neurochemical factors involved remain to be identified. In this study, we proposed C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a potential mediator of this sympatho-inhibition within the PVN. Microinjection of CNP (1.0 μg) into the PVN significantly decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) (−25.8% ± 1.8% vs. −3.6% ± 1.5%), mean arterial pressure (−15.0 ± 1.9 vs. −0.1 ± 0.9 mmHg) and heart rate (−23.6 ± 3.5 vs. −0.3 ± 0.9 beats/min) compared with microinjection of vehicle. Picoinjection of CNP significantly decreased the basal discharge of extracellular single-unit recordings in 5/6 (83%) rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-projecting PVN neurons and in 6/13 (46%) of the neurons that were not antidromically activated from the RVLM. We also observed that natriuretic peptide receptor type C (NPR-C) was present on the RVLM projecting PVN neurons detected by dual-labeling with retrograde tracer. Prior NPR-C siRNA microinjection into the PVN significantly blunted the decrease in RSNA to CNP microinjections into the PVN. Volume expansion-mediated reduction in RSNA was significantly blunted by prior administration of NPR-C siRNA into the PVN. These results suggest a potential role for CNP within the PVN in regulating RSNA, specifically under physiological conditions of alterations in fluid balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Hong Zheng,
| | - Tapan A. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kerr B, Brandon L. Atrial Fibrillation, thromboembolic risk, and the potential role of the natriuretic peptides, a focus on BNP and NT-proBNP - A narrative review. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 43:101132. [PMID: 36246770 PMCID: PMC9562601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most commonly encountered arrythmia in clinical practice. AF itself can be driven by genetic predisposition, ectopic electrical activity, and abnormal atrial tissue substrates. Often there is no single etiological mechanism, but rather a combination of factors that feed back to remodel and worsen tissue substrate, "AF begets AF". The clinical consequences of AF can often include emboli, heart failure, and early mortality. The classical AF cardioembolic (CE) concept requires thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage, with subsequent embolization. The temporal dissociation between AF occurrence and CE events has thrown doubt on AF as the driver of this mechanism. Instead, there has been a resurgence of the "atrial cardiomyopathy" (ACM) concept. An ACM is proposed as a potential mechanism of embolic disease through promotion of prothrombotic mechanisms, with AF instead reflecting atrial disease severity. Regardless, AF has been implicated in 25% to 30% of cryptogenic strokes. Natriuretic peptide(NP)s have been shown to be elevated in AF, with higher levels of both NT-proBNP and BNP being predictive of incidental AF. NPs potentially reflect the atrial environment and could be used to identify an underlying ACM. Therefore, this narrative review examines this evidence and mechanisms that may underpin the role of NPs in identifying atrial dysfunction, with focus on both, BNP and NTproBNP. We explore their potential role in the prediction and screening for both, ACM and AF. Moreover, we compare both NPs directly to ascertain a superior biomarker.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACM, Atrial cardiomyopathy
- AF, Atrial fibrillation
- ARISTOTLE trial, Apixaban For Reduction In Stroke And Other Thromboembolic Events In Atrial Fibrillation Trial
- ASSERT trial, Atrial Fibrillation Evaluation In Pacemaker Patient’s Trial
- ASSERT-II trial, Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in Pacemaker Patients and the Atrial Fibrillation Reduction Atrial Pacing Trial
- AUC, Area Under The Curve
- Atrial cardiomyopathy
- Atrial fibrillation
- BNP
- BNP, Brain natriuretic peptide
- CE, Cardioembolic
- CHA2DS2-Vasc, Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75, Diabetes, Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism, Vascular Disease, Age 65–74
- CHARGE, Cohorts For Heart And Aging Research In Genomic Epidemiology
- CI, Confidence Intervals
- CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide
- EHRAS, EHRA/ HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE
- ESUS, Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source
- IMPACT Trial, Implementation of An RCT To Improve Treatment With Oral Anticoagulants In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
- MR-proANP, Mid Regional Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- NP, Natriuretic peptide
- NT-proBNP
- NT-proBNP, N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide
- Natriuretic peptides
- RE-LY study, The Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy study
- SE, Standard Error
- TE, Thromboembolic event
- TIA, Transient ischemic attack
- TRENDS trial, A Prospective Study of the Clinical Significance of Atrial Arrhythmias Detected by Implanted Device Diagnostics
Collapse
|
4
|
Physiological and Pathophysiological Effects of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on the Heart. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060911. [PMID: 35741432 PMCID: PMC9219612 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CNP was not previously regarded as an important cardiac modulator. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with its cognate natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. In this review, I introduce the history of research on CNP in the cardiac field. Abstract C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike other members, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are cardiac hormones secreted from the atrium and ventricle of the heart, respectively, CNP is regarded as an autocrine/paracrine regulator with broad expression in the body. Because of its low expression levels compared to ANP and BNP, early studies failed to show its existence and role in the heart. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with the distribution of its specific natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. NPR-B generates intracellular cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) upon CNP binding, followed by various molecular effects including the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases, which generates diverse cytoprotective actions in cardiomyocytes, as well as in cardiac fibroblasts. CNP exerts negative inotropic and positive lusitropic responses in both normal and failing heart models. Furthermore, osteocrin, the intrinsic and specific ligand for the clearance receptor for natriuretic peptides, can augment the effects of CNP and may supply a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac protection.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ono K, Niwa M, Suzuki H, Kobayashi NB, Yoshida T, Sawada M. Signal Sequence-Dependent Orientation of Signal Peptide Fragments to Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063137. [PMID: 35328557 PMCID: PMC8950404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptides (SPs) not only mediate targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but also play important roles as biomarkers and substances with physiological activity in extracellular fluids including blood. SPs are thought to be degraded intracellularly, making it unclear how they are transported from the ER to the extracellular fluid. In a recent study, we showed that a C-terminal fragment of the SP of a type I membrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), was secreted into the extracellular fluid via exosomes using transformed HEK293 cells expressing APP SP flanking a reporter protein. In the present study, we demonstrate that a N-terminal fragment of the SP from a type II membrane protein, human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), is contained in exosomes and secreted into the extracellular fluid using HEK-Blue hTLR3 cells, which express both a human toll-like receptor 3 gene and an inducible SEAP reporter gene. When HEK-Blue hTLR3 cells were stimulated with a TLR3 ligand, a N-terminal fragment of SEAP SP in exosomes was increased in parallel with SEAP secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that SP fragments are exosomal components. In addition, migrating SP fragments were determined by characteristics of the signal–anchor sequence of membrane proteins. Furthermore, we found that SP fragments could bind to calmodulin (CALM), which is a cytosolic protein and also a component of exosomes, suggesting its involvement in the transportation of SP fragments from the endoplasmic reticulum to exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ono
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-789-5002; Fax: +81-52-789-3994
| | - Mikio Niwa
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.N.); (N.B.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nahoko Bailey Kobayashi
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.N.); (N.B.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tetsuhiko Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.N.); (N.B.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ono K, Niwa M, Suzuki H, Kobayashi NB, Yoshida T, Sawada M. Secretion of signal peptides via extracellular vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 560:21-26. [PMID: 33964503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptides (SPs) consist of short peptide sequences present at the N-terminal of newly synthesizing proteins and act as a zip code for the translocation of the proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It was thought that the SPs are intracellularly degraded after translocation to the ER; however, recent studies showed cleaved SPs have diverse roles for controlling cell functions in auto- and/or intercellular manners. In addition, it still remains obscure how SP fragments translocate away from the site where they are produced. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are important for intercellular communication and can transport functional molecules to specific cells. In this study, we show that SPs are involved in EV from T-REx AspALP cells that were transfected with a human APP SP-inducible expression vector. There was no difference in the average particle size or particle concentration of EV collected from T-REx AspALP cells and T-REx Mock cells. When the SP content in the EV was examined by mass spectrometry, the C-terminal fragment of APP SP was identified in the exosomes (SEV) of T-REx AspALP cells. In our preparation of SEV fractions, no ER-specific proteins were detected; therefore, SPs may be included in SEV but not in the debris of degraded ER. This is the first indication that SPs are secreted from cells via EV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ono
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Mikio Niwa
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuhiko Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu JS, Mu LM, Bu YZ, Liu L, Yan Y, Hu YJ, Bai J, Zhang JY, Lu W, Lu WL. C-type natriuretic peptide-modified lipid vesicles: fabrication and use for the treatment of brain glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40906-40921. [PMID: 28402948 PMCID: PMC5522305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy of brain glioma faces a major obstacle owing to the inability of drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Besides, neovasculatures in brain glioma site result in a rapid infiltration, making complete surgical removal virtually impossible. Herein, we reported a novel kind of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) modified vinorelbine lipid vesicles for transferring drug across the BBB, and for treating brain glioma along with disrupting neovasculatures. The studies were performed on brain glioma U87-MG cells in vitro and on glioma-bearing nude mice in vivo. The results showed that the CNP-modified vinorelbine lipid vesicles could transport vinorelbine across the BBB, kill the brain glioma, and destroy neovasculatures effectively. The above mechanisms could be associated with the following aspects, namely, long circulation in the blood; drug transport across the BBB via natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPRB)-mediated transcytosis; elimination of brain glioma cells and disruption of neovasculatures by targeting uptake and cytotoxic injury. Besides, CNP-modified vinorelbine lipid vesicles could induce apoptosis of the glioma cells. The mechanisms could be related to the activations of caspase 8, caspase 3, p53, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of survivin. Hence, CNP-modified lipid vesicles could be used as a carrier material for treating brain glioma and disabling glioma neovasculatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Min Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Zi Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|