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Yanik T, Durhan ST. Specific Functions of Melanocortin 3 Receptor (MC3R). J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:1-6. [PMID: 36053086 PMCID: PMC9976164 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) is a G-protein coupled receptor which has been defined mostly as a regulator of the appetite/hunger balance mechanisms to date. In addition to its function regarding the weight gain and appetite control mechanisms of MC3R, recent studies have shown that MC3R controls growth, puberty, and circadian rhythms as well. Despite the drastic effects of MC3R deficiency in humans and other mammals, its cellular mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review paper, we aimed to point out the importance of MC3R regulations in three main areas: 1) its impact on weight and appetite control, 2) its role in the control of growth, puberty, and the circadian rhythm, and, 3) its protein-protein interactions and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Yanik
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 210 64 65 E-mail:
| | - Seyda Tugce Durhan
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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RNF11 at the Crossroads of Protein Ubiquitination. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111538. [PMID: 33187263 PMCID: PMC7697665 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF11 (Ring Finger Protein 11) is a 154 amino-acid long protein that contains a RING-H2 domain, whose sequence has remained substantially unchanged throughout vertebrate evolution. RNF11 has drawn attention as a modulator of protein degradation by HECT E3 ligases. Indeed, the large number of substrates that are regulated by HECT ligases, such as ITCH, SMURF1/2, WWP1/2, and NEDD4, and their role in turning off the signaling by ubiquitin-mediated degradation, candidates RNF11 as the master regulator of a plethora of signaling pathways. Starting from the analysis of the primary sequence motifs and from the list of RNF11 protein partners, we summarize the evidence implicating RNF11 as an important player in modulating ubiquitin-regulated processes that are involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling pathways. This connection appears to be particularly significant, since RNF11 is overexpressed in several tumors, even though its role as tumor growth inhibitor or promoter is still controversial. The review highlights the different facets and peculiarities of this unconventional small RING-E3 ligase and its implication in tumorigenesis, invasion, neuroinflammation, and cancer metastasis.
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Tian K, Lan X, Zhu Q, Liu LB, Yin HD, Zhao XL, Li DY, Zhang Y, Wang Y. RNF11 negatively regulates antiviral signaling and incites inflammatory response in chicken embryo fibroblast. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x17742547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF11 (RING finger protein 11) has been indicated to be related to numerous immunological diseases. As a neo-regulator in innate immunity, RNF11 was proved to inhibit antiviral signaling and interferon-β (IFN-β) production in human cell line. Chicken antiviral signaling pathway is different with other species. However, there is little study about the role of RNF11 in chicken antiviral signaling pathway and inflammatory response. This study was designed to identify the function of RNF11 in chicken antiviral signaling pathway and inflammatory response. We overexpressed and interfered RNF11 in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and then used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate the poly (I:C)-induced production of IFN-β and inflammatory response factors IL2 and IL10. The results indicated that RNF11 extremely significantly decreased the production of IFN-β and highly significantly increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of IL2 and IL10, but depletion of RNF11 obtained inverse results. Thus, we concluded that RNF11 not only can inhibit antiviral signaling but also plays an important role in inflammatory response in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Bin Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Dong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Di-Yan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
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