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Liu F, Wang X, He Y, Han R, Wang T, Guo Y. Jaw osteoporosis: Challenges to oral health and emerging perspectives of treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116995. [PMID: 38917761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolic disease that poses a significant challenge to global human health. Jaw osteoporosis, characterized by microstructural damage of the jaw resulting from various factors, is one of the common manifestations of this condition. Recent studies have demonstrated that jaw osteoporosis has multifaceted effects on oral health and can negatively impact conditions such as periodontitis, oral implantation, orthodontic treatment, and wound healing. However, there are still some limitations in the conventional treatment of osteoporosis. For instance, while bisphosphonates can enhance bone quality, they may also lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw, which poses a potential safety hazard in oral diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on improving the pathological condition of jaw osteoporosis. Treatment strategies such as gut microbial regulation, extracellular vesicles, molecular targeted therapy, herbal medicine, mechanical stimulation are expected to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse reactions. Therefore, understanding these effects and exploring novel treatments for jaw osteoporosis may provide new insights for oral health maintenance and disease treatment. This article reviews the impact of jaw osteoporosis on oral health and describes the limitations associated with current methods. It also discusses emerging perspectives on treatment, offering a comprehensive overview of the challenges and future directions in managing jaw osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ruiying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Verschuren L, Mak AL, van Koppen A, Özsezen S, Difrancesco S, Caspers MPM, Snabel J, van der Meer D, van Dijk AM, Rashu EB, Nabilou P, Werge MP, van Son K, Kleemann R, Kiliaan AJ, Hazebroek EJ, Boonstra A, Brouwer WP, Doukas M, Gupta S, Kluft C, Nieuwdorp M, Verheij J, Gluud LL, Holleboom AG, Tushuizen ME, Hanemaaijer R. Development of a novel non-invasive biomarker panel for hepatic fibrosis in MASLD. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4564. [PMID: 38811591 PMCID: PMC11137090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related fibrosis are urgently needed. This study applies a translational approach to develop a blood-based biomarker panel for fibrosis detection in MASLD. A molecular gene expression signature identified from a diet-induced MASLD mouse model (LDLr-/-.Leiden) is translated into human blood-based biomarkers based on liver biopsy transcriptomic profiles and protein levels in MASLD patient serum samples. The resulting biomarker panel consists of IGFBP7, SSc5D and Sema4D. LightGBM modeling using this panel demonstrates high accuracy in predicting MASLD fibrosis stage (F0/F1: AUC = 0.82; F2: AUC = 0.89; F3/F4: AUC = 0.87), which is replicated in an independent validation cohort. The overall accuracy of the model outperforms predictions by the existing markers Fib-4, APRI and FibroScan. In conclusion, here we show a disease mechanism-related blood-based biomarker panel with three biomarkers which is able to identify MASLD patients with mild or advanced hepatic fibrosis with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Linde Mak
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne-Marieke van Dijk
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Badal Rashu
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Puria Nabilou
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Parsberg Werge
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen van Son
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands and Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Princeton Pike, NJ, USA
| | | | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Li CX, Long D, Meng Q. Promising Therapeutic Targets in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: PLXNA1 and PLXNB3. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:276-290. [PMID: 34851747 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study sets out to identify dysregulated plexins and investigate their roles in KIRC through an integrated bioinformatics approach. Methods: RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological information of KIRC, extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were used to perform comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Results: Almost all plexin gene family members were dysregulated in KIRC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that PLXNA1/B3 were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in patients with KIRC. Mechanically, PLXNA1/B3 may promote ccRCC progression through several cancer-related signaling pathways, tumor immunity, and angiogenesis. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that vemurafenib was the potential drug for PLXNA1/B3. Conclusion: Herein, we found that PLXNA1/B3 were independent prognostic factors, making them attractive new targets for KIRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Xuan Li
- Department of Urology and Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, China
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, China
| | - Quan Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Wu Y, Song P, Wang M, Liu H, Jing Y, Su J. Extracellular derivatives for bone metabolism. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00024-9. [PMID: 38218580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metabolism can maintain the normal homeostasis and function of bone tissue. Once the bone metabolism balance is broken, it will cause osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone defects, bone tumors, or other bone diseases. However, such orthopedic diseases still have many limitations in clinical treatment, such as drug restrictions, drug tolerance, drug side effects, and implant rejection. AIM OF REVIEW In complex bone therapy and bone regeneration, extracellular derivatives have become a promising research focus to solve the problems of bone metabolic diseases. These derivatives, which include components such as extracellular matrix, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles, have significant therapeutic potential. It has the advantages of good biocompatibility, low immune response, and dynamic demand for bone tissue. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on extracellular derivatives for bone metabolism and elucidate the intrinsic properties and versatility of extracellular derivatives. Further discussion of them as innovative advanced orthopedic materials for improving the effectiveness of bone therapy and regeneration processes. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we first listed the types and functions of three extracellular derivatives. Then, we discussed the effects of extracellular derivatives of different cell sources on bone metabolism. Subsequently, we collected applications of extracellular derivatives in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and summarized the advantages and challenges of extracellular derivatives in clinical applications. Finally, we prospected the extracellular derivatives in novel orthopedic materials and clinical applications. We hope that the comprehensive understanding of extracellular derivatives in bone metabolism will provide new solutions to bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peiran Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Chapoval SP, Gao H, Fanaroff R, Keegan AD. Plexin B1 controls Treg numbers, limits allergic airway inflammation, and regulates mucins. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1297354. [PMID: 38259471 PMCID: PMC10801081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of global Plexin B1 deficiency on allergic airway responses to house dust mite (HDM) or ovalbumin (OVA). In the HDM model, there were higher Th2 cytokine levels in the BALF of Plexin B1 knock-out (KO) mice compared to wild type (WT), and tissue inflammation and mucus production were modestly enhanced. In the OVA model, Plexin B1 deficiency led to increases in lung inflammation, mucus production, and lung Th2 cytokines accompanied by dysregulated mucin gene expression without affecting anti-OVA IgE/IgG1 levels. Spleen cells from Plexin B1 KO mice proliferated more robustly than WT cells in vitro to a variety of stimuli. Plexin B1 KO CD4+ T cells from spleens expressed higher levels of Ki-67 and CD69 compared to WT cells. Spleen cells from naïve Plexin B1 KO mice secreted increased amounts of IL-4 and IL-6 when pulsed in vitro with OVA whereas in vivo OVA-primed spleen cells produced IL-4/IL-5 when subjected to in vitro OVA restimulation. The upregulated allergic inflammatory response in Plexin B1 KO mice was associated with a lower number of Tregs in the lung tissues. Moreover, these mice displayed lower numbers of Treg cells in the lymphoid tissues at the baseline. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized link between Plexin B1, Treg cells, and mucus in allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P. Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hongjuan Gao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Fanaroff
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Veteran Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Šromová V, Sobola D, Kaspar P. A Brief Review of Bone Cell Function and Importance. Cells 2023; 12:2576. [PMID: 37947654 PMCID: PMC10648520 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on understanding the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of bone tissue and reviews current knowledge of its physiology. It explores how these features intricately collaborate to maintain the balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, which plays a pivotal role in shaping not only our physical framework but also overall health. In this work, a comprehensive exploration of microscopic and macroscopic features of bone tissue is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šromová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Dinara Sobola
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Physics of Materials, Žižkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kaspar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Smanio Neto H, Moy PK, Martinez EF, Pelegrine AA, Abdalla HB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Napimoga MH. Sema4D is diminished in leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin and impairs pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells' functionality. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105778. [PMID: 37572522 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a coupling factor expressed on osteoclasts that may hinder osteoblast differentiation. Since the leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane promotes growth factor concentration, this study aims to quantify the amount of Sema4D in L-PRF membranes, and analyze the impact of Sema4D on osteoblast cell function in vitro. DESIGN Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of Sema4D in both L-PRF and whole blood (serum). To analyze the impairment of Sema4D on osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation and exposed to Sema4D ranging from 10 to 500 ng/ml concentrations. The following parameters were assayed: 1) cell viability by MTT assay after 24, 48, and 72 h; 2) matrix mineralization by Alizarin Red staining after 14 days, 3) Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ONC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression by qPCR. For all data, the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The amount of Sema4D in the whole blood (serum) was higher than in L-PRF. Osteoblasts exposed to Sema4D at all tested concentrations exhibited a decrease in matrix mineralization formation as well in RUNX-2, OCN, ONC, BSP, and ALP gene expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of Sema4D, a molecule known for suppressing osteoblast activity, diminishes within L-PRF, enhancing its ability to facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Smanio Neto
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Implantology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Karyen Moy
- UCLA, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Oral Pathology and Cell Biology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Antonio Pelegrine
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Implantology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Wei X, Liu Z, Shen Y, Dong H, Chen K, Shi X, Chen Y, Wang B, Dong S. Semaphorin4A promotes lung cancer by activation of NF-κB pathway mediated by PlexinB1. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16292. [PMID: 37901456 PMCID: PMC10607275 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer with a poor prognosis. Semaphorin4A (Sema4A) is important in many physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Sema4A in LC. Methods Firstly, Sema4A expression was analyzed by the available dataset and detected in human normal bronchial epithelial cell line (HBE) and LC cell line (NCI-H460). Then, LC cells were transfected with Sema4A siRNA, and the cells were stimulated by PlexinB1, PlexinB2, PlexinD1 blocking antibodies, IgG antibody, BAY 11-7082 (an inhibitor for NF-κB pathway) and Sema4A-Fc protein, alone or in combination. After transfection, PlexinB1 mRNA expression was analyzed. Next, the biological functions, including proliferative, migratory, invasive abilities and viability of the cells were detected by colony formation, scratch, Transwell and MTT assays, respectively. NF-κB, Stat3 and MAPK protein expressions were determined by western blot. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6 in LC cells was tested by ELISA. Results Sema4A was highly expressed in LC tissues and cells, could activate the NF-κB pathway and upregulate PlexinB1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, we observed that Sema4A knockdown suppressed the biological functions of NCI-H460 cells, while Sema4A-Fc protein reversed the situation. However, Sema4A-induced biological functions and activation in the NF-κB pathway were inhibited by PlexinB1 blocking antibody. Consistently, Sema4A promoted IL-6 production, which was down-regulated by PlexinB1 blocking antibody and BAY 11-7082. Conclusions Sema4A may facilitate LC development via the activation of the NF-κB pathway mediated by PlexinB1, suggesting that Sema4A would be a novel therapeutic target for LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yili Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunli Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Al Turkestani N, Zhang Z, Nör JE. Semaphorin 4D Induces Vasculogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:160. [PMID: 37504226 PMCID: PMC10378119 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) signaling through Plexin B1 on the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. We assessed the protein expression of SEMA4D and Plexin B1 in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) from permanent human teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED) teeth using Western blots. Their expression in human dental pulp tissues and DPSC-engineered dental pulps was determined using immunofluorescence. We then exposed dental pulp stem cells to recombinant human SEMA4D (rhSEMA4D), evaluated the expression of endothelial cell differentiation markers, and assessed the vasculogenic potential of rhSEMA4D using an in vitro sprouting assay. Lastly, Plexin B1 was silenced to ascertain its role in SEMA4D-mediated vasculogenic differentiation. We found that SEMA4D and Plexin B1 are expressed in DPSC, SHED, and human dental pulp tissues. rhSEMA4D (25-100 ng/mL) induced the expression of endothelial markers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, cluster of differentiation (CD)-31, and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Tie)-2, in dental pulp stem cells and promoted capillary-like sprouting in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Plexin B1 silencing abrogated the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and significantly inhibited capillary sprouting upon exposure to rhSEMA4D. Collectively, these data provide evidence that SEMA4D induces vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through Plexin B1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Al Turkestani
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jacques Eduardo Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Bai J, Chen L, Xu L, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zheng K. The value of serum Sema4D level in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and with high thrombus burden. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37138227 PMCID: PMC10157983 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious cardiovascular disease. High thrombus burden is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, there is no study on the correlation between soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D) level and high thrombus burden in patients with STEMI. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sSema4D level and the thrombus burden of STEMI and further explore its effect on the main predictive value of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS From October 2020 to June 2021, 100 patients with STEMI diagnosed in our hospital's cardiology department were selected. According to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score, STEMI patients were divided into high thrombus burden groups (55 cases) and non-high thrombus burden groups (45 cases) 0.74 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected as stable CHD group, and 75 patients with negative coronary angiography (CAG) were selected as control group. Serum sSema4D levels were measured in 4 groups. The correlation between serum sSema4D and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with STEMI was analyzed. The relationship of serum sSema4D levels between the high and non-high thrombus burden group was evaluated. The effect of sSema4D levels on the occurrence of MACE was explored in one year after percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS Serum sSema4D level was positively correlated with hs-CRP level in STEMI patients (P < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.493. The sSema4D level was significantly higher in the high versus non-high thrombus burden group (22.54(20.82,24.17), P < 0.05). Moreover, MACE occurred in 19 cases in high thrombus burden group and 3 cases in non-high thrombus burden group. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that sSema4D was an independent predictor of MACE (OR = 1.497,95% CI: 1.213-1.847, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The sSema4D level is associated with coronary thrombus burden and is an independent risk factor for MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Louyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital , Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Liu X, Zhang C, Yang WH, Li SC, Wang RF, Zhang YB, Zhang ZL. Low expression of SEMA4D as a potential predictive molecular marker of poor survival in patients with melanoma combined with liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:160. [PMID: 36936030 PMCID: PMC10017917 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the correlation between semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) and the prognosis and survival time of patients with melanoma combined with liver cancer. A total of 272 patients were recruited, and clinical and follow-up data were recorded. The expression levels of SEMA4D and SEMA3B were determined. Pearson's χ2 test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between prognosis and the assessed parameters of melanoma patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression and Cox proportional risk regression analyses were used for further analysis. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve and survival curves of subjects were plotted. The Pearson's χ2 test showed that the prognosis of melanoma patients was significantly correlated with age, tumor grade, and decreased SEMA4D expression. Additionally, Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis showed that age, tumor grade, and SEMA4D expression were significantly correlated with prognosis. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and tumor grade, and SEMA4D expression, were significantly correlated with prognosis. Older patients, a higher tumor grade, and lower SEMA4D expression were associated with a poorer prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older patients had a poorer prognosis, and patients with lower SEMA4D expression levels had a significantly worse prognosis than patients with higher SEMA4D expression levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival time of older patients was lower than that of the younger patients. The survival times of patients with lower SEMA4D expression levels were significantly lower than that of patients with higher SEMA4D expression levels. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the survival time of older patients was lower than that of younger patients. The survival time of melanoma patients with low SEMA4D expression was significantly lower than that of patients with higher SEMA4D expression. SEMA4D was significantly associated with melanoma, and lower SEMA4D expression was associated with a poorer survival prognosis in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Han Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Feng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Zhi-Lei Zhang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Chang'an District Health Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China, E-mail:
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12
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Zheng K, Bai J, Xu L, Chen L. The value of serum Sema4D level in reflecting the inflammatory state of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:627-634. [PMID: 36910063 PMCID: PMC9992611 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate the expression of soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D) in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to explore its value in evaluating the inflammatory status of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods From October 2020 to June 2021, 100 patients with STEMI diagnosed at the Department of Cardiology of our hospital were selected as the STEMI group, 83 patients with unstable angina (UA) were selected as the UA group, and 78 patients with negative coronary angiography (CAG) were selected as the control group. The baseline data of the 3 groups of patients were recorded, the sSema4D levels were determined, the expression of sSema4D levels in AMI was analyzed, and the value of sSema4D levels in reflecting inflammatory state of AMI was explored. Results Compared with UA group and control group, the expression of sSema4D in peripheral blood of STEMI group was significantly increased (P<0.001), which could better reflect the inflammatory status of patients with STEMI than traditional inflammatory indicators [hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that sSema4D (AUC =0.780, cut-off =19.62, 95% CI: 0.629, 0.837, P<0.001) was more specific than hs-CRP (AUC =0.697, cut-off =3.39, 95% CI: 0.629, 0.765, P<0.001) in reflecting the inflammatory status of STEMI patients. Conclusions sSema4D levels have certain value in reflecting the inflammatory state of STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Louyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhang D, Wang F, Liu J, Sun Y, Anuchapreeda S, Tima S, Xiao Z, Duangmano S. Sema4D silencing increases the sensitivity of nivolumab to B16-F10 resistant melanoma via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15172. [PMID: 37096066 PMCID: PMC10122458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a common skin tumor that causes a high rate of mortality, especially in Europe, North America and Oceania. Immunosuppressants such as anti-PD-1 have been used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, however, nearly 60% of patients do not respond to these treatments. Sema4D, also called CD100, is expressed in T cells and tumor tissues. Sema4D and its receptor, Plexin-B1, play crucial roles in the process of immune regulation, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. The role of Sema4D in melanoma with anti-PD-1 resistance is poorly understood. Through a combination of molecular biology techniques and in silico analysis, the role of Sema4D in improving anti-PD-L1 sensitivity in melanoma was explored. The results showed that the expression of Sema4D, Plexin-B1 and PD-L1 was significantly increased in B16-F10R cells. Sema4D knockdown synergizes with anti-PD-1 treatment, cell viability, cell invasion and migration were significantly decreased, while the apoptosis was increased, the growth of tumors on the mice was also inhibited. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis revealed that Sema4D is involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; the downregulation of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT expression were observed in Sema4D knockdown, therefore, nivolumab resistance is related to Sema4D and Sema4D silencing can improve sensitivity to nivolumab via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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14
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Ahmad M, Stirmlinger N, Jan I, Stifel U, Lee S, Weingandt M, Kelp U, Bockmann J, Ignatius A, Böckers TM, Tuckermann J. Downregulation of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Gene Shank2 Decreases Bone Mass in Male Mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 7:e10711. [PMID: 36751416 PMCID: PMC9893268 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the postsynaptic scaffold protein Shank2 lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These patients frequently suffer from higher fracture risk. Here, we investigated whether Shank2 directly regulates bone mass. We show that Shank2 is expressed in bone and that Shank2 levels are increased during osteoblastogenesis. Knockdown of Shank2 by siRNA targeting the encoding regions for PDZ and SAM domain inhibits osteoblastogenesis of primary murine calvarial osteoblasts. Shank2 knockout mice (Shank2 -/-) have a decreased bone mass due to reduced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, whereas bone resorption remains unaffected. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived osteoblasts from a loss-of-function Shank2 mutation in a patient showed a significantly reduced osteoblast differentiation potential. Moreover, silencing of known Shank2 interacting proteins revealed that a majority of them promote osteoblast differentiation. From this we conclude that Shank2 and interacting proteins known from the central nervous system are decisive regulators in osteoblast differentiation. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Irfana Jan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Marcel Weingandt
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrike Kelp
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
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15
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Zhang L, Han Y, Chen Q, Dissanayaka WL. Sema4D-plexin-B1 signaling in recruiting dental stem cells for vascular stabilization on a microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4632-4644. [PMID: 36331411 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of mural cells is critical for stabilization of nascent vessels. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are considered to have mural cell-like properties. However, the signaling mechanisms that regulate the cross-talk between endothelial cells and SHED in recruiting them as mural cells is much less well understood. Herein, using a 3D biomimetic microfluidic device, for the first time, we unraveled the role of semaphorin 4D (Sema4D)-plexin-B1 signaling in the recruitment of SHED as mural cells during angiogenic sprouting and vasculature formation by endothelial cells (ECs) in a 3D fibrin matrix. The specific compartmentalized design of the microfluidic chip facilitated recreation of the multi-step dynamic process of angiogenesis in a time and space dependent manner. Enabled by the chip design, different morphogenic steps of angiogenesis including endothelial proliferation, migration & invasion, vascular sprout formation and recruitment of mural cells as well as functional aspects including perfusion and permeability were examined under various pharmacological and genetic manipulations. The results showed that Sema4D facilitates the interaction between endothelial cells and SHED and promotes the recruitment of SHED as mural cells in vascular stabilization. Our results further demonstrated that Sema4D exerts these effects by acting on endothelial-plexin-B1 by inducing expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, which is a major mural cell recruitment factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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16
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Barden M, Li B, Griffiths BE, Anagnostopoulos A, Bedford C, Psifidi A, Banos G, Oikonomou G. Genetic parameters and genome-wide association study of digital cushion thickness in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8237-8256. [PMID: 36028347 PMCID: PMC9511494 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The digital cushion is linked to the development of claw horn lesions (CHL) in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate genetic parameters for digital cushion thickness (DCT), (2) estimate the genetic correlation between DCT and CHL, and (3) identify candidate genes associated with DCT. A cohort of 2,352 Holstein dairy cows were prospectively enrolled on 4 farms and assessed at 4 time points: before calving, immediately after calving, in early lactation, and in late lactation. At each time point, CHL was recorded by veterinary surgeons, and ultrasonographic images of the digital cushion were stored and retrospectively measured at 2 anatomical locations. Animals were genotyped and pedigree details extracted from the national database. Genetic parameters were estimated following a single-step approach implemented in AIREMLF90. Four traits were analyzed: the 2 DCT measurements, sole lesions (sole hemorrhage and sole ulcers), and white line lesions. All traits were analyzed with univariate linear mixed models; bivariate models were fit to estimate the genetic correlation between traits within and between time points. Single-marker and window-based genome-wide association analyses of DCT traits were conducted at each time point; candidate genes were mapped near (<0.2 Mb) or within the genomic markers or windows with the largest effects. Heritability estimates of DCT ranged from 0.14 to 0.44 depending on the location of DCT measurement and assessment time point. The genetic correlation between DCT and sole lesions was generally negative, notably between DCT immediately after calving and sole lesions in early or late lactation, and between DCT in early or late lactation and sole lesion severity in early or late lactation. Digital cushion thickness was not genetically correlated with white line lesions. A polygenic background to DCT was found; genes associated with inflammation, fat metabolism, and bone development were mapped near or within the top markers and windows. The moderate heritability of DCT provides an opportunity to use selective breeding to change DCT in a population. The negative genetic correlation between DCT and sole lesions at different stages of production lends support to current hypotheses of sole lesion pathogenesis. Highlighted candidate genes provide information regarding the complex genetic background of DCT in Holstein cows, but further studies are needed to explore and corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barden
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| | - Bingjie Li
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany E Griffiths
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Alkiviadis Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry Bedford
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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17
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Ovejero D, Garcia-Giralt N, Martínez-Gil N, Rabionet R, Balcells S, Grinberg D, Pérez-Jurado LA, Nogués X, Etxebarria-Forondad I. Clinical description and genetic analysis of a novel familial skeletal dysplasia characterized by high bone mass and lucent bone lesions. Bone 2022; 161:116450. [PMID: 35623613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High bone mass (HBM) disorders are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous subgroup of rare skeletal dysplasias. Here we present a case of a previously unreported familial skeletal dysplasia characterized by HBM and lucent bone lesions that we aimed to clinically characterize and genetically investigate. For phenotyping, we reviewed past clinical records and imaging tests, and performed physical examination (PE), bone densitometry, and mineral panels in affected individuals, including a male proband, his son and daughter, in addition to unaffected controls, including the proband's wife and brother. Affected individuals also underwent impact microindentation (IMI). In an effort to elucidate the disorder's molecular etiology, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all individuals to filter for rare variants present only in affected ones. The cases displayed a unique skeletal phenotype with a mix of sclerotic features and lucent bone lesions, and high IMI values. Bone mineral density was very elevated in the proband and his daughter. The proband's daughter also exhibited idiopathic scoliosis (IS), in addition to mild thrombocytopenia and mild structural thyroid abnormalities, which were the only extra-skeletal abnormalities identified. WES analysis yielded 5 rare putative pathogenic variants in affected members in genes that are associated with bone metabolism including: SEM4AD, TBX18, PTCH1, PTK7, and ADGRE5. The PTK7 variant appeared as possibly implicated in the development of IS while the TBX18 and SEMA4D variants stood out as the strongest candidates for the lucent bone lesions and HBM, respectively, given their high predicted pathogenicity and putative role in bone biology. Variant functionality should be addressed in the future to assess their implication in skeletal metabolism as it is the first time that mutations in TBX18 and SEMA4D have been associated to bone developmental lesions and mineral metabolism in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Martínez-Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Sharifi M, Kheradmandi R, Salehi M, Alizadeh M, Ten Hagen TLM, Falahati M. Criteria, Challenges, and Opportunities for Acellularized Allogeneic/Xenogeneic Bone Grafts in Bone Repairing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3199-3219. [PMID: 35816626 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As bone grafts become more commonly needed by patients and as donors become scarcer, acellularized bone grafts (ABGs) are becoming more popular for restorative purposes. While autogeneic grafts are reliable as a gold standard, allogeneic and xenogeneic ABGs have been shown to be of particular interest due to the limited availability of autogeneic resources and reduced patient well-being in long-term surgeries. Because of the complete similarity of their structures with native bone, excellent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and similarities of biological behaviors (osteoinductive and osteoconductive) with local bones, successful outcomes of allogeneic and xenogeneic ABGs in both in vitro and in vivo research have raised hopes of repairing patients' bone injuries in clinical applications. However, clinical trials have been delayed due to a lack of standardized protocols pertaining to acellularization, cell seeding, maintenance, and diversity of ABG evaluation criteria. This study sought to uncover these factors by exploring the bone structures, ossification properties of ABGs, sources, benefits, and challenges of acellularization approaches (physical, chemical, and enzymatic), cell loading, and type of cells used and effects of each of the above items on the regenerative technologies. To gain a perspective on the repair and commercialization of products before implementing new research activities, this study describes the differences between ABGs created by various techniques and methods applied to them. With a comprehensive understanding of ABG behavior, future research focused on treating bone defects could provide a better way to combine the treatment approaches needed to treat bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kheradmandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Welch BA, Cho HJ, Ucakturk SA, Farmer SM, Cetinkaya S, Abaci A, Akkus G, Simsek E, Kotan LD, Turan I, Gurbuz F, Yuksel B, Wray S, Kemal Topaloglu A. PLXNB1 mutations in the etiology of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13103. [PMID: 35170806 PMCID: PMC11370887 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) comprises a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by pubertal failure caused by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency. Genetic factors involved in semaphorin/plexin signaling have been identified in patients with IHH. PlexinB1, a member of the plexin family receptors, serves as the receptor for semaphorin 4D (Sema4D). In mice, perturbations in Sema4D/PlexinB1 signaling leads to improper GnRH development, highlighting the importance of investigating PlexinB1 mutations in IHH families. In total, 336 IHH patients (normosmic IHH, n = 293 and Kallmann syndrome, n = 43) from 290 independent families were included in the present study. Six PLXNB1 rare sequence variants (p.N361S, p.V608A, p.R636C, p.V672A, p.R1031H, and p.C1318R) are described in eight normosmic IHH patients from seven independent families. These variants were examined using bioinformatic modeling and compared to mutants reported in PLXNA1. Based on these analyses, the variant p.R1031H was assayed for alterations in cell morphology, PlexinB1 expression, and migration using a GnRH cell line and Boyden chambers. Experiments showed reduced membrane expression and impaired migration in cells expressing this variant compared to the wild-type. Our results provide clinical, genetic, molecular/cellular, and modeling evidence to implicate variants in PLXNB1 in the etiology of IHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hyun-ju Cho
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seyit Ahmet Ucakturk
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stephen Matthew Farmer
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Semra Cetinkaya
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abaci
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Akkus
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Enver Simsek
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osman Gazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Leman Damla Kotan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Turan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gurbuz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yuksel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A. Kemal Topaloglu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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20
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Soluble Sema4D Level Is Positively Correlated with Sema4D Expression in PBMCs and Peripheral Blast Number in Acute Leukemia. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1384471. [PMID: 35401878 PMCID: PMC8988092 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1384471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is highly expressed in various cancers and leukemia. It is involved in the development of acute leukemia. A high level of soluble Sema4D is also present in the plasma of acute leukemia patients. However, it remains unknown whether Sema4D is associated with the clinical characteristics of acute leukemia. In this study, Sema4D expression was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of patients with acute leukemia, and it was highly expressed in the PBMCs of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), T-ALL, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and in the BMMCs of B-ALL and AML patients but not in the BMMCs of T-ALL patients. Sema4D expression was higher in the PBMCs of T-ALL patients than in the PBMCs of B-ALL or AML patients. In addition, Sema4D expression in BMMCs was reduced in B-ALL patients during the chemotherapy process. It was lower in remission patients than in newly diagnosed and patients without remission. In acute leukemia, soluble Sema4D level in serum is positively correlated with Sema4D expression in PBMCs, leukocyte number, and peripheral blast number. Those results suggest that the levels of Sema4D and its soluble form are associated with acute leukemia development and may be regarded as a potential biomarker in pediatric acute leukemia.
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21
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Identifying Function Determining Residues in Neuroimmune Semaphorin 4A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063024. [PMID: 35328445 PMCID: PMC8953949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) exerts a stabilizing effect on human Treg cells in PBMC and CD4+ T cell cultures by engaging Plexin B1. Sema4A deficient mice display enhanced allergic airway inflammation accompanied by fewer Treg cells, while Sema4D deficient mice displayed reduced inflammation and increased Treg cell numbers even though both Sema4 subfamily members engage Plexin B1. The main objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the in vitro effects of Sema4A and Sema4D proteins on human Treg cells; and 2. To identify function-determining residues in Sema4A critical for binding to Plexin B1 based on Sema4D homology modeling. We report here that Sema4A and Sema4D display opposite effects on human Treg cells in in vitro PBMC cultures; Sema4D inhibited the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cell numbers and CD25/Foxp3 expression. Sema4A and Sema4D competitively bind to Plexin B1 in vitro and hence may be doing so in vivo as well. Bayesian Partitioning with Pattern Selection (BPPS) partitioned 4505 Sema domains from diverse organisms into subgroups based on distinguishing sequence patterns that are likely responsible for functional differences. BPPS groups Sema3 and Sema4 into one family and further separates Sema4A and Sema4D into distinct subfamilies. Residues distinctive of the Sema3,4 family and of Sema4A (and by homology of Sema4D) tend to cluster around the Plexin B1 binding site. This suggests that the residues both common to and distinctive of Sema4A and Sema4D may mediate binding to Plexin B1, with subfamily residues mediating functional specificity. We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D. Mutant proteins were assayed for Plexin B1-binding and Treg stimulation activities. The F223A mutant was unable to stimulate Treg stability in in vitro PBMC cultures despite binding Plexin B1 with an affinity similar to the WT protein. This research is a first step in generating potent mutant Sema4A molecules with stimulatory function for Treg cells with a view to designing immunotherapeutics for asthma.
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22
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Martínez‐Gil N, Ovejero D, Garcia‐Giralt N, Bruque CD, Mellibovsky L, Nogués X, Rabionet R, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Genetic analysis in a familial case with high bone mineral density suggests additive effects at two
loci. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10602. [PMID: 35434450 PMCID: PMC9009133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture. At the other end of the BMD spectrum, some individuals present strong, fracture‐resistant, bones. Both osteoporosis and high BMD are heritable and their genetic architecture encompasses polygenic inheritance of common variants and some cases of monogenic highly penetrant variants in causal genes. We have investigated the genetics of high BMD in a family segregating this trait in an apparently Mendelian dominant pattern. We searched for rare causal variants by whole‐exome sequencing in three affected and three nonaffected family members. Using this approach, we have identified 38 rare coding variants present in the proband and absent in the three individuals with normal BMD. Although we have found four variants shared by the three affected members of the family, we have not been able to relate any of these to the high‐BMD phenotype. In contrast, we have identified missense variants in two genes, VAV3 and ADGRE5, each shared by two of out of three affected members, whose loss of function fits with the phenotype of the family. In particular, the proband, a woman displaying the highest BMD (sum Z‐score = 7), carries both variants, whereas the other two affected members carry one each. VAV3 encodes a guanine‐nucleotide‐exchange factor with an important role in osteoclast activation and function. Although no previous cases of VAV3 mutations have been reported in humans, Vav3 knockout (KO) mice display dense bones, similarly to the high‐BMD phenotype present in our family. The ADGRE5 gene encodes an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor expressed in osteoclasts whose KO mouse displays increased trabecular bone volume. Combined, these mouse and human data highlight VAV3 and ADGRE5 as novel putative high‐BMD genes with additive effects, and potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Martínez‐Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC El Calafate Santa Cruz Argentina
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
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23
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Spatiotemporal blood vessel specification at the osteogenesis and angiogenesis interface of biomimetic nanofiber-enabled bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121041. [PMID: 34343857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While extensive research has demonstrated an interdependent role of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering, little is known about how functional blood vessel networks are organized to initiate and facilitate bone tissue regeneration. Building upon the success of a biomimetic composite nanofibrous construct capable of supporting donor progenitor cell-dependent regeneration, we examined the angiogenic response and spatiotemporal blood vessel specification at the osteogenesis and angiogenesis interface of cranial bone defect repair utilizing high resolution multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) in conjunction with intravital imaging. We demonstrate here that the regenerative vasculature can be specified as arterial and venous capillary vessels based upon endothelial surface markers of CD31 and Endomucin (EMCN), with CD31+EMCN- vessels exhibiting higher flowrate and higher oxygen tension (pO2) than CD31+EMCN+ vessels. The donor osteoblast clusters are uniquely coupled to the sprouting CD31+EMCN+ vessels connecting to CD31+EMCN- vessels. Further analyses reveal differential vascular response and vessel type distribution in healing and non-healing defects, associated with changes of gene sets that control sprouting and morphogenesis of blood vessels. Collectively, our study highlights the key role of spatiotemporal vessel type distribution in bone tissue engineering, offering new insights for devising more effective vascularization strategies for bone tissue engineering.
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24
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Povoroznyuk VV, Dedukh NV, Bystrytska MA, Shapovalov VS. Bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoid in excess: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a rationale for the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoids (GCs) in excess. Remodeling is a synchronous process involving bone resorption and formation, proceeding through stages of: (1) resting bone, (2) activation, (3) bone resorption, (4) reversal, (5) formation, (6) termination. Bone remodeling is strictly controlled by local and systemic regulatory signaling molecules. This review presents current data on the interaction of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone remodeling and defines the role of osteoprogenitor cells located above the resorption area in the form of canopies and populating resorption cavities. The signaling pathways of proliferation, differentiation, viability, and cell death during remodeling are presented. The study of signaling pathways is critical to understanding bone remodeling under normal and pathological conditions. The main signaling pathways that control bone resorption and formation are RANK / RANKL / OPG; M-CSF – c-FMS; canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways Wnt; Notch; MARK; TGFβ / SMAD; ephrinB1/ephrinB2 – EphB4, TNFα – TNFβ, and Bim – Bax/Bak. Cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin, and estrogens also act as regulators of bone remodeling. The role of non-encoding microRNAs and long RNAs in the process of bone cell differentiation has been established. MicroRNAs affect many target genes, have both a repressive effect on bone formation and activate osteoblast differentiation in different ways. Excess of glucocorticoids negatively affects all stages of bone remodeling, disrupts molecular signaling, induces apoptosis of osteocytes and osteoblasts in different ways, and increases the life cycle of osteoclasts. Glucocorticoids disrupt the reversal stage, which is critical for the subsequent stages of remodeling. Negative effects of GCs on signaling molecules of the canonical Wingless (WNT)/β-catenin pathway and other signaling pathways impair osteoblastogenesis. Under the influence of excess glucocorticoids biosynthesis of biologically active growth factors is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the expression by osteoblasts of molecules that form the osteoid. Glucocorticoids stimulate the expression of mineralization inhibitor proteins, osteoid mineralization is delayed, which is accompanied by increased local matrix demineralization. Although many signaling pathways involved in bone resorption and formation have been discovered and described, the temporal and spatial mechanisms of their sequential turn-on and turn-off in cell proliferation and differentiation require additional research.
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25
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Zhao L, Du W, Zhao D, Ji X, Huang Y, Pang Y, Guo K, Yin X. Catalpol Protects Against High Glucose-Induced Bone Loss by Regulating Osteoblast Function. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626621. [PMID: 33776769 PMCID: PMC7987667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The overall objective of this study was to investigate the effects of catalpol on bone remodeling of diabetic osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast differentiation and migration. Method: Using a murine model of diabetic osteoporosis, to detect the protective effects of catalpol on bone loss, architectural deterioration of trabecular bone and bone metabolism biomarkers were tested. A model of MC3T3-E1 cells was established by treatment with high glucose; the regulatory role of catalpol in the differentiation and migration was tested by Western blot, ALP staining, and Alizarin Red staining. Results: Catalpol treatment markedly ameliorated trabecular bone deterioration by reducing degenerative changes of the trabecular structure by improving the bone formation marker levels of ALP, osteopontin, type I collagen, and osteocalcin, as well as the level of OPG/RANKL. Catalpol enhanced cell motility and scattering following gap formation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion: The results indicated that catalpol exhibits a protective effect against diabetic osteoporosis by regulating the differentiation and migration of osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kaijin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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26
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Zhang DN, Liu Y, Li X, Gao Y, Xi FY, Li Y, Zhu GZ. Imbalance Between Soluble and Membrane-Bound CD100 Regulates Monocytes Activity in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:273-283. [PMID: 33646067 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD100 is an important immune semaphorin that is a secreted and membrane bound protein involved in infectious diseases. However, CD100 expression profile and the regulation to innate immune system in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was not previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate CD100 level and modulatory function of CD100 to CD14+ monocytes in HBV-ACLF patients. Plasma-soluble CD100 (sCD100) level and membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) expression on peripheral CD14+ monocytes was analyzed in HBV-ACLF patients. CD14+ monocytes-induced cytotoxicity and CD14+ monocytes-mediated T cell activation in response to CD100 stimulation was also assessed in direct and indirect contact coculture culture systems. HBV-ACLF patients had lower plasma sCD100 and higher mCD100 level on CD14+ monocytes compared with asymptomatic HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis B patients, and controls. CD14+ monocytes from HBV-ACLF patients induced limited target Huh7.5 cell death and secreted less interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granzyme B in both direct and indirect contact coculture systems compared with controls. Recombinant sCD100 not only enhanced CD14+ monocytes-mediated Huh7.5 cell death and granzyme B secretion, but it also elevated CD14+ monocytes-induced IFN-γ/interleukin-17 production by CD4+ T cells as well as IFN-γ/TNF-α secretion by CD8+ T cells in HBV-ACLF patients. The current data indicated that severe inflammation induced sCD100/mCD100 imbalance to inactivate CD14+ monocytes response, which might be beneficial for the survival of HBV-ACLF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Na Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng-Yu Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Ze Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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27
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Sharma A, Sharma L, Goyal R. Molecular Signaling Pathways and Essential Metabolic Elements in Bone Remodeling: An Implication of Therapeutic Targets for Bone Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:77-104. [PMID: 32914712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200910160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the dynamic tissues in the human body that undergoes continuous remodelling through subsequent actions of bone cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Several signal transduction pathways are involved in the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. These primarily include Runx2, ATF4, Wnt signaling and sympathetic signalling. The differentiation of osteoclasts is controlled by M-CSF, RANKL, and costimulatory signalling. It is well known that bone remodelling is regulated through receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand followed by binding to RANK, which eventually induces the differentiation of osteoclasts. The resorbing osteoclasts secrete TRAP, cathepsin K, MMP-9 and gelatinase to digest the proteinaceous matrix of type I collagen and form a saucer-shaped lacuna along with resorption tunnels in the trabecular bone. Osteoblasts secrete a soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin that prevents the binding of RANK/RANKL and thus moderating osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, bone homeostasis is also regulated by several growth factors like, cytokines, calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone and sex steroids. The current review presents a correlation of the probable molecular targets underlying the regulation of bone mass and the role of essential metabolic elements in bone remodelling. Targeting these signaling pathways may help to design newer therapies for treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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28
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Ahammad I. A comprehensive review of tumor proliferative and suppressive role of semaphorins and therapeutic approaches. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1233-1247. [PMID: 32577918 PMCID: PMC7575654 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins have been traditionally known as axon guidance proteins that negatively regulate axonal growth. However, in the past couple of decades, their versatile role in so many other biological processes has come to prominence as well. One such example is their role in cancer. In this review article, the focus was on the tumor proliferative and tumor suppressive role of all 20 semaphorin family members under the 7 semaphorin classes found in vertebrates and invertebrates as well as the ongoing and emerging therapeutic approaches to combat semaphorin-mediated cancers. Except sema6C, 19 of the 20 non-viral semaphorin family members have been discovered to be associated with cancer in one way or another. Eleven semaphorin family members have been discovered to be tumor proliferative and 8 to be tumor suppressive. Six therapeutic avenues and their safety profiles have been discussed which are currently at use or at the various stages of development. Finally, perspectives on which approach is the best for treating cancers associated with semaphorins have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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29
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The Role of Semaphorins in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165641. [PMID: 32781674 PMCID: PMC7460634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a family originally identified as axonal guidance molecules. They are also involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, as well as other biological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that semaphorins play a role in metabolic diseases including obesity, adipose inflammation, and diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic wound healing, and diabetic osteoporosis. Evidence provides mechanistic insights regarding the role of semaphorins in metabolic diseases by regulating adipogenesis, hypothalamic melanocortin circuit, immune responses, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the role of semaphorins in obesity, adipose inflammation, and diabetic complications.
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30
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Győri DS, Mócsai A. Osteoclast Signal Transduction During Bone Metastasis Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:507. [PMID: 32637413 PMCID: PMC7317091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are myeloid lineage-derived bone-resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. They differentiate from myeloid precursors through a complex regulation process where the differentiation of preosteoclasts is followed by intercellular fusion to generate large multinucleated cells. Under physiological conditions, osteoclastogenesis is primarily directed by interactions between CSF-1R and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, CSF-1), receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL), as well as adhesion receptors (e.g., integrins) and their ligands. Osteoclasts play a central role in physiological and pathological bone resorption and are also required for excessive bone loss during osteoporosis, inflammatory bone and joint diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and cancer cell-induced osteolysis. Due to the major role of osteoclasts in these diseases the better understanding of their intracellular signaling pathways can lead to the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases and lipid kinases play major roles in osteoclasts and small-molecule kinase inhibitors are emerging new therapeutics in diseases with pathological bone loss. During the last few years, we and others have shown that certain lipid (such as phosphoinositide 3-kinases PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ) and tyrosine (Src-family and Syk) kinases play a critical role in osteoclast differentiation and function in humans and mice. Some of these signaling pathways shows similarity to immunoreceptor-like receptor signaling and involves important other enzymes (e.g., PLCγ2) and adapter proteins (such as the ITAM-bearing adapters DAP12 and the Fc-receptor γ-chain). Here, we review recently identified osteoclast signaling pathways and their role in osteoclast differentiation and function as well as pathological bone loss associated with osteolytic tumors of the bone. A better understanding of osteoclast signaling may facilitate the design of novel and more efficient therapies for pathological bone resorption and osteolytic skeletal metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid S. Győri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Wang HM, Zhang XH, Ye LQ, Zhang K, Yang NN, Geng S, Chen J, Zhao SX, Yang KL, Fan FF. Insufficient CD100 shedding contributes to suppression of CD8 + T-cell activity in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunology 2020; 160:209-219. [PMID: 32149403 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD100 is an immune semaphorin constitutively expressed on T-cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an important mediator of membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) cleavage to generate soluble CD100 (sCD100), which has immunoregulatory activity in immune cell responses. The aim of the study was to investigate the level and role of sCD100 and mCD100 in modulating CD8+ T-cell function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). sCD100 and MMP-14 levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mCD100 expression on peripheral and lung-resident CD8+ T-cells were analysed in NSCLC patients. The ability to induce sCD100 and the effect of MMP-14 on mCD100 shedding for the regulation of non-cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T-cells were also analysed in direct and indirect contact co-culture systems. NSCLC patients had lower serum sCD100 and higher mCD100 levels on CD8+ T-cells compared with healthy controls. BALF from the tumour site also had decreased sCD100 and increased mCD100 on CD8+ T-cells compared with the non-tumour site. Recombinant CD100 stimulation enhanced non-cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T-cells from NSCLC patients, whereas blockade of CD100 receptor CD72 attenuated CD8+ T-cell activity. NSCLC patients had lower MMP-14 in the serum and in BALF from the tumour site. Recombinant MMP-14 mediated mCD100 shedding from CD8+ T-cell membrane, and led to promotion of CD8+ T-cell response in NSCLC patients. Overall, decreased MMP-14 resulted in insufficient CD100 shedding, leading to suppression of peripheral and lung-resident CD8+ T-cell activity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Geng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun-Xin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang-Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei-Fei Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Rajabinejad M, Asadi G, Ranjbar S, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Semaphorin 4A, 4C, and 4D: Function comparison in the autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Gene 2020; 746:144637. [PMID: 32244055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that are divided into eight subclasses and identified by a conserved Sema domain on their carboxyl terminus. Sema4A, 4C, and 4D are the members of the fourth class of semaphorin family, which are known as membrane semaphorins; however, these molecules can be altered to soluble semaphorins by proteolytic cleavage. Semaphorins have various roles in the immune, nervous, and metabolic systems. In the immune system, these molecules contribute to the formation of cellular, humoral, and innate immune responses, such as inflammation, leukocyte migration, immunological synapse formation, and germinal center events. Given the diverse roles of semaphorins in the immune system, in this review, we have tried to give a comprehensive look at the role of these molecules in autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Sema4D and 4A seem to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. In contrast, it has been shown that Sema4A and 4C have beneficial effects on allergies, and their absence can exacerbate the severity of the disease. In the case of cancer, an increase in all three of these molecules has been reported. Sema4D and 4C can contribute to tumor progression in human patients or experimental models, while the role of Sema4A has not yet been fully understood. In conclusion, semaphorins seem to be a favorable therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases and allergies. However, in cancer, studies have not yet been able to identify the exact role of semaphorins, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Plasma levels of Semaphorin 4D are decreased by adjuvant tamoxifen but not aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer patients. J Bone Oncol 2019; 16:100237. [PMID: 31011525 PMCID: PMC6461588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a glycoprotein that inhibits bone formation and has been associated with cancer progression and the occurrence of bone metastases. Recently, Sema4D expression has been linked to estrogen signaling in breast cancer. Endocrine therapies like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AI) are a standard therapeutic approach in hormone receptor positive breast cancers. Tamoxifen exerts ER-agonistic effects on bone, whereas AI negatively affect bone health by increasing resorption and fracture risk. The effect of endocrine therapies on circulating Sema4D levels in breast cancer patients has not been investigated yet. Methods We measured circulating Sema4D plasma levels at primary diagnosis and in a follow-up sample 12 months after surgery in a cohort of 46 pre- and postmenopausal women with primary estrogen receptor positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen or AI. Results The mean baseline levels ± SD for Sema4D were 441.6 ± 143.4 pmol/l. No significant differences in total plasma Sema4D were observed when stratifying the patients according to age, menopausal status, tumor subtype, nodal and hormone receptor status, or tumor size. However, Sema4D levels were significantly reduced by 28% (p<0.001) in tamoxifen treated patients 12 months after surgery, whereas no alteration was observed in patients treated with AI. Conclusion This finding potentially represents an additional mechanism of the bone-protective properties of tamoxifen and further emphasizes a link between Sema4D and estrogen receptor signaling.
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Parsa S, Sharifzadeh S, Monabati A, Seyyedi N, Ranjbaran R, Baghbani MR, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Overexpression of Semaphorin-3A and Semaphorin-4D in the Peripheral Blood from Newly Diagnosed Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:25-34. [PMID: 31205625 PMCID: PMC6557972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Semaphorins play prominent roles in physiological and pathological processes such as vascular development, tumor growth and immune responses. Semaphorins have different roles in various kinds of cancers, but there is no study concerning their expression in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study aimed to assess the SEMA3A, SEMA4A and SEMA4D expression in patients with CLL. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 30 newly-diagnosed untreated patients with CLL and 30 healthy subjects as a control group. The SEMA3A, SEMA4A and SEMA4D expression was determined by real-time PCR method. Results: The fold change expression of SEMA3A and SEMA4D was 7.58 ± 2.66 and 3.20 ± 0.99 in patients with CLL, and was 1.01 ± 0.31 and 1.00 ± 0.27 in healthy subjects, respectively. The CLL patients expressed higher amounts of SEMA3A and SEMA4D in comparison with healthy subjects (P<0.02 and P<0.03, respectively). The fold change expression of SEMA3A in patients with stage II (11.12 ± 5.35) was also higher than patients with stage I (4.49 ± 1.61, P<0.05). No significant difference was also observed in the expression of SEMA4A and SEMA4D between patients with stage I and stage II CLL. In both CLL and control groups, the fold change expression of SEMA3A was higher in men than in women (P<0.03 and P<0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated elevated expression of the SEMA3A and SEMA4D in patients with CLL. The SEMA3A expression was influenced by tumor stage and gender of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Parsa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Noorossadat Seyyedi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Baghbani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Liang J, Wu J, Wang F, Zhang P, Zhang X. Semaphoring 4D is required for the induction of antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects of dihydromyricetin in colon cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:220-230. [PMID: 30562683 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been involved in cancer progression, the expression of which is associated with the poor clinical outcomes of some cancer patients. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has antitumor potentials for different types of human cancer cells. However, the pharmacological effects of DMY on colon cancer (CC) or the regulatory effects of Sema4D on this process remain largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of DMY on CC, and to elucidate the role of Sema4D in DMY-induced antitumor effects. DMY inhibited the proliferation and growth of Colo-205 colon cancer cells significantly in vivo and in vitro. DMY inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but increased glutathione (GSH) level. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were enhanced by DMY treatment in vitro, showing strong anti-oxidative stress effect. In addition, DMY inhibited the secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the supernatant of Colo-205 culture medium. Besides, the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were suppressed by DMY in dose-dependent manners in vivo, showing potent anti-inflammatory effect. Further investigations showed that DMY suppressed the expression and secretion of Sema4D in Colo-205 cells and tissues. Interestingly, overexpression of Sema4D significantly weakened the regulatory effects of DMY on oxidative stress. Furthermore, overexpression of Sema4D significantly attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of DMY. Collectively, we drew a conclusion that the anti-colon cancer effect of DMY was attributed to its negative modulation on oxidative stress and inflammation via suppression of Sema4D. The findings broaden the width and depth of molecular mechanisms involved in the DMY action, facilitating the development of DMY in anti-colon cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Oncology Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Ha YJ, Han DW, Kim JH, Chung SW, Kang EH, Song YW, Lee YJ. Circulating Semaphorin 4D as a Marker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:2318386. [PMID: 30538782 PMCID: PMC6261241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2318386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) are molecules which regulate immune responses as well as bone remodeling process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of Sema3A and Sema4D and to investigate their clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The serum levels of Sema3A and Sema4D were measured in 130 patients with RA and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. Circulating levels of biomarkers of RA-related inflammation and bone turnover such as tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-22, IL-34, osteopontin, Dkk-1, and sclerostin were also measured. Disease activity was determined by the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), and radiographic joint damage was assessed by the modified Sharp van der Heijde score (SHS). The serum levels of Sema3A were significantly higher in patients with RA than those in healthy controls (p < 0.001), whereas serum4D levels did not differ between the two groups. The levels of Sema4D showed a positive correlation with C-reactive protein (p = 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels, whereas the levels of Sema3A showed a negative correlation with Dkk-1 (p = 0.007) and TNF-α (p = 0.001). Even though Sema3A and Sema4D levels were comparable between RA patients with DAS28> 3.2 and with DAS28 ≤ 3.2, RA patients with radiographic progression (ΔSHS change/year ≥ 1) had significantly higher baseline levels of Sema4D than those without progression (p = 0.029). Additionally, when RA patients were divided into 3 groups using tertiles of Sema4D levels, the percentage of progressors was significantly increased (p = 0.045). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum Sema4D levels were an independent risk factor for radiographic progression. Our results suggest that the baseline levels of Sema4D might be a useful marker to identify RA patients with subsequent radiographic progression and that Sema4D may be an active mediator involved in RA-induced joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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