1
|
Rodrigues DT, Padilha HA, Soares ATG, de Souza MEO, Guerra MT, Ávila DS. The Caenorhabditis elegans neuroendocrine system and their modulators: An overview. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112191. [PMID: 38382589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this review we seek to systematically bring what has been published in the literature about the nervous system, endocrine system, neuroendocrine relationships, neuroendocrine modulations and endocrine disruptors in the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. The serotonergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitters are related to the modulation of the neuroendocrine axis, leading to the activation or inhibition of several processes that occur in the worm through distinct and interconnected pathways. Furthermore, this review addresses the gut-neuronal axis as it has been revealed in recent years that gut microbiota impacts on neuronal functions. This review also approaches xenobiotics that can positively or negatively impact the neuroendocrine system in C. elegans as in mammals, which allows the application of this nematode to screen new drugs and to identify toxicants that are endocrine disruptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Teixeira Rodrigues
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bétous R, Emile A, Che H, Guchen E, Concordet D, Long T, Noack S, Selzer PM, Prichard R, Lespine A. Filarial DAF-12 sense the host serum to resume iL3 development during infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011462. [PMID: 37339136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites enter their definitive host at the developmentally arrested infectious larval stage (iL3), and the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor DAF-12 contributes to trigger their development to adulthood. Here, we characterized DAF-12 from the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis and compared them with DAF-12 from the non-filarial nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Caenorhabditis elegans. Interestingly, Dim and BmaDAF-12 exhibit high sequence identity and share a striking higher sensitivity than Hco and CelDAF-12 to the natural ligands Δ4- and Δ7-dafachronic acids (DA). Moreover, sera from different mammalian species activated specifically Dim and BmaDAF-12 while the hormone-depleted sera failed to activate the filarial DAF-12. Accordingly, hormone-depleted serum delayed the commencement of development of D. immitis iL3 in vitro. Consistent with these observations, we show that spiking mouse charcoal stripped-serum with Δ4-DA at the concentration measured in normal mouse serum restores its capacity to activate DimDAF-12. This indicates that DA present in mammalian serum participate in filarial DAF-12 activation. Finally, analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data from B. malayi showed that, at the time of infection, putative gene homologs of the DA synthesis pathways are coincidently downregulated. Altogether, our data suggest that filarial DAF-12 have evolved to specifically sense and survive in a host environment, which provides favorable conditions to quickly resume larval development. This work sheds new light on the regulation of filarial nematodes development while entering their definitive mammalian host and may open the route to novel therapies to treat filarial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bétous
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Emile
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Hua Che
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Eva Guchen
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thavy Long
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Sandra Noack
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Paul M Selzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Roger Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Anne Lespine
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vaaben T, Vazquez-Uribe R, Sommer MOA. Characterization of Eight Bacterial Biosensors for Microbial Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:4184-4192. [PMID: 36449712 PMCID: PMC9764412 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of microbial cells to produce and secrete therapeutics directly in the human body, known as advanced microbial therapeutics, is an exciting alternative to current drug delivery routes. These living therapeutics can be engineered to sense disease biomarkers and, in response, deliver a therapeutic activity. This strategy allows for precise and self-regulating delivery of a therapeutic that adapts to the disease state of the individual patient. Numerous sensing systems have been characterized for use in prokaryotes, but a very limited number of advanced microbial therapeutics have incorporated such sensors. We characterized eight different sensors that respond to physiologically relevant conditions and molecules found in the human body in the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. The resulting sensors were characterized under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and were demonstrated to be functional under gut-like conditions using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. We show for the first time how a biosensor is able to detect in vivo the bile acid-like molecule Δ4-dafachronic acid, a small molecule in C. elegans that regulates lifespan. Furthermore, we exemplify how bacterial sensors can be used to dynamically report on changes in the intestinal environment of C. elegans, by demonstrating the use of a biosensor able to detect changes in lactate concentrations in the gut lumen of individual C. elegans. The biosensors presented in this study allow for dynamic control of expression in vivo and represent a valuable tool in further developing advanced microbiome therapeutics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang ZY, Pergande MR, Ragsdale CW, Cologna SM. Steroid hormones of the octopus self-destruct system. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2572-2579.e4. [PMID: 35561680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among all invertebrates, soft-bodied cephalopods have the largest central nervous systems and the greatest brain-to-body mass ratios, yet unlike other big-brained animals, cephalopods are unusually short lived.1-5 Primates and corvids survive for many decades, but shallow-water octopuses, such as the California two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculoides), typically live for only 1 year.6,7 Lifespan and reproduction are controlled by the principal neuroendocrine center of the octopus: the optic glands, which are functional analogs to the vertebrate pituitary gland.8-10 After mating, females steadfastly brood their eggs, begin fasting, and undergo rapid physiological decline, featuring repeated self-injury and leading to death.11 Removal of the optic glands completely reverses this life history trajectory,10 but the signaling factors underlying this major life transition are unknown. Here, we characterize the major secretions and steroidogenic pathways of the female optic gland using mass spectrometry techniques. We find that at least three pathways are mobilized to increase synthesis of select sterol hormones after reproduction. One pathway generates pregnane steroids, known in other animals to support reproduction.12-16 Two other pathways produce 7-dehydrocholesterol and bile acid intermediates, neither of which were previously known to be involved in semelparity. Our results provide insight into invertebrate cholesterol pathways and confirm a remarkable unity of steroid hormone biology in life history processes across Bilateria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Melissa R Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Clifton W Ragsdale
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang MG, Sternberg PW. Both entry to and exit from diapause arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by a steroid hormone pathway. Development 2022; 149:274989. [PMID: 35394033 PMCID: PMC9148571 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diapause arrest in animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans is tightly regulated so that animals make appropriate developmental decisions amidst environmental challenges. Fully understanding diapause requires mechanistic insight of both entry and exit from the arrested state. Although a steroid hormone pathway regulates the entry decision into C. elegans dauer diapause, its role in the exit decision is less clear. A complication to understanding steroid hormonal regulation of dauer has been the peculiar fact that steroid hormone mutants such as daf-9 form partial dauers under normal growth conditions. Here, we corroborate previous findings that daf-9 mutants remain capable of forming full dauers under unfavorable growth conditions and establish that the daf-9 partial dauer state is likely a partially exited dauer that has initiated but cannot complete the dauer exit process. We show that the steroid hormone pathway is both necessary for and promotes complete dauer exit, and that the spatiotemporal dynamics of steroid hormone regulation during dauer exit resembles that of dauer entry. Overall, dauer entry and dauer exit are distinct developmental decisions that are both controlled by steroid hormone signaling. Summary: In animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, a steroid hormone pathway controls both the entry and exit decisions into and out of the developmentally arrested dauer state in response to environmental signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul W. Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larigot L, Mansuy D, Borowski I, Coumoul X, Dairou J. Cytochromes P450 of Caenorhabditis elegans: Implication in Biological Functions and Metabolism of Xenobiotics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030342. [PMID: 35327534 PMCID: PMC8945457 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model used for many aspects of biological research. Its genome contains 76 genes coding for cytochromes P450 (P450s), and few data about the biochemical properties of those P450s have been published so far. However, an increasing number of articles have appeared on their involvement in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics such as fatty acid derivatives and steroids. Moreover, the implication of some P450s in various biological functions of C. elegans, such as survival, dauer formation, life span, fat content, or lipid metabolism, without mention of the precise reaction catalyzed by those P450s, has been reported in several articles. This review presents the state of our knowledge about C. elegans P450s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Larigot
- Campus Saint Germain, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilona Borowski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Campus Saint Germain, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (X.C.) or (J.D.); Tel.: +331-76-53-42-35; Fax: + 331-42-86-43-84
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.) or (J.D.); Tel.: +331-76-53-42-35; Fax: + 331-42-86-43-84
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Osborne N, Leahy C, Lee YK, Rote P, Song BJ, Hardwick JP. CYP4V2 fatty acid omega hydroxylase, a druggable target for the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114841. [PMID: 34798124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis by providing lipids for energy production, cell membrane integrity, protein modification, and the structural demands of proliferating cells. Fatty acids and their derivatives are critical bioactive signaling molecules that influence many cellular processes, including metabolism, cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and cell barrier function. The CYP4 Omega hydroxylase gene family hydroxylate various short, medium, long, and very-long-chain saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Selective members of the CYP4 family metabolize vitamins and biochemicals with long alkyl side chains and bioactive prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and arachidonic acids. It is uncertain of the physiological role of different members of the CYP4 omega hydroxylase gene family in the metabolic control of physiological and pathological processes in the liver. CYP4V2 is a unique member of the CYP4 family. CYP4V2 inactivation in retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to cholesterol accumulation and Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD) pathogenesis. This commentary provides information on the role CYP4V2 has in metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression. This is accomplished by identifying its role in BCD, its control of cholesterol synthesis and lipid droplet formation in C. elegans, and the putative function in cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal/hepatic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Osborne
- Northeast Ohio Medical Universities, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Charles Leahy
- Northeast Ohio Medical Universities, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Yoon-Kwang Lee
- Northeast Ohio Medical Universities, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Paula Rote
- Internal Medicine University of Minnesota Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, 5625 Fishers Lane Room 3N-01, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - James P Hardwick
- Northeast Ohio Medical Universities, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feller FM, Holert J, Yücel O, Philipp B. Degradation of Bile Acids by Soil and Water Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1759. [PMID: 34442838 PMCID: PMC8399759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are surface-active steroid compounds with a C5 carboxylic side chain at the steroid nucleus. They are produced by vertebrates, mainly functioning as emulsifiers for lipophilic nutrients, as signaling compounds, and as an antimicrobial barrier in the duodenum. Upon excretion into soil and water, bile acids serve as carbon- and energy-rich growth substrates for diverse heterotrophic bacteria. Metabolic pathways for the degradation of bile acids are predominantly studied in individual strains of the genera Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Sphingobium, Azoarcus, and Rhodococcus. Bile acid degradation is initiated by oxidative reactions of the steroid skeleton at ring A and degradation of the carboxylic side chain before the steroid nucleus is broken down into central metabolic intermediates for biomass and energy production. This review summarizes the current biochemical and genetic knowledge on aerobic and anaerobic degradation of bile acids by soil and water bacteria. In addition, ecological and applied aspects are addressed, including resistance mechanisms against the toxic effects of bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Maria Feller
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Johannes Holert
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Onur Yücel
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
| | - Bodo Philipp
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (J.H.); (O.Y.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matos ALL, Keller F, Wegner T, del Castillo CEC, Grill D, Kudruk S, Spang A, Glorius F, Heuer A, Gerke V. CHIMs are versatile cholesterol analogs mimicking and visualizing cholesterol behavior in lipid bilayers and cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:720. [PMID: 34117357 PMCID: PMC8196198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of cellular membranes regulating the structural integrity and fluidity of biological bilayers and cellular processes such as signal transduction and membrane trafficking. However, tools to investigate the role and dynamics of cholesterol in live cells are still scarce and often show limited applicability. To address this, we previously developed a class of imidazolium-based cholesterol analogs, CHIMs. Here we confirm that CHIM membrane integration characteristics largely mimic those of cholesterol. Computational studies in simulated phospholipid bilayers and biophysical analyses of model membranes reveal that in biologically relevant systems CHIMs behave similarly to natural cholesterol. Importantly, the analogs can functionally replace cholesterol in membranes, can be readily labeled by click chemistry and follow trafficking pathways of cholesterol in live cells. Thus, CHIMs represent chemically versatile cholesterol analogs that can serve as a flexible toolbox to study cholesterol behavior and function in live cells and organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. L. Matos
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Keller
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Physical Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Münster, Germany
| | - Tristan Wegner
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - David Grill
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Spang
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Glorius
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Physical Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salzer L, Witting M. Quo Vadis Caenorhabditis elegans Metabolomics-A Review of Current Methods and Applications to Explore Metabolism in the Nematode. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050284. [PMID: 33947148 PMCID: PMC8146106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics recently gained interest in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The fast development, easy cultivation and existing forward and reverse genetic tools make the small nematode an ideal organism for metabolic investigations in development, aging, different disease models, infection, or toxicology research. The conducted type of analysis is strongly depending on the biological question and requires different analytical approaches. Metabolomic analyses in C. elegans have been performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS), gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or combinations of them. In this review we provide general information on the employed techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in regard to C. elegans metabolomics. Additionally, we reviewed different fields of application, e.g., longevity, starvation, aging, development or metabolism of secondary metabolites such as ascarosides or maradolipids. We also summarised applied bioinformatic tools that recently have been used for the evaluation of metabolomics or lipidomics data from C. elegans. Lastly, we curated metabolites and lipids from the reviewed literature, enabling a prototypic collection which serves as basis for a future C. elegans specific metabolome database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Salzer
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification of a Novel Link between the Intermediate Filament Organizer IFO-1 and Cholesterol Metabolism in the Caenorhabditis elegans Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218219. [PMID: 33153048 PMCID: PMC7672635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is an organ essential to organismal nutrient absorption, metabolic control, barrier function and immunoprotection. The Caenorhabditis elegans intestine consists of 20 cells harboring a dense intermediate filament network positioned below the apical plasma membrane that forms a junction-anchored sheath around the intestinal lumen. This evolutionarily conserved arrangement provides mechanical and overall stress-protection, and it serves as an important model for deciphering the role of intestinal architecture in metazoan biology. We recently reported that the loss-of-function mutation of the intestinal intermediate filament organizer IFO-1 perturbs this architecture, leading to reduced body size and reproduction. Here, we demonstrate that the IFO-1 mutation dramatically affects cholesterol metabolism. Mutants showed an increased sensitivity to cholesterol depletion, reduced cholesterol uptake, and cholesterol transfer to the gonads, which is also observed in worms completely lacking an intermediate filament network. Accordingly, we found striking similarities to transcriptome and lipidome profiles of a nuclear hormone receptor (NHR)-8 mutant. NHR-8 is homologous to mammalian LXR (liver X receptor) that serves as a sterol sensor and transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism. Remarkably, increasing exogenous cholesterol partially rescues the developmental retardation in IFO-1 mutants. Our results uncover a novel link of the intestinal intermediate filament cytoskeleton to cholesterol metabolism that contributes to compromised growth and reproduction.
Collapse
|
12
|
Park S, Park JY, Paik YK. A Molecular Basis for Reciprocal Regulation between Pheromones and Hormones in Response to Dietary Cues in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072366. [PMID: 32235409 PMCID: PMC7177881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Under stressful conditions, the early larvae of C. elegans enter dauer diapause, a non-aging period, driven by the seemingly opposite influence of ascaroside pheromones (ASCRs) and steroid hormone dafachronic acids (DAs). However, the molecular basis of how these small molecules engage in competitive crosstalk in coordination with insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) remains elusive. Here we report a novel transcriptional regulatory pathway that seems to operate between the ASCR and DA biosynthesis under ad libitum (AL) feeding conditions or bacterial deprivation (BD). Although expression of the ASCR and DA biosynthetic genes reciprocally inhibit each other, ironically and interestingly, such dietary cue-mediated modulation requires the presence of the competitors. Under BD, induction of ASCR biosynthetic gene expression required DA, while ASCR suppresses the expression of the DA biosynthetic gene daf-36. The negative regulation of DA by ASCR was IIS-dependent, whereas daf-36 regulation appeared to be independent of IIS. These observations suggest that the presence of ASCR determines the IIS-dependency of DA gene expression regardless of dietary conditions. Thus, our work defines a molecular basis for a novel reciprocal gene regulation of pheromones and hormones to cope with stressful conditions during development and aging.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5780-5816. [PMID: 31645900 PMCID: PMC6791382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the concentrations of several lipid classes. We demonstrate that such changes in the cellular lipidome initiate three mechanisms of aging delay and longevity extension. The first mechanism through which PE21 slows aging and prolongs longevity consists in its ability to decrease the intracellular concentration of free fatty acids. This postpones an age-related onset of liponecrotic cell death promoted by excessive concentrations of free fatty acids. The second mechanism of aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to decrease the concentrations of triacylglycerols and to increase the concentrations of glycerophospholipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activates the unfolded protein response system in the endoplasmic reticulum, which then decelerates an age-related decline in protein and lipid homeostasis and slows down an aging-associated deterioration of cell resistance to stress. The third mechanisms underlying aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to change lipid concentrations in the mitochondrial membranes. This alters certain catabolic and anabolic processes in mitochondria, thus amending the pattern of aging-associated changes in several key aspects of mitochondrial functionality.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou W, Fisher PM, Vanderloop BH, Shen Y, Shi H, Maldonado AJ, Leaver DJ, Nes WD. A nematode sterol C4α-methyltransferase catalyzes a new methylation reaction responsible for sterol diversity. J Lipid Res 2019; 61:192-204. [PMID: 31548366 PMCID: PMC6997595 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive sterol evolution plays an important role in fossil record interpretation and offers potential therapeutic avenues for human disease resulting from nematode infections. Recognizing that C4-methyl stenol products [8(14)-lophenol] can be synthesized in bacteria while C4-methyl stanol products (dinosterol) can be synthesized in dinoflagellates and preserved as sterane biomarkers in ancient sedimentary rock is key to eukaryotic sterol evolution. In this regard, nematodes have been proposed to convert dietary cholesterol to 8(14)-lophenol by a secondary metabolism pathway that could involve sterol C4 methylation analogous to the C2 methylation of hopanoids (radicle-type mechanism) or C24 methylation of sterols (carbocation-type mechanism). Here, we characterized dichotomous cholesterol metabolic pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans that generate 3-oxo sterol intermediates in separate paths to lophanol (4-methyl stanol) and 8(14)-lophenol (4-methyl stenol). We uncovered alternate C3-sterol oxidation and Δ7 desaturation steps that regulate sterol flux from which branching metabolite networks arise, while lophanol/8(14)-lophenol formation is shown to be dependent on a sterol C4α-methyltransferse (4-SMT) that requires 3-oxo sterol substrates and catalyzes a newly discovered 3-keto-enol tautomerism mechanism linked to S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation. Alignment-specific substrate-binding domains similarly conserved in 4-SMT and 24-SMT enzymes, despite minimal amino acid sequence identity, suggests divergence from a common, primordial ancestor in the evolution of methyl sterols. The combination of these results provides evolutionary leads to sterol diversity and points to cryptic C4-methyl steroidogenic pathways of targeted convergence that mediate lineage-specific adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Paxtyn M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Boden H Vanderloop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Adrian J Maldonado
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX
| | - David J Leaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.,Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX
| | - W David Nes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pinet K, McLaughlin KA. Mechanisms of physiological tissue remodeling in animals: Manipulating tissue, organ, and organism morphology. Dev Biol 2019; 451:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
16
|
Zečić A, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. The nutritional requirements of Caenorhabditis elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:15. [PMID: 31080524 PMCID: PMC6501307 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animals require sufficient intake of a variety of nutrients to support their development, somatic maintenance and reproduction. An adequate diet provides cell building blocks, chemical energy to drive cellular processes and essential nutrients that cannot be synthesised by the animal, or at least not in the required amounts. Dietary requirements of nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans have been extensively studied with the major aim to develop a chemically defined axenic medium that would support their growth and reproduction. At the same time, these studies helped elucidating important aspects of nutrition-related biochemistry and metabolism as well as the establishment of C. elegans as a powerful model in studying evolutionarily conserved pathways, and the influence of the diet on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zečić
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farris M, Fang L, Aslamy A, Pineda V. Steroid signaling mediates longevity responses to the eat-2 genetic model of dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
18
|
Conte M, Martucci M, Sandri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. The Dual Role of the Pervasive "Fattish" Tissue Remodeling With Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30863366 PMCID: PMC6400104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by dramatic changes in body mass composition that include a general increase of the total fat mass. Within the fat mass, a change in the proportions of adipose tissues also occurs with aging, affecting body metabolism, and playing a central role in many chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. In mammals, fat accumulates as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which differ both in morphology and function. While WAT is involved in lipid storage and immuno-endocrine responses, BAT is aimed at generating heat. With advancing age BAT declines, while WAT increases reaching the maximum peak by early old age and changes its distribution toward a higher proportion of visceral WAT. However, lipids tend to accumulate also within lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose tissues, including muscle, liver, and heart. The excess of such ectopic lipid deposition and the alteration of LD homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related diseases. It is not clear why age-associated tissue remodeling seems to lean toward lipid deposition as a "default program." However, it can be noted that such remodeling is not inevitably detrimental. In fact, such a programmed redistribution of fat throughout life could be considered physiological and even protective, in particular at extreme old age. In this regard, it has to be considered that an excessive decrease of subcutaneous peripheral fat is associated with a pro-inflammatory status, and a decrease of LD is associated with lipotoxicity leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. At variance, a balanced rate of fat content and distribution has beneficial effects for health and metabolic homeostasis, positively affecting longevity. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge on the mechanisms of the age-related changes in lipid distribution and we will discuss how fat mass negatively or positively impacts on human health and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Conte
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Witting M, Hastings J, Rodriguez N, Joshi CJ, Hattwell JPN, Ebert PR, van Weeghel M, Gao AW, Wakelam MJO, Houtkooper RH, Mains A, Le Novère N, Sadykoff S, Schroeder F, Lewis NE, Schirra HJ, Kaleta C, Casanueva O. Modeling Meets Metabolomics-The WormJam Consensus Model as Basis for Metabolic Studies in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:96. [PMID: 30488036 PMCID: PMC6246695 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is one of the attributes of life and supplies energy and building blocks to organisms. Therefore, understanding metabolism is crucial for the understanding of complex biological phenomena. Despite having been in the focus of research for centuries, our picture of metabolism is still incomplete. Metabolomics, the systematic analysis of all small molecules in a biological system, aims to close this gap. In order to facilitate such investigations a blueprint of the metabolic network is required. Recently, several metabolic network reconstructions for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have been published, each having unique features. We have established the WormJam Community to merge and reconcile these (and other unpublished models) into a single consensus metabolic reconstruction. In a series of workshops and annotation seminars this model was refined with manual correction of incorrect assignments, metabolite structure and identifier curation as well as addition of new pathways. The WormJam consensus metabolic reconstruction represents a rich data source not only for in silico network-based approaches like flux balance analysis, but also for metabolomics, as it includes a database of metabolites present in C. elegans, which can be used for annotation. Here we present the process of model merging, correction and curation and give a detailed overview of the model. In the future it is intended to expand the model toward different tissues and put special emphasizes on lipid metabolism and secondary metabolism including ascaroside metabolism in accordance to their central role in C. elegans physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universtität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Janna Hastings
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chintan J. Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jake P. N. Hattwell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Mains
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Le Novère
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Sadykoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Casanueva
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schumann I, Kenny N, Hui J, Hering L, Mayer G. Halloween genes in panarthropods and the evolution of the early moulting pathway in Ecdysozoa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180888. [PMID: 30839709 PMCID: PMC6170570 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Moulting is a characteristic feature of Ecdysozoa-the clade of moulting animals that includes the hyperdiverse arthropods and less speciose groups, such as onychophorans, tardigrades and nematodes. Moulting has been best analysed in arthropods, specifically in insects and crustaceans, in which a complex neuroendocrine system acts at the genomic level and initiates the transcription of genes responsible for moulting. The key moulting hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, are subsequently synthesized from cholesterol ingested with food. Their biosynthesis is regulated by the Rieske-domain protein Neverland and cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by the so-called 'Halloween' genes. Ecdysone is then released into the haemolymph and modified into 20-hydroxyecdysone, which binds to the nuclear receptor EcR/USP and initiates transcription of the Early genes. As little is known about the moulting pathway of other ecdysozoans, we examined the occurrence of genes involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and the early moulting cascade across ecdysozoan subgroups. Genomic and transcriptomic searches revealed no Halloween genes in cycloneuralians, whereas only shadow (CYP315A1) is present in onychophorans and tardigrades, suggesting that the Halloween genes evolved stepwise in panarthropods. These findings imply that the genes which were responsible for the ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the last common ancestor of Ecdysozoa are currently unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Schumann
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathan Kenny
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, Center of Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jerome Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, Center of Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Hering
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parr MK, Wüst B, Teubel J, Joseph JF. Splitless hyphenation of SFC with MS by APCI, APPI, and ESI exemplified by steroids as model compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1091:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
22
|
Shanmugam G, Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Nivitha S, Murugesh E, Shanmughavel P, Sundararaj P. Diosgenin a phytosterol substitute for cholesterol, prolongs the lifespan and mitigates glucose toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO and GST-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1693-1703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
23
|
Mechanisms Underlying the Essential Role of Mitochondrial Membrane Lipids in Yeast Chronological Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2916985. [PMID: 28593023 PMCID: PMC5448074 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2916985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional state of mitochondria is vital to cellular and organismal aging in eukaryotes across phyla. Studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided evidence that age-related changes in some aspects of mitochondrial functionality can create certain molecular signals. These signals can then define the rate of cellular aging by altering unidirectional and bidirectional communications between mitochondria and other organelles. Several aspects of mitochondrial functionality are known to impact the replicative and/or chronological modes of yeast aging. They include mitochondrial electron transport, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and protein synthesis and proteostasis, as well as mitochondrial synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, amino acids, and NADPH. Our recent findings have revealed that the composition of mitochondrial membrane lipids is one of the key aspects of mitochondrial functionality affecting yeast chronological aging. We demonstrated that exogenously added lithocholic bile acid can delay chronological aging in yeast because it elicits specific changes in mitochondrial membrane lipids. These changes allow mitochondria to operate as signaling platforms that delay yeast chronological aging by orchestrating an institution and maintenance of a distinct cellular pattern. In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial membrane lipids in yeast chronological aging.
Collapse
|