1
|
Tillmanns J, Weiglein JM, Neuser J, Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, König T, Diekmann J, Ross T, Bengel FM, Bauersachs J, Derlin T. Circulating soluble fibroblast activation protein (FAP) levels are independent of cardiac and extra-cardiac FAP expression determined by targeted molecular imaging in patients with myocardial FAP activation. Int J Cardiol 2024; 406:132044. [PMID: 38614364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha (FAP) is overexpressed in various types of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. A soluble form of FAP has been detected in human plasma, and low circulating FAP concentrations are associated with increased risk of death in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, little is known about the regulation and release of FAP from fibroblasts, and whether circulating FAP concentration is associated with tissue FAP expression. This study characterizes the release of FAP in human cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and analyzes the association of circulating FAP concentrations with in vivo tissue FAP expression in patients with acute (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI) and chronic (severe aortic stenosis, AS) myocardial FAP expression. METHODS AND RESULTS FAP was released from CF in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. FAP concentration was higher in supernatant of TGFβ-stimulated CF, and correlated with cellular FAP concentration. Inhibition of metallo- and serine-proteases diminished FAP release in vitro. Median FAP concentrations of patients with acute (77 ng/mL) and chronic (75 ng/mL, p = 0.50 vs. STEMI) myocardial FAP expression did not correlate with myocardial nor extra-myocardial nor total FAP volume (P ≥ 0.61 in all cases) measured by whole-body FAP-targeted positron emission tomography. CONCLUSION We describe a time- and concentration dependent, protease-mediated release of FAP from cardiac fibroblasts. Circulating FAP concentrations were not associated with increased in vivo tissue FAP expression determined by molecular imaging in patients with both chronic and acute myocardial FAP expression. These data suggest that circulating FAP and tissue FAP expression provide complementary, non-interchangeable information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tillmanns
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - J M Weiglein
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Neuser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Fraccarollo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T König
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Diekmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delgado-Arija M, Genovés P, Pérez-Carrillo L, González-Torrent I, Giménez-Escamilla I, Martínez-Dolz L, Portolés M, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E. Plasma fibroblast activation protein is decreased in acute heart failure despite cardiac tissue upregulation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:124. [PMID: 38297310 PMCID: PMC10832198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has an emerging role in heart failure (HF). A paradoxical reduction in its levels in pathological conditions associated with acute processes has been observed. We aimed to identify FAP cardiac tissue expression and its relationship with the main cardiac fibrosis-related signaling pathways, and to compare plasma FAP levels in acute and chronic HF patients. METHODS Transcriptomic changes were assessed via mRNA/ncRNA-seq in left ventricle tissue from HF patients (n = 57) and controls (n = 10). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to explore FAP protein levels and localization in cardiac tissue. ELISA was performed to examine plasma FAP levels in acute HF (n = 48), chronic HF (n = 15) and control samples (n = 7). RESULTS FAP overexpression in cardiac tissue is related to the expression of molecules directly involved in cardiac fibrosis, such as POSTN, THBS4, MFAP5, COL1A2 and COL3A1 (P < 0.001), and is directly and inversely related to pro- and antifibrotic microRNAs, respectively. The observed FAP overexpression is not reflected in plasma. Circulating FAP levels were lower in acute HF patients than in controls (P < 0.05), while chronic HF patients did not show significant changes. The clinical variables analyzed, such as functional class or etiology, do not affect plasma FAP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We determined that in HF cardiac tissue, FAP is related to the main cardiac fibrosis signaling pathways as well as to pro- and antifibrotic microRNAs. Additionally, an acute phase of HF decreases plasma FAP levels despite the upregulation observed in cardiac tissue and regardless of other clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Delgado-Arija
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Genovés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Avd. de Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Pérez-Carrillo
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene González-Torrent
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isaac Giménez-Escamilla
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu Z, Huang Y, Chen H, Jiang Z, Li C, Xie Y, Li Z, Cheng X, Liu Y, Li S, Liang Y, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Brain Imaging. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1745-1757. [PMID: 37974629 PMCID: PMC10644484 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is closely related to central nervous system diseases such as stroke and brain tumors, but PET tracers that can be used for brain imaging have not been reported. Here, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated 18F-labeled UAMC1110 derivatives suitable for brain imaging targeting FAP. By substituting the F atom for the H atom on the aromatic ring of compound UAMC1110, 1a-c were designed and prepared. 1a-c were confirmed to have a high affinity for FAP through molecular docking and enzyme assay. [18F]1a-c were successfully prepared and confirmed to have high affinity. The stability in vivo indicates that no obvious metabolites of [18F]1a,b were found in the plasma 1 h after injection, which is beneficial for brain imaging. In vitro cell uptake experiments showed that [18F]1a,b and [68Ga]FAPI04 exhibited similar uptake and internalization rates. PET imaging of U87MG subcutaneous tumor showed that [18F]1a,b could penetrate the blood-brain barrier with higher uptake and longer retention time than [68Ga]FAPI04 (uptake at 62.5 min, 1.06 ± 0.23, 1.09 ± 0.25% ID/g vs 0.21 ± 0.10% ID/g, respectively). The brain-to-blood ratios of [18F]1a,b were better than [68Ga]FAPI04. Biodistribution and PET imaging showed that [18F]1a had better uptake on tumors and a higher tumor-to-muscle ratio than [18F]1b and [68Ga]FAPI04. Further imaging of U87MG intracranial glioma showed that [18F]1a outlined high-contrast gliomas in a short period of time compared to [18F]1b. Therefore, [18F]1a is expected to be useful in the diagnosis of FAP-related brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Yu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical
University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department
of Laboratory Animal Science, Capital Medical
University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|