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Shlapakova PS, Dobrynina LA, Kalashnikova LA, Gubanova MV, Danilova MS, Gnedovskaya EV, Grigorenko AP, Gusev FE, Manakhov AD, Rogaev EI. Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Cervical Artery Dissection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5205. [PMID: 38791244 PMCID: PMC11121660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is the primary cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Monogenic heritable connective tissue diseases account for fewer than 5% of cases of CeAD. The remaining sporadic cases have known risk factors. The clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics of systemic vasculopathy and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia are present in up to 70% of individuals with sporadic CeAD. Genome-wide association studies identified CeAD-associated genetic variants in the non-coding genomic regions that may impact the gene transcription and RNA processing. However, global gene expression profile analysis has not yet been carried out for CeAD patients. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis to investigate the expression profile of protein-coding genes in the peripheral blood of 19 CeAD patients and 18 healthy volunteers. This was followed by functional annotation, heatmap clustering, reports on gene-disease associations and protein-protein interactions, as well as gene set enrichment analysis. We found potential correlations between CeAD and the dysregulation of genes linked to nucleolar stress, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, mitochondrial malfunction, and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S. Shlapakova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Larisa A. Dobrynina
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Ludmila A. Kalashnikova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Mariia V. Gubanova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Maria S. Danilova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Elena V. Gnedovskaya
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia; (P.S.S.); (L.A.K.); (M.V.G.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Anastasia P. Grigorenko
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia (F.E.G.)
| | - Fedor E. Gusev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia (F.E.G.)
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; (A.D.M.)
| | - Andrey D. Manakhov
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; (A.D.M.)
- Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia
| | - Evgeny I. Rogaev
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; (A.D.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, 222 Maple Ave, Reed-Rose-Gordon Building, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
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Zha Q, Shi Y, Shi Z, Huang F, Wang Y, Jin H, Chen Y, Luo C, Chen B, Li J, Qiao C, Shen W. Loeys-Dietz syndrome with concomitant aplastic anemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1793-1795. [PMID: 38305921 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxun Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Baichuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Wang K, Xiao Y, Zhang W, Yang H, Li C, Wang J, Li G. Elucidating key immunological biomarkers and immune microenvironment dynamics in aging-related intracranial aneurysm through integrated multi-omics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2642-2654. [PMID: 38214030 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact cause of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still unclear. However, pro-inflammatory factors are known to contribute to IA progression. The specific changes in the immune microenvironment of IAs remain largely unexplored. METHODS This study analyzed single-cell sequencing data from a male mouse model of brain aneurysm, focusing on samples before and after elastase-induced Willis aneurysms. The data helped identify eight distinct cell subpopulations: fibroblasts, macrophages, NK cells, endothelial cells, B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. The study also involved bulk RNA sequencing of 97 IA samples, utilizing ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms for analysis. Intercellular communication among these cells was inferred to understand the immune dynamics in IA. RESULTS The study found that fibroblasts and macrophages are predominant in various disease states of IA. Notably, the onset of IA was marked by a significant increase in fibroblasts and a decrease in macrophages. There was a marked increase in cellular interactions, especially involving macrophages, at the onset of the disease. Through enrichment analysis, 12 potential immunogenic biomarkers were identified. Of these, Rgs1 emerged as a critical molecule in IA formation, confirmed through secondary validation in a single-cell sequencing dataset. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis of immune cell composition and intercellular communication in IA tissues highlights the significant roles of macrophages and the molecule Rgs1. These findings shed light on the physiological and pathological conditions of IA, offering new insights into its immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiguang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan H, Ju X, Huang A, Yuan J. Advancements in technology for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2151-2167. [PMID: 38617534 PMCID: PMC11008272 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.92525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays a key role in cancer treatment, however, responses are limited to a small number of patients. The biological basis for the success of immunotherapy is the complex interaction between tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Historically, research on tumor immune constitution was limited to the analysis of one or two markers, more novel technologies are needed to interpret the complex interactions between tumor cells and TIME. In recent years, major advances have already been made in depicting TIME at a considerably elevated degree of throughput, dimensionality and resolution, allowing dozens of markers to be labeled simultaneously, and analyzing the heterogeneity of tumour-immune infiltrates in detail at the single cell level, depicting the spatial landscape of the entire microenvironment, as well as applying artificial intelligence (AI) to interpret a large amount of complex data from TIME. In this review, we summarized emerging technologies that have made contributions to the field of TIME, and provided prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Chen C, Zheng L, Zeng G, Chen Y, Liu W, Song W. Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers for tenosynovial giant cell tumour by integrating microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing data. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:905. [PMID: 38017559 PMCID: PMC10685511 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a benign hyperplastic and inflammatory disease of the joint synovium or tendon sheaths, which may be misdiagnosed due to its atypical symptoms and imaging features. We aimed to identify biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity to aid in diagnosing TGCT. METHODS Two scRNA-seq datasets (GSE210750 and GSE152805) and two microarray datasets (GSE3698 and GSE175626) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By integrating the scRNA-seq datasets, we discovered that the osteoclasts are abundant in TGCT in contrast to the control. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) further validated this discovery. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the GSE3698 dataset were screened and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted. Osteoclast-specific up-regulated genes (OCSURGs) were identified by intersecting the osteoclast marker genes in the scRNA-seq and the up-regulated DEGs in the microarray and by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm. The expression levels of OCSURGs were validated by an external dataset GSE175626. Then, single gene GSEA, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and gene-drug network of OCSURGs were performed. RESULT 22 seurat clusters were acquired and annotated into 10 cell types based on the scRNA-seq data. TGCT had a larger population of osteoclasts compared to the control. A total of 159 osteoclast marker genes and 104 DEGs (including 61 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes) were screened from the scRNA-seq analysis and the microarray analysis. Three OCSURGs (MMP9, SPP1, and TYROBP) were finally identified. The AUC of the ROC curve in the training and testing datasets suggested a favourable diagnostic capability. The PPI network results illustrated the protein-protein interaction of each OCSURG. Drugs that potentially target the OCSURGs were predicted by the DGIdb database. CONCLUSION MMP9, SPP1, and TYROBP were identified as osteoclast-specific up-regulated genes of the tenosynovial giant cell tumour via bioinformatic analysis, which had a reasonable diagnostic efficiency and served as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yingfeng Road, 33rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linli Zheng
- Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yingfeng Road, 33rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yingfeng Road, 33rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenzhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yingfeng Road, 33rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yingfeng Road, 33rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Lareyre F, Chaudhuri A, Nasr B, Raffort J. Machine Learning and Omics Analysis in Aortic Aneurysm. Angiology 2023:33197231206427. [PMID: 37817423 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231206427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition and mechanisms underlying its formation and progression are still incompletely understood. Omics approach has brought new insights to identify a broad spectrum of biomarkers and better understand cellular and molecular pathways involved. Omics generate a large amount of data and several studies have highlighted that artificial intelligence (AI) and techniques such as machine learning (ML)/deep learning (DL) can be of use in analyzing such complex datasets. However, only a few studies have so far reported the use of ML/DL for omics analysis in aortic aneurysms. The aim of this study is to summarize recent advances on the use of ML/DL for omics analysis to decipher aortic aneurysm pathophysiology and develop patient-tailored risk prediction models. In the light of current knowledge, we discuss current limits and highlight future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lareyre
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Antibes Juan-les-Pins, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Arindam Chaudhuri
- Bedfordshire-Milton Keynes Vascular Centre, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK
| | - Bahaa Nasr
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- INSERM UMR 1101, LaTIM, Brest, France
| | - Juliette Raffort
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
- 3IA Institute, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Zhong C, Si Y, Yang H, Zhou C, Chen Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Chen C, Shi H, Lai X, Tang H. Identification of monocyte-associated pathways participated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension based on omics-data. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12319. [PMID: 38130888 PMCID: PMC10733707 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one kind of chronic and uncurable diseases that can cause heart failure. Immune microenvironment plays a significant role in PAH. The aim of this study was to assess the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathogenesis of PAH. Differentially expressed genes based on microarray data were enriched in several immune-related pathways. To evaluate the immune cell infiltration, based on the microarray data sets in the GEO database, we used both ssGSEA and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to further explicit the specific role and intercellular communications. Then receiver operating characteristic curves and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to discover and test the potential diagnostic biomarkers for PAH. Both the immune cell infiltration analyses based on the microarray data sets and the cell proportion in scRNA-seq data exhibited a significant downregulation in the infiltration of monocytes in PAH. Then, the intercellular communications showed that the interaction weighs of most immune cells, including monocytes changed between the control and PAH groups, and the ITGAL-ITGB2 and ICAM signaling pathways played critical roles in this process. In addition, ITGAM and ICAM2 displayed good diagnosis values in PAH. This study implicated that the change of monocyte was one of the key immunologic features of PAH. Monocyte-associated ICAM-1 and ITGAL-ITGB2 signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yachen Si
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yalong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Rega S, Farina F, Bouhuis S, de Donato S, Chiesa M, Poggio P, Cavallotti L, Bonalumi G, Giambuzzi I, Pompilio G, Perrucci GL. Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 37475058 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rega
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Bouhuis
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia de Donato
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallotti
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonalumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giambuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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