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Menz A, Zerneke J, Viehweger F, Büyücek S, Dum D, Schlichter R, Hinsch A, Bawahab AA, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Möller K, Lutz F, Reiswich V, Luebke AM, Lebok P, Weidemann SA, Sauter G, Lennartz M, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Marx AH, Simon R, Steurer S, Burandt E, Gorbokon N, Minner S, Krech T. Stimulator of Interferon Genes Protein (STING) Expression in Cancer Cells: A Tissue Microarray Study Evaluating More than 18,000 Tumors from 139 Different Tumor Entities. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2425. [PMID: 39001487 PMCID: PMC11240524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) activates the immune response in inflammatory cells. STING expression in cancer cells is less well characterized, but STING agonists are currently being evaluated as anticancer drugs. A tissue microarray containing 18,001 samples from 139 different tumor types was analyzed for STING by immunohistochemistry. STING-positive tumor cells were found in 130 (93.5%) of 139 tumor entities. The highest STING positivity rates occurred in squamous cell carcinomas (up to 96%); malignant mesothelioma (88.5%-95.7%); adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (94.9%), lung (90.3%), cervix (90.0%), colorectum (75.2%), and gallbladder (68.8%); and serous high-grade ovarian cancer (86.0%). High STING expression was linked to adverse phenotypes in breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (p < 0.05). In pTa urothelial carcinomas, STING expression was associated with low-grade carcinoma (p = 0.0002). Across all tumors, STING expression paralleled PD-L1 positivity of tumor and inflammatory cells (p < 0.0001 each) but was unrelated to the density of CD8+ lymphocytes. STING expression is variable across tumor types and may be related to aggressive tumor phenotype and PD-L1 positivity. The lack of relationship with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes argues against a significant IFN production by STING positive tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Zerneke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seyma Büyücek
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49078 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49078 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49078 Osnabrueck, Germany
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Lee SS, Oudjedi F, Kirk AG, Paliouras M, Trifiro MA. Photothermal therapy of papillary thyroid cancer tumor xenografts with targeted thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are being widely investigated in multiple biomedical applications including, and not limited to, drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Their large surface area and aspect ratio in addition to their unique structural, optical properties, and thermal conductivity also make them potent candidates for novel hyperthermia therapy. Here we introduce thyroid hormone stimulating receptor (TSHR) antibody–conjugate–MWCNT formulation as an enhanced tumor targeting and light-absorbing device for the photoablation of xenografted BCPAP papillary thyroid cancer tumors. To ensure successful photothermal tumor ablation, we determined three key criteria that needed to be addressed: (1) predictive pre-operational modeling; (2) real-time monitoring of the tumor ablation process; and (3) post-operational follow-up to assess the efficacy and ensure complete response with minimal side effects. A COMSOL-based model of spatial temperature distributions of MWCNTs upon selected laser irradiation of the tumor was prepared to accurately predict the internal tumor temperature. This modeling ensured that 4.5W of total laser power delivered over 2 min, would cause an increase of tumor temperature above 45 ℃, and be needed to completely ablate the tumor while minimizing the damage to neighboring tissues. Experimentally, our temperature monitoring results were in line with our predictive modeling, with effective tumor photoablation leading to a significantly reduced post 5-week tumor recurrence using the TSHR-targeted MWCNTs. Ultimately, the results from this study support a utility for photosensitive biologically modified MWCNTs as a cancer therapeutic modality. Further studies will assist with the transition of photothermal therapy from preclinical studies to clinical evaluations.
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Lieb V, Abdulrahman A, Weigelt K, Hauch S, Gombert M, Guzman J, Bellut L, Goebell PJ, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, Wullich B, Taubert H, Wach S. Cell-Free DNA Sequencing Reveals Gene Variants in DNA Damage Repair Genes Associated with Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223618. [PMID: 36429046 PMCID: PMC9688453 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we further analyzed the data obtained in our previous study, where we investigated the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 34 progressive prostate cancer patients via targeted sequencing. Here, we studied the occurrence and prognostic impact of sequence variants according to their clinical pathological significance (CPS) or their functional impact (FI) in 23 DNA damage repair (DDR) genes with a focus on the ATM serine/threonine kinase gene (ATM). All patients had at least one DDR gene with a CPS or FI variant. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the group with a higher number of CPS variants in DDR genes had a shorter time to treatment change (TTC) compared to the group with a lower number of CPS variants (p = 0.038). Analysis of each DDR gene revealed that CPS variants in the ATM gene and FI variants in the nibrin (NBN) gene showed a shorter TTC (p = 0.034 and p = 0.042). In addition, patients with CPS variants in the ATM gene had shorter overall survival (OS; p = 0.022) and disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.010) than patients without these variants. Interestingly, patients with CPS variants in seven DDR genes possessed a better OS (p = 0.008) and DSS (p = 0.009), and patients with FI variants in four DDR genes showed a better OS (p = 0.007) and DSS (p = 0.008). Together, these findings demonstrated that the analysis of cfDNA for gene variants in DDR genes provides prognostic information that may be helpful for future temporal and targeted treatment decisions for advanced PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amer Abdulrahman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Weigelt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J. Goebell
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-93138523373
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Lelong EIJ, Khelifi G, Adjibade P, Joncas FH, Grenier St-Sauveur V, Paquette V, Gris T, Zoubeidi A, Audet-Walsh E, Lambert JP, Toren P, Mazroui R, Hussein SMI. Prostate cancer resistance leads to a global deregulation of translation factors and unconventional translation. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac034. [PMID: 36348939 PMCID: PMC9634437 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence associates translation factors and regulators to tumorigenesis. However, our understanding of translational changes in cancer resistance is still limited. Here, we generated an enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) model, which recapitulated key features of clinical enzalutamide-resistant PCa. Using this model and poly(ribo)some profiling, we investigated global translation changes that occur during acquisition of PCa resistance. We found that enzalutamide-resistant cells exhibit an overall decrease in mRNA translation with a specific deregulation in the abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial processes and in translational regulation. However, several mRNAs escape this translational downregulation and are nonetheless bound to heavy polysomes in enzalutamide-resistant cells suggesting active translation. Moreover, expressing these corresponding genes in enzalutamide-sensitive cells promotes resistance to enzalutamide treatment. We also found increased association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with heavy polysomes in enzalutamide-resistant cells, suggesting that some lncRNAs are actively translated during enzalutamide resistance. Consistent with these findings, expressing the predicted coding sequences of known lncRNAs JPX, CRNDE and LINC00467 in enzalutamide-sensitive cells drove resistance to enzalutamide. Taken together, this suggests that aberrant translation of specific mRNAs and lncRNAs is a strong indicator of PCa enzalutamide resistance, which points towards novel therapeutic avenues that may target enzalutamide-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline I J Lelong
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Khelifi
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Pauline Adjibade
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - France-Hélène Joncas
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Virginie Paquette
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Typhaine Gris
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Etienne Audet-Walsh
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Rachid Mazroui
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Samer M I Hussein
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division , Quebec City, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Mingo J, Emaldi M, Flem-Karlsen K, Mælandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Llarena R, López JI, Pulido R. Heterogeneous Expression and Subcellular Localization of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873516. [PMID: 35692804 PMCID: PMC9174590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by pyruvate decarboxylation, which drives energy metabolism during cell growth, including prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth. The major catalytic subunit of PDH, PDHA1, is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases (PDPs). There are four kinases, PDK1, PDK2, PDK3 and PDK4, which can phosphorylate and inactivate PDH; and two phosphatases, PDP1 and PDP2, that dephosphorylate and activate PDH. Methods We have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression and clinicopathological correlations of PDHA1, PDP1, PDP2, PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, and PDK4, as well as of androgen receptor (AR), in a retrospective PCa cohort of patients. A total of 120 PCa samples of representative tumor areas from all patients were included in tissue microarray (TMA) blocks for analysis. In addition, we studied the subcellular localization of PDK2 and PDK3, and the effects of the PDK inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) in the growth, proliferation, and mitochondrial respiration of PCa cells. Results We found heterogeneous expression of the PDH complex components in PCa tumors. PDHA1, PDP1, PDK1, PDK2, and PDK4 expression correlated positively with AR expression. A significant correlation of PDK2 immunostaining with biochemical recurrence and disease-free survival was revealed. In PCa tissue specimens, PDK2 displayed cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining, whereas PDK1, PDK3 and PDK4 showed mostly cytoplasmic staining. In cells, ectopically expressed PDK2 and PDK3 were mainly localized in mitochondria compartments. An increase in maximal mitochondrial respiration was observed in PCa cells upon PDK inhibition by DCA, in parallel with less proliferative capacity. Conclusion Our findings support the notion that expression of specific PDH complex components is related with AR signaling in PCa tumors. Furthermore, PDK2 expression associated with poor PCa prognosis. This highlights a potential for PDH complex components as targets for intervention in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Llarena
- Department of Urology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Segalés L, Juanpere N, Marta Lorenzo T, Salido M, Nonell L, David López T, Rodríguez-Vida A, Bellmunt J, Fumadó L, Cecchini L, Lloreta-Trull J. SPOP and CHD1 alterations in prostate cancer: Relationship with PTEN loss, tumor grade, perineural infiltration, and PSA recurrence. Prostate 2021; 81:1267-1277. [PMID: 34533858 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the non-ETS fusion of prostate cancer (PCa) pathway, SPOP mutations emerge as a distinct oncogenic driver subclass. Both SPOP downregulation and mutation can lead to SPOP target stabilization promoting dysregulation of key regulatory pathways. CHD1 gene is commonly deleted in PCa. CHD1 loss significantly co-occurs with SPOP mutations, resulting in a PCa subclass with increased AR transcriptional activity and with a specific epigenetic pattern. METHODS In this study, SPOP alterations at mutational and protein levels and CHD1 copy number alterations have been analyzed and correlated with ERG and PTEN protein expression and with the clinical pathological features of the patients. RESULTS SPOP protein loss has been detected in 42.9% of the cases, and it has been strongly associated with PTEN protein loss (p < .001). CHD1 gene loss has been detected in 24.5% and SPOP mutations in 5.9% of the cases. Loss of CHD1 has been strongly associated with SPOP mutations (p = .003) and has shown a trend to be associated with ERG wt cancers (p = .08). The loss of SPOP protein (p = .01) and the combination of PTEN and SPOP protein loss (p = .002) were both statistically more common in grade group 5 cancers, with a prevalence of 60% and 37.5%, respectively. Furthermore, SPOP loss/PTEN loss and SPOP wt/PTEN loss phenotypes were strongly associated with extraprostatic perineural infiltration (p = .007). Strong CHD1 loss was associated with a shorter time to PSA recurrence in the univariate (p = .04), and showed a trend to be associated with the PSA recurrence risk in the multivariate analysis (p = .058). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that the loss of SPOP protein expression, either alone or in combination with loss of PTEN and, on the other hand, a marked loss of the CHD1 gene are very promising prognostic biomarkers in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segalés
- Departament of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Departament of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Salido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tech David López
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodríguez-Vida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Hospital Beth Israel, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Departament of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Imada EL, Sanchez DF, Dinalankara W, Vidotto T, Ebot EM, Tyekucheva S, Franco GR, Mucci LA, Loda M, Schaeffer EM, Lotan T, Marchionni L. Transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss in primary prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:856. [PMID: 34311724 PMCID: PMC8314517 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is the most frequently lost tumor suppressor in primary prostate cancer (PCa) and its loss is associated with aggressive disease. However, the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa have not been described in detail. In this study, we highlight the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa. METHODS Using a meta-analysis approach, we leveraged two large PCa cohorts with experimentally validated PTEN and ERG status by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), to derive a transcriptomic signature of PTEN loss, while also accounting for potential confounders due to ERG rearrangements. This signature was expanded to lncRNAs using the TCGA quantifications from the FC-R2 expression atlas. RESULTS The signatures indicate a strong activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems upon PTEN loss, as well as an expected activation of cell-cycle genes. Moreover, we made use of our recently developed FC-R2 expression atlas to expand this signature to include many non-coding RNAs recently annotated by the FANTOM consortium. Highlighting potential novel lncRNAs associated with PTEN loss and PCa progression. CONCLUSION We created a PCa specific signature of the transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss that comprises both the coding and an extensive non-coding counterpart, highlighting potential new players in PCa progression. We also show that contrary to what is observed in other cancers, PTEN loss in PCa leads to increased activation of the immune system. These findings can help the development of new biomarkers and help guide therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Luidy Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Wikum Dinalankara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorelei Ann Mucci
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
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9
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Segura-Moreno YY, Sanabria-Salas MC, Varela R, Mesa JA, Serrano ML. Decoding the heterogeneous landscape in the development prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:376. [PMID: 33777200 PMCID: PMC7988715 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized as being histologically and molecularly heterogeneous; however, this is not only incorrect among individuals, but also at the multiple foci level, which originates in the prostate gland itself. The reasons for such heterogeneity have not been fully elucidated; however, understanding these may be crucial in determining the course of the disease. PCa is characterized by a complex network of chromosomal rearrangements, which simultaneously deregulate multiple genes; this could explain the appearance of exclusive events associated with molecular subtypes, which have been extensively investigated to establish clinical management and the development of therapies targeted to this type of cancer. From a clinical aspect, the prognosis of the patient has focused on the characteristics of the index lesion (the largest focus in PCa); however, a significant percentage of patients (11%) also exhibit an aggressive secondary foci, which may determine the prognosis of the disease, and could be the determining factor of why, in different studies, the classification of the subtypes does not have an association with prognosis. Due to the aforementioned reasons, the analysis of molecular subtypes in several foci, from the same individual could assist in determining the association between clinical evolution and management of patients with PCa. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) has the worst prognosis and develops following androgen ablation therapy. Currently, there are two models to explain the development of CRPC: i) The selection model and ii) the adaptation model; both of which, have been found to include alterations described in the molecular subtypes, such as Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit overexpression, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAPD+)1 and forkhead box A1 mutations, suggesting that the presence of specific molecular alterations could predict the development of CRPC. This type of analysis could lead to a biological understanding of PCa, to develop personalized medicine strategies, which could improve the response to treatment thus, avoiding the development of resistance. Therefore, the present review discusses the primary molecular factors, to which variable heterogeneity in PCa progress has been attributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenifer Yamile Segura-Moreno
- Cancer Biology Research Group, National Institute of Cancerology, Bogota 110411, Colombia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia, University City, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | | | - Rodolfo Varela
- Department of Urology, National Institute of Cancerology, Bogota 110411, Colombia.,Department of Urology, National University of Colombia, University City, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - Jorge Andrés Mesa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cancerology, Bogota 110411, Colombia
| | - Martha Lucia Serrano
- Cancer Biology Research Group, National Institute of Cancerology, Bogota 110411, Colombia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia, University City, Bogota 111321, Colombia
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10
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Rubin MA, Bristow RG, Thienger PD, Dive C, Imielinski M. Impact of Lineage Plasticity to and from a Neuroendocrine Phenotype on Progression and Response in Prostate and Lung Cancers. Mol Cell 2020; 80:562-577. [PMID: 33217316 PMCID: PMC8399907 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity can occur via phenotype transitions, often after chronic exposure to targeted anticancer agents. This process, termed lineage plasticity, is associated with acquired independence to an initial oncogenic driver, resulting in treatment failure. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancers, lineage plasticity manifests when the adenocarcinoma phenotype transforms into neuroendocrine (NE) disease. The exact molecular mechanisms involved in this NE transdifferentiation remain elusive. In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), plasticity from NE to nonNE phenotypes is driven by NOTCH signaling. Herein we review current understanding of NE lineage plasticity dynamics, exemplified by prostate cancer, NSCLC, and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern and Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Phillip D Thienger
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern and Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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11
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Cyrta J, Augspach A, De Filippo MR, Prandi D, Thienger P, Benelli M, Cooley V, Bareja R, Wilkes D, Chae SS, Cavaliere P, Dephoure N, Uldry AC, Lagache SB, Roma L, Cohen S, Jaquet M, Brandt LP, Alshalalfa M, Puca L, Sboner A, Feng F, Wang S, Beltran H, Lotan T, Spahn M, Kruithof-de Julio M, Chen Y, Ballman KV, Demichelis F, Piscuoglio S, Rubin MA. Role of specialized composition of SWI/SNF complexes in prostate cancer lineage plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5549. [PMID: 33144576 PMCID: PMC7642293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer initially responds to hormonal treatment, but ultimately becomes resistant and requires more potent therapies. One mechanism of resistance observed in around 10–20% of these patients is lineage plasticity, which manifests in a partial or complete small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex in NEPC. Using large patient datasets, patient-derived organoids and cancer cell lines, we identify mSWI/SNF subunits that are deregulated in NEPC and demonstrate that SMARCA4 (BRG1) overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes interact with different lineage-specific factors in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma. These data point to a role for mSWI/SNF complexes in therapy-related lineage plasticity, which may also be relevant for other solid tumors. The differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE) is a mechanism of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Here the authors show that SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is deregulated in CRPC-NE and that the complex interacts with different lineage specific factors throughout prostate cancer transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cyrta
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Anke Augspach
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rosaria De Filippo
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Prandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Phillip Thienger
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy.,Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Victoria Cooley
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David Wilkes
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sung-Suk Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Paola Cavaliere
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga Lagache
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Roma
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Cohen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Muriel Jaquet
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura P Brandt
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Alshalalfa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loredana Puca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Martin Spahn
- Lindenhofspital Bern, Prostate Center Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Essen, Germany
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Karla V Ballman
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland. .,Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Cheaito K, Bahmad HF, Jalloul H, Hadadeh O, Msheik H, El-Hajj A, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Epidermal Growth Factor Is Essential for the Maintenance of Novel Prostate Epithelial Cells Isolated From Patient-Derived Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571677. [PMID: 33195205 PMCID: PMC7658326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity among males worldwide. Deciphering the biological mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in PCa pathogenesis and progression has been hindered by numerous technical limitations mainly attributed to the limited number of cell lines available, which do not recapitulate the diverse phenotypes of clinical disease. Indeed, PCa has proven problematic to establish as cell lines in culture due to its heterogeneity which remains a challenge, despite the various in vitro and in vivo model systems available. Growth factors have been shown to play a central role in the complex regulation of cell proliferation among hormone sensitive tumors, such as PCa. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of novel patient-derived prostate epithelial (which we named as AUB-PrC) cells from organoids culture system. We also assessed the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in culturing those cells. We profiled the AUB-PrC cells isolated from unaffected and tumor patient samples via depicting their molecular and epithelial lineage features through immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), as well as through functional assays and transcriptomic profiling through RNA sequencing. In addition, by optimizing a previously established prostate organoids culture system, we were able to grow human prostate epithelial cells using growth medium and EGF only. With these data collected, we were able to gain insight at the molecular architecture of novel human AUB-PrC cells, which might pave the way for deciphering the mechanisms that lead to PCa development and progression, and ultimately improving prognostic abilities and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cheaito
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Albert El-Hajj
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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13
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Molecular Composition of Genomic TMPRSS2-ERG Rearrangements in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:5085373. [PMID: 31915468 PMCID: PMC6930771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5085373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a serum marker for therapy assessment in prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer is characterized by relatively low numbers of mutations, and, in contrast to many other common epithelial cancers, commercially available single nucleotide mutation assays for quantification of ctDNA are insufficient for therapy assessment in this disease. However, prostate cancer shares some similarity with translocation-affected mesenchymal tumors (e.g., leukemia and Ewing sarcoma), which are common in pediatric oncology, where chromosomal translocations are used as biomarkers for quantification of the tumor burden. Approximately 50% of prostate cancers carry a chromosomal translocation resulting in generation of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene, which is unique to the tumor cells of each individual patient because of variability in the fusion breakpoint sites. In the present study, we examined the structural preconditions for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion sites in comparison with mesenchymal tumors in pediatric patients to determine whether the sequence composition is suitable for the establishment of tumor-specific quantification assays in prostate cancer patients. Genomic repeat elements represent potential obstacles to establishment of quantification assays, and we found similar proportions of repeat elements at fusion sites in prostate cancer to those reported for mesenchymal tumors, where genomic fusion sequences are established as biomarkers. Our data support the development of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene as a noninvasive tumor marker for therapy assessment, risk stratification, and relapse detection to improve personalized therapy strategies for patients with prostate cancer.
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14
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Sargazi S, Saravani R, Zavar Reza J, Zarei Jaliani H, Galavi H, Moudi M, Alsadat Abtahi N. Novel Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor, AZD2461, Down-Regulates VEGF and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019; 23. [PMID: 31102368 PMCID: PMC6661129 DOI: 10.29252/.23.5.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (Pca) is a heterogeneous disease, and current treatments are not based on molecular stratification. Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination, particularly cells with BRCA-mutated backgrounds. Therefore, this preliminary study was designed to evaluate whether PTEN expression status could have an impact on the sensitivity of invasive Pca cells to the PARP inhibitor, AZD2461. Methods MTT viability test, Annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide double staining, and caspase3 activity assay were used to evaluate the apoptosis and relative expression of PTEN and VEGF in PC-3 and DU145 cell lines using real-time PCR. Results MTT results showed that the inhibitory effects of AZD2461 were higher in PC-3 than DU145 cells (with IC50 of 36.48 and 59.03 µM at 48 hours of treatment, respectively). Flow cytometric analysis also showed the same results. When exposed to 40 µM of AZD2461, PC-3 (38.8%) and DU145 (28%) cells underwent apoptosis (p < 0.05). Treatment of cells by AZD2461 also caused a significant increase in apoptosis through caspase3 activation in both cell lines. VEGF mRNA levels in PC-3 cells significantly decreased compared to adjusted untreated cells (p < 0.05) in all measured times while displaying different alteration patterns in DU145 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion AZD2461 suppresses the growth of prostate tumor cells since AZD2461 monotherapy could prove to be efficacious, especially against cells not expressing PTEN besides activating the possible apoptosis-independent cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;,Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Corresponding Authors: Ramin Saravani , Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Mobile: (+98-915) 5432609; E-mail: . Javad Zavar Reza, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Mobile.: (+98-912) 5028742; E-mail:
| | - Javad Zavar Reza
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran;,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;,Corresponding Authors: Ramin Saravani , Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Mobile: (+98-915) 5432609; E-mail: . Javad Zavar Reza, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Mobile.: (+98-912) 5028742; E-mail:
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Galavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Clinical Immunology Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Moudi
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Alsadat Abtahi
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;,Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
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15
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Segalés L, Safont A, Juanpere N, Lorenzo M, Fumadó L, Rodríguez-Vida A, Cecchini L, Bellmunt J, Lloreta-Trull J. SPOP and FOXA1 mutations are associated with PSA recurrence in ERG wt tumors, and SPOP downregulation with ERG-rearranged prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1156-1165. [PMID: 31090082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERG fusion-related prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most prevalent oncogenic driver subclass. SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 mutations are other three main oncogenic driver subclasses in non-ETS-fusion PrCa. ERG protein levels seem to be increased in SPOP-mutated cases, and different studies reported that SPOP mutations and ERG fusions are mutually exclusive. The aim of this study has been to analyze the alterations in non-ETS-oncogenic drivers in PrCa. METHODS SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH mutations were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger direct sequencing. ERG, SPOP, and TMPRSS2-ERG messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR from complementary DNA, and the presence of the fusion was also analyzed by nonquantitative PCR. The clinical pathological features were retrieved from the charts of the 111 patients included in the study (MARBiobanc, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS Loss of SPOP expression (25.2%) was associated with ERG overexpression (P = 0.0036). SPOP mutations were found in 5.4% cases, all with wild-type (wt) ERG (P = 0.007). FOXA1 mutations were found in 8.2% cases, most of them ERG wt (P = 0.06). No IDH1 mutations were found. SPOP or FOXA1 mutations were found in 1.7% of ERG-rearranged, and 34.2% of non-ERG-rearranged cases (P < 0.0001). SPOP or FOXA1 alterations (mutations or expression loss) were significantly more common in GG5, while isolated ERG overexpression was more common in GG1 tumors (P = 0.042). SPOP-or FOXA1-mutated cases were associated with a shorter time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in the univariate (P = 0.0009), and with the PSA recurrence risk in the multivariate (P = 0.023) analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SPOP and FOXA1 mutations may have prognostic value in ERG wt tumors. Interestingly, in absence of SPOP mutations, downregulation of this gene is a feature of many ERG-rearranged prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segalés
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Safont
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodríguez-Vida
- Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Haiping C, Qi X, Dawei L, Qiang W. [Citron Rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase knockdown suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by blocking Hippo-YAP pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:257-263. [PMID: 31068310 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Citron Rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase (CIT) was identified recently as an oncogene involved in the progression of various malignant tumors, but its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological functions of CIT in PCa. METHODS We analyzed the expression of CIT in PCa tissues and its clinical correlations based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) dataset. We then examined the effects of RNA interference-mediated CIT silencing on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-3 cells using cell counting kit-8, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. We also investigated the effect of CIT silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Hippo-Yap signaling pathway in the cells using Western blotting. RESULTS CIT expression was significantly elevated in PCa tissues from TCGA cohort (P < 0.05). MSKCC dataset analysis showed that an elevated expression of CIT was significantly correlated with N stage (P=0.001), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), Gleason score (P=0.010) and PSA (P=0.004). In cultured PC-3 cells, knockdown of CIT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, reversed the EMT phenotype and decreased the expression and activity of YAP. CONCLUSIONS CIT might function as an oncogene in PCa by modulating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway and serve as a candidate therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Haiping
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Urology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Liu Dawei
- Department of Urology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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17
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Gevaert T, Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A, Van Leenders G, Allory Y, De Ridder D, Claessens F, Kockx M, Akand M, Joniau S, Netto G, Libbrecht L. Genito-urinary genomics and emerging biomarkers for immunomodulatory cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Kluth M, Graunke M, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Minner S, Michl U, Graefen M, Huland H, Pompe R, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Lebok P, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Clauditz T, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Deletion of 18q is a strong and independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86339-86349. [PMID: 27861151 PMCID: PMC5349918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of 18q recurrently occurs in prostate cancer. To evaluate its clinical relevance, dual labeling fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for 18q21 and centromere 18 was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). An 18q deletion was found in 517 of 6,881 successfully analyzed cancers (7.5%). 18q deletion was linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype. An 18q deletion was seen in 6.4% of 4,360 pT2, 8.0% of 1,559 pT3a and 11.8% of 930 pT3b-pT4 cancers (P < 0.0001). Deletions of 18q were detected in 6.9% of 1,636 Gleason ≤ 3 + 3, 6.8% of 3,804 Gleason 3 + 4, 10.1% of 1,058 Gleason 4+3, and 9.9% of 344 Gleason ≥ 4 + 4 tumors (P = 0.0013). Deletions of 18q were slightly more frequent in ERG-fusion negative (8.2%) than in ERG-fusion positive cancers (6.4%, P = 0.0063). 18q deletions were also linked to biochemical recurrence (BCR, P < 0.0001). This was independent from established pre- and postoperative prognostic factors (P ≤ 0.0004). In summary, the results of our study identify 18q deletion as an independent prognostic parameter in prostate cancer. As it is easy to measure, 18q deletion may be a suitable component for multiparametric molecular prostate cancer prognosis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Graunke
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Raisa Pompe
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for prostate cancer research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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19
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Flores-Morales A, Iglesias-Gato D. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Profiling for Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:267. [PMID: 29164064 PMCID: PMC5674010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in the western societies. Many PCa patients bear tumors that will not threat their lives if left untreated or if treatment is delayed. Our inability for early identification of these patients has resulted in massive overtreatment. Therefore, there is a great need of finding biomarkers for patient stratification according to prognostic risk; as well as there is a need for novel targets that can allow the development of effective treatments for patients that progress to castration-resistant PCa. Most biomarkers in cancer are proteins, including the widely-used prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Recent developments in mass spectrometry allow the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins and posttranslational modifications from small amounts of biological material, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and biological fluids. Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers have been identified in tissue, blood, urine, and seminal plasma of PCa patients, and new insights in the ethology and progression of this disease have been achieved using this technology. In this review, we summarize these findings and discuss the potential of this technology to pave the way toward the clinical implementation of precision medicine in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Dhingra P, Martinez-Fundichely A, Berger A, Huang FW, Forbes AN, Liu EM, Liu D, Sboner A, Tamayo P, Rickman DS, Rubin MA, Khurana E. Identification of novel prostate cancer drivers using RegNetDriver: a framework for integration of genetic and epigenetic alterations with tissue-specific regulatory network. Genome Biol 2017; 18:141. [PMID: 28750683 PMCID: PMC5530464 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel computational method, RegNetDriver, to identify tumorigenic drivers using the combined effects of coding and non-coding single nucleotide variants, structural variants, and DNA methylation changes in the DNase I hypersensitivity based regulatory network. Integration of multi-omics data from 521 prostate tumor samples indicated a stronger regulatory impact of structural variants, as they affect more transcription factor hubs in the tissue-specific network. Moreover, crosstalk between transcription factor hub expression modulated by structural variants and methylation levels likely leads to the differential expression of target genes. We report known prostate tumor regulatory drivers and nominate novel transcription factors (ERF, CREB3L1, and POU2F2), which are supported by functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Adeline Berger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Andre Neil Forbes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Eric Minwei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David S Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Ekta Khurana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
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21
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Lee SS, Roche PJ, Giannopoulos PN, Mitmaker EJ, Tamilia M, Paliouras M, Trifiro MA. Prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed nanoparticle targeting for extreme nearfield ablation of prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695943. [PMID: 28351335 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all biological therapeutic interventions cannot overcome neoplastic heterogeneity. Physical ablation therapy is immune to tumor heterogeneity, but nearby tissue damage is the limiting factor in delivering lethal doses. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes offer a number of unique properties: chemical stability, photonic properties including efficient light absorption, thermal conductivity, and extensive surface area availability for covalent chemical ligation. When combined together with a targeting moiety such as an antibody or small molecule, one can deliver highly localized temperature increases and cause extensive cellular damage. We have functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by conjugating an antibody against prostate-specific membrane antigen. In our in vitro studies using prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cells, we have effectively demonstrated cell ablation of >80% with a single 30-s exposure to a 2.7-W, 532-nm laser for the first time without bulk heating. We also confirmed the specificity and selectivity of prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting by assessing prostate-specific membrane antigen-null PC3 cell lines under the same conditions (<10% cell ablation). This suggests that we can achieve an extreme nearfield cell ablation effect, thus restricting potential tissue damage when transferred to in vivo clinical applications. Developing this new platform will introduce novel approaches toward current therapeutic modalities and will usher in a new age of effective cancer treatment squarely addressing tumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung S Lee
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 2 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine/Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Jr Roche
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paresa N Giannopoulos
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elliot J Mitmaker
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 3 Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Tamilia
- 4 Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 2 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine/Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark A Trifiro
- 1 Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 2 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine/Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 4 Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Rodrigues DN, Boysen G, Sumanasuriya S, Seed G, Marzo AMD, de Bono J. The molecular underpinnings of prostate cancer: impacts on management and pathology practice. J Pathol 2016; 241:173-182. [PMID: 27753448 DOI: 10.1002/path.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease and current treatment strategies are based largely on anatomical and pathological parameters. In the recent past, several DNA sequencing studies of primary and advanced PCa have revealed recurrent patterns of genomic aberrations that expose mechanisms of resistance to available therapies and potential new drug targets. Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the cornerstone of advanced prostate cancer treatment. Genomic aberrations of the androgen receptor or alternative splicing of its mRNA are increasingly recognised as biomarkers of resistance to AR-targeted therapies such as abiraterone or enzalutamide. Genomic aberrations of the PI3K-AKT axis, in particular affecting PTEN, are common in PCa, and compounds targeting different kinases in this pathway are showing promise in clinical trials. Both germline and somatic defects in DNA repair genes have been shown to sensitise some patients to therapy with PARP inhibition. In addition, abnormalities in mismatch-repair genes are associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibition in other solid tumours and present a tantalising therapeutic avenue to be pursued. Aberrations in CDK4/6-RB1 pathway genes occur in a subset of PCas, may associate with differential sensitivity to treatment, and are likely to have clinical implications beyond prognostication. Inhibitors of CDK4/6 are already being tested in prostate cancer clinical trials. Furthermore, deletions of RB1 are strongly associated with a neuroendocrine phenotype, a rare condition characterized by a non-AR-driven transcriptomic profile. Finally, aberrations in genes involved in regulating the chromatin structure are an emerging area of interest. Deletions of CHD1 are not infrequent in PCa and may associate with increased AR activity and genomic instability, and these tumours could benefit from DNA-damaging therapies. This review summarises how genomic discoveries in PCa are changing the treatment landscape of advanced CRPC, both by identifying biomarkers of resistance and by identifying vulnerabilities to be targeted. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Gunther Boysen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - George Seed
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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23
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Nodouzi V, Nowroozi M, Hashemi M, Javadi G, Mahdian R. Concurrent Down-Regulation of PTEN and NKX3.1 Expression in Iranian Patients with Prostate Cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:898-905. [PMID: 26689514 PMCID: PMC4756965 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NKX3.1 and PTEN genes are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Here, in line with other studies that correlated the expression of these two genes, we aimed at evaluating the expression pattern of these genes in clinical PCa samples. Collectively, 81 tissue samples including 45 human PCa and 36 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens were included in the study. The tissue samples were subjected to RNA extraction and subsequently to cDNA synthesis according to the kit manufacturer's protocol. Quantitative Real-Time PCR assay was performed for each sample in triplicate reactions. REST and SPSS software were used to statistically analyze PTEN and NKX3.1 gene expression data. Expression level of both NKX3.1 and PTEN genes was down-regulated in PCa samples compared to BPH samples. The relative expression ratio of PTEN and NKX3.1 was decreased to 0.155 and 0.003, respectively (P=0.000). The results of Chi-Square analysis revealed a significant correlation between the expression of these genes in both BPH and cancer groups (P=0.004 and 0.001, respectively). According to previous studies and our data, we concluded that the association between the down-regulation of PTEN and NKX3.1 genes contributed to the prostate tumorigenesis. This might highlight the interaction between the proteins encoded by these genes. Furthermore, this finding might be exploited for the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Nodouzi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholareza Javadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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24
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HDAC inhibition impedes epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and suppresses metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3781-95. [PMID: 26640144 PMCID: PMC4896852 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathway co-activation in the prostate epithelium promotes both epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is currently incurable. To study the dynamic regulation of the EMT process, we developed novel genetically-defined cellular and in vivo model systems from which epithelial, EMT, and mesenchymal-like tumor cells with Pten deletion and Kras activation can be isolated. When cultured individually, each population has the capacity to regenerate all three tumor cell populations, indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Despite harboring the same genetic alterations, mesenchymal-like tumor cells are resistant to PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may regulate the EMT process, as well as dictate the heterogeneous responses of cancer cells to therapy. Among differentially expressed epigenetic regulators, the chromatin remodeling protein HMGA2 is significantly upregulated in EMT and mesenchymal-like tumors cells, as well as in human mCRPC. Knockdown of HMGA2, or suppressing HMGA2 expression with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor LBH589, inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stemness activities in vitro and dramatically reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through successful targeting of EMT and mesenchymal-like tumor cells. Importantly, LBH589 treatment in combination with castration prevents mCRPC development and significantly prolongs survival following castration by enhancing p53 and AR acetylation and in turn sensitizing castration-resistant mesenchymal-like tumor cells to ADT. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that cellular plasticity is regulated epigenetically, and that mesenchymal-like tumor cell populations in mCRPC that are resistant to conventional and targeted therapies can be effectively treated with the epigenetic inhibitor LBH589.
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25
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Genetic Progression of High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2015; 69:823-30. [PMID: 26542946 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is considered a neoplastic lesion that precedes prostate cancer (PCA), the genomic structures of HGPIN remain unknown. OBJECTIVE Identification of the genomic landscape of HGPIN and the genomic differences between HGPIN and PCA that may drive the progression to PCA. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed 20 regions of paired HGPIN and PCA from six patients using whole-exome sequencing and array-comparative genomic hybridization. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Somatic mutation and copy number alteration (CNA) profiles of paired HGPIN and PCA were measured and compared. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The number of total mutations and CNAs of HGPINs were significantly fewer than those of PCAs. Mutations in FOXA1 and CNAs (1q and 8q gains) were detected in both HGPIN and PCA ('common'), suggesting their roles in early PCA development. Mutations in SPOP, KDM6A, and KMT2D were 'PCA-specific', suggesting their roles in HGPIN progression to PCA. The 8p loss was either 'common' or 'PCA-specific'. In-silico estimation of evolutionary ages predicted that HGPIN genomes were much younger than PCA genomes. Our data show that PCAs are direct descendants of HGPINs in most cases that require more genomic alterations to progress to PCA. The nature of heterogeneous HGPIN population that might attenuate genomic signals should further be studied. CONCLUSIONS HGPIN genomes harbor relatively fewer mutations and CNAs than PCA but require additional hits for the progression. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we suggest a systemic diagram from high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) to prostate cancer (PCA). Our results provide a clue to explain the long latency from HGPIN to PCA and provide useful information for the genetic diagnosis of HGPIN and PCA.
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26
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Cho H, Herzka T, Stahlhut C, Watrud K, Robinson BD, Trotman LC. Rapid in vivo validation of candidate drivers derived from the PTEN-mutant prostate metastasis genome. Methods 2015; 77-78:197-204. [PMID: 25592467 PMCID: PMC4429512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genome analyses have revealed that increasing gene copy number alteration is a driving force of incurable cancer of the prostate (CaP). Since most of the affected genes are hidden within large amplifications or deletions, there is a need for fast and faithful validation of drivers. However, classic genetic CaP engineering in mouse makes this a daunting task because generation, breeding based combination of alterations and non-invasive monitoring of disease are too time consuming and costly. To address the unmet need, we recently developed RapidCaP mice, which endogenously recreate human PTEN-mutant metastatic CaP based on Cre/Luciferase expressing viral infection, that is guided to Pten(loxP)/Trp53(loxP) prostate. Here we use a sensitized, non-metastatic Pten/Trp53-mutant RapidCaP system for functional validation of human metastasis drivers in a much accelerated time frame of only 3-4months. We used in vivo RNAi to target three candidate tumor suppressor genes FOXP1, RYBP and SHQ1, which reside in a frequent deletion on chromosome 3p and show that Shq1 cooperates with Pten and p53 to suppress metastasis. Our results thus demonstrate that the RapidCaP system forms a much needed platform for in vivo screening and validation of genes that drive endogenous lethal CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Cho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Tali Herzka
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Carlos Stahlhut
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kaitlin Watrud
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lloyd C Trotman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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27
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Ibeawuchi C, Schmidt H, Voss R, Titze U, Abbas M, Neumann J, Eltze E, Hoogland AM, Jenster G, Brandt B, Semjonow A. Exploring prostate cancer genome reveals simultaneous losses of PTEN, FAS and PAPSS2 in patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3856-69. [PMID: 25679447 PMCID: PMC4346930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifocal nature of prostate cancer (PCa) creates a challenge to patients' outcome prediction and their clinical management. An approach that scrutinizes every cancer focus is needed in order to generate a comprehensive evaluation of the disease, and by correlating to patients' clinico-pathological information, specific prognostic biomarker can be identified. Our study utilized the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 Genome-wide assay to investigate forty-three fresh frozen PCa tissue foci from twenty-three patients. With a long clinical follow-up period that ranged from 2.0-9.7 (mean 5.4) years, copy number variation (CNV) data was evaluated for association with patients' PSA status during follow-up. From our results, the loss of unique genes on 10q23.31 and 10q23.2-10q23.31 were identified to be significantly associated to PSA recurrence (p < 0.05). The implication of PTEN and FAS loss (10q23.31) support previous reports due to their critical roles in prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the PAPSS2 gene (10q23.2-10q23.31) may be functionally relevant in post-operative PSA recurrence because of its reported role in androgen biosynthesis. It is suggestive that the loss of the susceptible region on chromosome 10q, which implicates PTEN, FAS and PAPSS2 may serve as genetic predictors of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Ibeawuchi
- Prostate Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebaeude 1A, Muenster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebaeude 1A, Muenster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Voss
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebaeude D3, Domagkstrasse 3, Muenster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Ulf Titze
- Pathology, Lippe Hospital Detmold, Röntgenstrasse 18, Detmold D-32756, Germany.
| | - Mahmoud Abbas
- Institute of Pathology, Mathias-Spital-Rheine, Frankenburg Street 31, Rheine D-48431, Germany.
| | - Joerg Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Osnabrueck, Am Finkenhuegel 1, Osnabrueck D-49076, Germany.
| | - Elke Eltze
- Institute of Pathology, Saarbrücken-Rastpfuhl, Rheinstrasse 2, Saarbrücken D-66113, Germany.
| | - Agnes Marije Hoogland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015-CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015-CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Burkhard Brandt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Clinic Schleswig-Holsteins, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Haus 17, Kiel D-24105, Germany.
| | - Axel Semjonow
- Prostate Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebaeude 1A, Muenster D-48149, Germany.
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28
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Genomic analysis in active surveillance: predicting high-risk disease using tissue biomarkers. Curr Opin Urol 2014; 24:303-10. [PMID: 24625431 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, the most significant question is whether the 'truly malignant' disease has been identified. This review will provide an overview of current prostate cancer genomic and biomarker discovery - validation strategies geared towards identifying aggressive, clinically significant disease at the time of diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS Based on recent findings the prostate cancer aggressive disease phenotype develops as a result of mutations (TP53, PTEN), structural events (TMPRSS2-ETS), epigenetic changes (EZH2, DAB2IP, histone alteration), and transcriptional modifications (SChLAP, PCAT-1). Copy number variability and dysregulation of specific pathways including androgen receptor signaling, PTEN/PAKT and TGF-β continue to play an important role in invasion and metastasis. SUMMARY Given the current challenges for applying prostate cancer genomics to clinical management, this review will incorporate some of the current novel genomic approaches and techniques including systems-based precise pathology platforms, and the role of fluid-based assays, notably, exosomes and circulating tumor cells (liquid biopsy), as tools for future diagnostic-treatment algorithms.
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29
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Proteomic-coupled-network analysis of T877A-androgen receptor interactomes can predict clinical prostate cancer outcomes between White (non-Hispanic) and African-American groups. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113190. [PMID: 25409505 PMCID: PMC4237393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) remains an important contributor to the neoplastic evolution of prostate cancer (CaP). CaP progression is linked to several somatic AR mutational changes that endow upon the AR dramatic gain-of-function properties. One of the most common somatic mutations identified is Thr877-to-Ala (T877A), located in the ligand-binding domain, that results in a receptor capable of promiscuous binding and activation by a variety of steroid hormones and ligands including estrogens, progestins, glucocorticoids, and several anti-androgens. In an attempt to further define somatic mutated AR gain-of-function properties, as a consequence of its promiscuous ligand binding, we undertook a proteomic/network analysis approach to characterize the protein interactome of the mutant T877A-AR in LNCaP cells under eight different ligand-specific treatments (dihydrotestosterone, mibolerone, R1881, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, dexamethasone, and cyproterone acetate). In extending the analysis of our multi-ligand complexes of the mutant T877A-AR we observed significant enrichment of specific complexes between normal and primary prostatic tumors, which were furthermore correlated with known clinical outcomes. Further analysis of certain mutant T877A-AR complexes showed specific population preferences distinguishing primary prostatic disease between white (non-Hispanic) vs. African-American males. Moreover, these cancer-related AR-protein complexes demonstrated predictive survival outcomes specific to CaP, and not for breast, lung, lymphoma or medulloblastoma cancers. Our study, by coupling data generated by our proteomics to network analysis of clinical samples, has helped to define real and novel biological pathways in complicated gain-of-function AR complex systems.
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30
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Kim TM, Jung SH, Baek IP, Lee SH, Choi YJ, Lee JY, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Regional biases in mutation screening due to intratumoural heterogeneity of prostate cancer. J Pathol 2014; 233:425-35. [PMID: 24870262 DOI: 10.1002/path.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) leads to regional biases of the mutational landscape in a single tumour and may influence the single biopsy-based clinical diagnosis and treatment decision. To evaluate the extent of ITH in unifocal prostate cancers (PCAs), we analysed multiple regional biopsies from three PCAs, using whole-exome sequencing, DNA copy number and gene expression profiling analyses. A substantial level of ITH was identified, in that 0-61% and 18-71% of somatic variants were common or private, respectively, within a given cancer. The enhanced mutation detection rate in the combined sequencing dataset across intratumoural biopsies was demonstrated with respect to the total number of mutations identified in a given tumour. Allele frequencies of the mutations were positively correlated with the levels of intratumoural recurrence (private < shared < common), but some common mutations showed low allele frequency, suggesting that not all were clonally fixed. Regional biases in the presentation of a well-known TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was noted in one PCA and the somatic mutation- and copy number-based phylogenetic relationships between intratumoural biopsies were largely concordant. Genes showing intratumoural expression variability were commonly enriched in the molecular function of eicosanoid metabolism and PCA-relevant clinical markers. Taken together, our analyses identified a substantial level of genetic ITH in unifocal PCAs at the mutation, copy number and expression levels, which should be taken into account for the identification of biomarkers in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Kim
- Cancer Evolution Research Centre, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Cho H, Herzka T, Zheng W, Qi J, Wilkinson JE, Bradner JE, Robinson BD, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Trotman LC. RapidCaP, a novel GEM model for metastatic prostate cancer analysis and therapy, reveals myc as a driver of Pten-mutant metastasis. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:318-33. [PMID: 24444712 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models are a pillar of functional cancer research. Here, we developed RapidCaP, a GEM modeling system that uses surgical injection for viral gene delivery to the prostate. We show that in Pten deficiency, loss of p53 suffices to trigger metastasis to distant sites at greater than 50% penetrance by four months, consistent with results from human prostate cancer genome analysis. Live bioluminescence tracking showed that endogenous primary and metastatic disease responds to castration before developing lethal castration resistance. To our surprise, the resulting lesions showed no activation of Akt but activation of the Myc oncogene. Using RapidCaP, we find that Myc drives local prostate metastasis and is critical for maintenance of metastasis, as shown by using the Brd4 inhibitor JQ1. Taken together, our data suggest that a "MYC-switch" away from AKT forms a critical and druggable event in PTEN-mutant prostate cancer metastasis and castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Cho
- 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor; 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; 3Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; 4Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and 5Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Baca SC, Prandi D, Lawrence MS, Mosquera JM, Romanel A, Drier Y, Park K, Kitabayashi N, MacDonald TY, Ghandi M, Van Allen E, Kryukov GV, Sboner A, Theurillat JP, Soong TD, Nickerson E, Auclair D, Tewari A, Beltran H, Onofrio RC, Boysen G, Guiducci C, Barbieri CE, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Winckler W, Cipicchio M, Ardlie K, Kantoff PW, Berger MF, Gabriel SB, Golub TR, Meyerson M, Lander ES, Elemento O, Getz G, Demichelis F, Rubin MA, Garraway LA. Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes. Cell 2013; 153:666-77. [PMID: 23622249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of exonic DNA from prostate cancers has identified recurrently mutated genes, but the spectrum of genome-wide alterations has not been profiled extensively in this disease. We sequenced the genomes of 57 prostate tumors and matched normal tissues to characterize somatic alterations and to study how they accumulate during oncogenesis and progression. By modeling the genesis of genomic rearrangements, we identified abundant DNA translocations and deletions that arise in a highly interdependent manner. This phenomenon, which we term "chromoplexy," frequently accounts for the dysregulation of prostate cancer genes and appears to disrupt multiple cancer genes coordinately. Our modeling suggests that chromoplexy may induce considerable genomic derangement over relatively few events in prostate cancer and other neoplasms, supporting a model of punctuated cancer evolution. By characterizing the clonal hierarchy of genomic lesions in prostate tumors, we charted a path of oncogenic events along which chromoplexy may drive prostate carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
To improve future drug development and patient management for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), surrogate biomarkers that are linked to relevant outcomes are urgently needed. A biomarker must be measurable, reproducible, linked to relevant clinical outcomes, and demonstrate clinical utility. This area is rapidly evolving, with recent trials in patients with CRPC incorporating the detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), imaging, and patient-reported outcome biomarkers. We discuss the framework for the development of biomarkers for CRPC, including different categories and contexts of use. We also highlight the requirements of analytical validation, the sequence of trials needed for clinical validation and regulatory approval, and the future outlook for imaging and CTC biomarkers.
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