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Zhen S, Wang G, Li X, Yang J, Yu J, Wang Y. Discovering peptide inhibitors of thrombin as a strategy for anticoagulation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36849. [PMID: 38215083 PMCID: PMC10783423 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Unusual blood clots can cause serious health problems, such as lung embolism, stroke, and heart attack. Inhibiting thrombin activity was adopted as an effective strategy for preventing blood clots. In this study, we explored computational-based method for designing peptide inhibitors of human thrombin therapeutic peptides to prevent platelet aggregation. The random peptides and their 3-dimentional structures were generated to build a virtual peptide library. The generated peptides were docked into the binding pocket of human thrombin. The designed strong binding peptides were aligned with the native binder by comparative study, and we showed the top 5 peptide binders display strong binding affinity against human thrombin. The 5 peptides were synthesized and validated their inhibitory activity. Our result showed the 5-mer peptide AEGYA, EVVNQ, and FASRW with inhibitory activity against thrombin, range from 0.53 to 4.35 μM. In vitro anti-platelet aggregation assay was carried out, suggesting the 3 peptides can inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. This study showed computer-aided peptide inhibitor design can be a robust method for finding potential binders for thrombin, which provided solutions for anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of General Practice, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yucong Wang
- Department of Visual Communication Design, Gengdan Institute of Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Hamzah M, Seelhammer TG, Beshish AG, Byrnes J, Yabrodi M, Szadkowski A, Lutfi R, Andrijasevic N, Hock K, Worley S, Macrae DJ. Bivalirudin or heparin for systemic anticoagulation during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Multicenter retrospective study. Thromb Res 2023; 229:178-186. [PMID: 37517208 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of unfractionated heparin (UFH) compared to bivalirudin anticoagulation in pediatric ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). METHODS A multicenter retrospective study, that included pediatric patients <18 years of age, who were supported on ECMO between June 2017 and May 2020. Patients treated with UFH were matched 2:1 by age and type of ECMO support to the bivalirudin group. RESULTS The bivalirudin group (75 patients) were matched to 150 patients treated with UFH. Baseline characteristics and comorbidities of the two groups were similar. Veno-Arterial ECMO was the most common mode (141/225 [63 %]) followed by extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (48/225 [21 %]). Bivalirudin treatment was associated with lower odds of bleeding events (aOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.12-0.45, p < 0.001) and lower odds of thrombotic events (aOR 0.48, 95%CI 0.23-0.98, p = 0.045). Patients who received bivalirudin had lesser odds for transfusion with fresh frozen plasma, and platelets (aOR 0.26, CI 0.12-0.57, p ≤0.001 and aOR 0.28, CI 0.15-0.53, p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for the type of ECMO support and adjusting for age, bivalirudin was associated with a decrease in hospital mortality by 50 % compared to the UFH group (aOR 0.50, 95%CI 0.27-0.93, p = 0.028). Similarly, for neurological disability at time of discharge, bivalirudin was associated with higher odds of intact neurological outcomes compared to UFH (OR 1.99 [95%CI 1.13-3.51], p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that effective anticoagulation can be achieved with bivalirudin, which was associated with lesser odds of bleeding events and utilization of blood products. Bivalirudin, in comparison with UFH, was associated with greater odds of hospital survival and intact neurological function at the time of discharge. A prospective randomized trial is required to validate the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamzah
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Troy G Seelhammer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Asaad G Beshish
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Byrnes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mouhammad Yabrodi
- Department of Pediatrics Critical Care, Indiana University, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam Szadkowski
- Departments of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Riad Lutfi
- Department of Pediatrics Critical Care, Indiana University, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicole Andrijasevic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristal Hock
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Worley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duncan J Macrae
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Davidson S. Assays to Monitor Bivalirudin. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2663:369-380. [PMID: 37204724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bivalirudin (Angiomax, Angiox) is a parenteral direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) that is used for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), where heparin cannot be used due to the risk of thrombosis. Bivalirudin is also licensed for use in cardiology procedures (e.g., percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PTCA). Bivalirudin is a synthetic analogue of hirudin found in the saliva of the medicinal leech and has a relatively short half-life of ~25 min. Several assays can be used to monitor bivalirudin; these include the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), activated clotting time (ACT), ecarin clotting time (ECT), an ecarin-based chromogenic assay, thrombin time (TT), the dilute TT, and the prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT). Drug concentrations can also be measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and clotting or chromogenic-based assays with specific drug calibrators and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Davidson
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Schanze N, Hamad MA, Nührenberg TG, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Platelets in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Hamostaseologie 2022; 43:110-121. [PMID: 35913081 PMCID: PMC10132858 DOI: 10.1055/a-1739-9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), remains a leading cause of global mortality. Rapid reperfusion therapy is key to the improvement of patient outcome but contributes substantially to the final cardiac damage. This phenomenon is called "ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)." The underlying mechanisms of IRI are complex and not fully understood. Contributing cellular and molecular mechanisms involve the formation of microthrombi, alterations in ion concentrations, pH shifts, dysregulation of osmolality, and, importantly, inflammation. Beyond their known action as drivers of the development of coronary plaques leading to MI, platelets have been identified as important mediators in myocardial IRI. Circulating platelets are activated by the IRI-provoked damages in the vascular endothelium. This leads to platelet adherence to the reperfused endothelium, aggregation, and the formation of microthrombi. Furthermore, activated platelets release vasoconstrictive substances, act via surface molecules, and enhance leukocyte infiltration into post-IR tissue, that is, via platelet-leukocyte complexes. A better understanding of platelet contributions to myocardial IRI, including their interaction with other lesion-associated cells, is necessary to develop effective treatment strategies to prevent IRI and further improve the condition of the reperfused myocardium. In this review, we briefly summarize platelet properties that modulate IRI. We also describe the beneficial impacts of antiplatelet agents as well as their mechanisms of action in IRI beyond classic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Muataz Ali Hamad
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Georg Nührenberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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