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Chen S, Jiao Y, Han Y, Zhang J, Deng Y, Yu Z, Wang J, He S, Cai W, Xu J. Edible traditional Chinese medicines improve type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiotal metabolites. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:393-411. [PMID: 38227209 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Despite the availability of various oral medications for controlling the condition, reports of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes persist, possibly involving unknown pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the gut microbiota have emerged as a highly promising target for T2DM treatment, with the metabolites produced by gut microbiota serving as crucial intermediaries connecting gut microbiota and strongly related to T2DM. Increasingly, traditional Chinese medicine is being considered to target the gut microbiota for T2DM treatment, and many of them are edible. In studies conducted on animal models, edible traditional Chinese medicine have been shown to primarily alter three significant gut microbiotal metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These metabolites play crucial roles in alleviating T2DM by improving glucose metabolism and reducing inflammation. This review primarily summarizes twelve edible traditional Chinese medicines that improve T2DM by modulating the aforementioned three gut microbiotal metabolites, along with potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and also incorporation of edible traditional Chinese medicines into the diets of T2DM patients and combined use with probiotics for treating T2DM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiqiao Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiyang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Yu C, Zheng HH, Zhang YZ, Du CT, Xie GH. Identification of canine mammary tumor-associated metabolites using untargeted metabolomics. Theriogenology 2023; 211:84-96. [PMID: 37603937 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The canine mammary tumor is the most common tumor type in female dogs and seriously threatens their life. Currently, no effective treatments are available for this condition. Hence, it is essential to identify biomarkers that positively influence the early diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of this disease. To provide a basis for early diagnosis of canine breast tumors, in this study, 23 dogs with mammary tumors were identified via histopathological examination combined with ancillary diagnoses via blood examinations and diagnostic imaging. The canine mammary tumor and tumor-adjacent healthy tissues were collected, and their metabolites were identified utilizing a UHPLC-qTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach. The metabolic results revealed a total of 979 ion features in the positive polarity mode and 371 ion features in the negative polarity mode in the tissues of two groups; among them, 536 differential metabolites (385 in the positive and 151 in the negative polarity mode) were analyzed by PCA and PLS-DA. Subsequently, the enrichment pathways purine metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis were analyzed using Metaboanalyst 4.0, which suggested that these pathways were valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curves further confirmed 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid, 23-nordeoxycholic acid, and (±)12(13)-DiHOME as expected candidate biomarkers of canine mammary tumors. In conclusion, the discovery of tumor biomarkers based on untargeted metabolomics is informative for pathological mechanism studies and facilitates the early diagnosis of canine mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China.
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China.
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Su Y, Feng Z, He Y, Hong L, Liu G, Li T, Yin Y. Monosodium L-glutamate and fats change free fatty acid concentrations in intestinal contents and affect free fatty acid receptors express profile in growing pigs. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1444. [PMID: 31360149 PMCID: PMC6642617 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome continue to be major public health problems. Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) may cause metabolic diseases such as obesity. Meanwhile, the Chinese population has undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet. There is little information available on the effect of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid metabolism and FFA receptors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on intestinal luminal FFAs and expression of gastrointestinal FFA receptors. The aim was also to test whether dietary fat and/or MSG could affect expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism. DESIGN A total of 32 growing pigs were used and fed with four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets. Pigs in the four treatments received diets with one of two fat concentrations levels (4.4 and 9.4%) and one of two MSG dose levels (0 and 3%), in which most of the fat were brought by soybean oil. The concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum and colon, long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in ileum, cecum and colon, and FFAs receptors expression in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract were determined. RESULTS MSG and/or fat changed intestinal luminal SCFAs, levels of LCFAs, and showed an antagonistic effect on most of LCFAs. Simultaneously, MSG and/or fat decreased the expression of FFA receptors in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. MSG and/or fat promoted fat deposition through different ways in back fat. CONCLUSION Our results support that MSG and/or fat can alter intestinal luminal FFAs composition and concentration, especially LCFAs, in addition, the expression of FFA receptors in ileum and hypothalamus could be decreased. Moreover, MSG and/or fat can promote protein deposition in back fat, and affect the distribution and metabolism of fatty acids in the body tissues and the body's ability to perceive fatty acids; these results provide a reference for the occurrence of fat deposition and obesity caused by high-fat and monosodium glutamate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zemeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Yumin He
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
- Guangdong Wangda Group Academician Workstation for Clean Feed Technology Research and Development in Swine, Guangdong Wangda Group Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
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