1
|
Athar F, Karmani M, Templeman N. Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231916. [PMID: 38131197 PMCID: PMC10830447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system is strongly influenced by nutrition and energy balance. It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones-including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin-signal throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women's health overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faria Athar
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muskan Karmani
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Templeman
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdusalamova AI, Bettikher OA, Rudenko KA, Belyaeva OA, Neimark AE, Zazerskaya IE. Adipokinesand Ghrelin Rolein Regulation of Ovarian Function in Obesity. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/omet12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a great worldwide trend in the incidence of obesity, which is increasing with each passing year among all populations, including women of reproductive age. Given the impressive list of diseases associated with obesity, as well as the negative inverse correlation of the severity of obesity with fertility, this problem is global not only in the social sphere, but it also becomes demographically significant.Along with other pathogenetic mechanisms leading to persistent anovulation, an imbalance in adipokine production by adipose tissue can also serve as one of the important links in the development of reproductive dysfunction. Despite apparent interest in this topic, a large number of previously discovered adipokines are still not studied. Among adipokines, the effects of adiponectin and leptin on reproductive function are best known. Alterations in adiponectin and leptin levels can affect hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal signaling, folliculogenesis, oogenesis and steroidogenesis. In addition, leptin is involved in the initiation of puberty, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and changes the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cells. The leading causes of reduced fertility, infertility, and IVF failure in obese patients are mechanisms that promote the formation of chronic anovulation, delay the maturation of oocytes, reduce their quality, and/or lead to changes in endometrial susceptibility. These effects can be caused by an imbalance in the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin (leptin excess and adiponectin deficiency), lead to endometrial dysfunction, disruption of implantation and early embryogenesis. These changes, in turn, can affect just as the likelihood of spontaneous conception, so the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies and subsequent gestation.Thus, the study of potential pathogenetic pathways of fertility regulation in obesity, one of which is the subject of this review, is an important area for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O. A. Bettikher
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre;
The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott
| | | | | | | | - I. E. Zazerskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre;
The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhavana K, Foote DJ, Srikanth K, Balakrishnan CN, Prabhu VR, Sankaralingam S, Singha HS, Gopalakrishnan A, Nagarajan M. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Indian domestic duck reveals candidate genes associated with egg production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10943. [PMID: 35768515 PMCID: PMC9243076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg production is an important economic trait and a key indicator of reproductive performance in ducks. Egg production is regulated by several factors including genes. However the genes involved in egg production in duck remain unclear. In this study, we compared the ovarian transcriptome of high egg laying (HEL) and low egg laying (LEL) ducks using RNA-Seq to identify the genes involved in egg production. The HEL ducks laid on average 433 eggs while the LEL ducks laid 221 eggs over 93 weeks. A total of 489 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed out of which 310 and 179 genes were up and downregulated, respectively, in the HEL group. Thirty-eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including LHX9, GRIA1, DBH, SYCP2L, HSD17B2, PAR6, CAPRIN2, STC2, and RAB27B were found to be potentially related to egg production and folliculogenesis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that DEGs were enriched for functions related to glutamate receptor activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity, immune function, progesterone mediated oocyte maturation and MAPK signaling. Protein-protein interaction network analysis (PPI) showed strong interaction between 32 DEGs in two distinct clusters. Together, these findings suggest a mix of genetic and immunological factors affect egg production, and highlights candidate genes and pathways, that provides an understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating egg production in ducks and in birds more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karippadakam Bhavana
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Dustin J Foote
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Vandana R Prabhu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.,ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Shanmugam Sankaralingam
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, 680 651, India
| | - Hijam Surachandra Singha
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | | | - Muniyandi Nagarajan
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bukhari SNA. An insight into the multifunctional role of ghrelin and structure activity relationship studies of ghrelin receptor ligands with clinical trials. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114308. [PMID: 35344905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a multifunctional gastrointestinal acylated peptide, primarily synthesized in the stomach and regulates the secretion of growth hormone and energy homeostasis. It plays a central role in modulating the diverse biological, physiological and pathological functions in vertebrates. The synthesis of ghrelin receptor ligands after the finding of growth hormone secretagogue developed from Met-enkephalin led to reveal the endogenous ligand ghrelin and the receptors. Subsequently, many peptides, small molecules and peptidomimetics focusing on the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a, were derived. In this review, the key features of ghrelin's structure, forms, its bio-physiological functions, pathological roles and therapeutic potential have been highlighted. A few peptidomimetics and pseudo peptide synthetic perspectives have also been discussed to make ghrelin receptor ligands, clinical trials and their success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calanni‐Pileri M, Weitzel JM, Langhammer M, Wytrwat E, Michaelis M. Altered insulin, leptin, and ghrelin hormone levels and atypical estrous cycle lengths in two highly‐fertile mouse lines. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:577-586. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Calanni‐Pileri
- Institute of Reproductive Biology Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Joachim M. Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Erika Wytrwat
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao QY, Yuan XQ, Liu C, Du YY, Yao YC, Wu LJ, Jiang HH, Deng TR, Guo N, Deng YL, Zeng Q, Li YF. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1297-1310. [PMID: 35259255 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin-Jing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hua-Hua Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang YW, Wu CH, Lin TY, Luo CW. Expression profiling of ovarian BMP antagonists reveals the potential interaction between TWSG1 and the chordin subfamily in the ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111457. [PMID: 34517078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily members and their antagonists comprise an indispensable system that controls mammalian ovarian development in a sophisticated manner. In contrast to a plethora of studies on the ovary-expressed TGF-β superfamily members, knowledge regarding their antagonists, including their expression profiles and antagonism preferences, is still lacking. Using quantitative PCR in rats and transcriptomic dataset comparisons in mice and humans, we set out to characterize the relative expression levels of most antagonists in the mammalian ovary. We found that Twsg1 and Nbl1 are the most abundant BMP antagonists expressed in the rodent and human ovaries, respectively. TWSG1 has been reported to have synergistic action with the chordin subfamily, including CHRD and CHRDL1, the genes of which also showed moderate expression in the mammalian ovary. Therefore, their ovarian expression profiles and antagonisms against the ovary-expressed TGF-β superfamily members were further characterized. Bioactivity tests indicated that TWSG1 alone can directly inhibit the signaling of BMP6 or BMP7. In addition, it can further enhance the antagonizing ability of CHRD towards BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 and GDF5, or CHRDL1's antagonism towards BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and activin A. In combination with their distinct transcript profiles in ovarian compartments, our findings suggest that TWSG1 may work coordinately with CHRD within theca/interstitial shells and also with CHRDL1 in developing granulosa cells; these interactions would modulate the intraovarian functions of the TGF-β superfamily members, such as the control of progesterone production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsu Wu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Luo
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059
expr 982648605 + 846360072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11059. [PMID: 34681721 PMCID: PMC8539660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059&set/a 934136356+984013925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schalla MA, Stengel A. The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011059. [PMID: 34681721 PMCID: PMC8539660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha A. Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Younesi S, Spencer SJ, Sominsky L. Monocyte perturbation modulates the ovarian response to an immune challenge. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111418. [PMID: 34339824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our recent findings indicate that an acute depletion of monocytes has no sustained effects on ovarian follicle health. Here, we utilised a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to transiently deplete monocytes and investigated the impact of an acute immune challenge by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on ovarian follicle health and ovulatory capacity relative to wt once the monocytes had repopulated. Monocyte depletion and repopulation exacerbated the effects of LPS in several domains. As such, monocyte perturbation decreased the numbers of secondary follicles in those challenged with LPS. Monocyte perturbation was also associated with reduced antral follicle numbers and circulating luteinising hormone (LH) levels, as well as potential changes in ovarian sensitivity to LH, exacerbated by LPS. These data suggest that monocyte depletion and repopulation induce a transient suppression of ovulatory capacity in response to a subsequent immune challenge, but this is likely to be restored once the pro-inflammatory environment is resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sominsky L, Younesi S, De Luca SN, Loone SM, Quinn KM, Spencer SJ. Ovarian follicles are resistant to monocyte perturbations-implications for ovarian health with immune disruption†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:100-112. [PMID: 33709094 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are the most abundant immune cell populations in the adult ovary, with well-known roles in ovulation and corpus luteum formation and regression. They are activated and proliferate in response to immune challenge and are suppressed by anti-inflammatory treatments. It is also likely they have a functional role in the healthy ovary in supporting the maturing follicle from the primordial through to the later stages; however, this role has been unexplored until now. Here, we utilized a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model that allows a conditional depletion of circulating monocytes, to investigate their role in ovarian follicle health. Our findings show that circulating monocyte depletion leads to a significant depletion of ovarian monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Depletion of monocytes was associated with a transient reduction in circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) at 5 days postdepletion. However, the 50-60% ovarian monocyte/macrophage depletion had no effect on ovarian follicle numbers, follicle atresia, or apoptosis, within 5-21 days postdepletion. These data reveal that the healthy adult ovary is remarkably resistant to perturbations of circulating and ovarian monocytes despite acute changes in AMH. These data suggest that short-term anti-inflammatory therapies that transiently impact on circulating monocytes are unlikely to disrupt ovarian follicle health, findings that have significant implications for fertility planning relative to the experience of an immune challenge or immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophie M Loone
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
High Maternal Omega-3 Supplementation Dysregulates Body Weight and Leptin in Newborn Male and Female Rats: Implications for Hypothalamic Developmental Programming. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010089. [PMID: 33396616 PMCID: PMC7823471 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet is critical for offspring development and long-term health. Here we investigated the effects of a poor maternal diet pre-conception and during pregnancy on metabolic outcomes and the developing hypothalamus in male and female offspring at birth. We hypothesised that offspring born to dams fed a diet high in fat and sugar (HFSD) peri-pregnancy will have disrupted metabolic outcomes. We also determined if these HFSD-related effects could be reversed by a shift to a healthier diet post-conception, in particular to a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), since ω3 PUFAs are considered essential for normal neurodevelopment. Unexpectedly, our data show that there are minimal negative effects of maternal HFSD on newborn pups. On the other hand, consumption of an ω3-replete diet during pregnancy altered several developmental parameters. As such, pups born to high-ω3-fed dams weighed less for their length, had reduced circulating leptin, and also displayed sex-specific disruption in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Collectively, our study shows that maternal intake of a diet rich in ω3 PUFAs during pregnancy may be detrimental for some metabolic developmental outcomes in the offspring. These data indicate the importance of a balanced dietary intake in pregnancy and highlight the need for further research into the impact of maternal ω3 intake on offspring development and long-term health.
Collapse
|
14
|
Drobna Z. Activation of Lrrk2 and α-Synuclein in substantia nigra, striatum, and cerebellum after chronic exposure to arsenite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Pan D, Wang K, Cao G, Fan K, Liu H, Li P, Li H, Chenguang D. Inhibitory effect of central ghrelin on steroid synthesis affecting reproductive health in female mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105750. [PMID: 32920127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone that regulates ovarian steroid hormone synthesis; however, there is limited evidence regarding the regulation of this pathway by ghrelin in mice ovary. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether central ghrelin action plays a role in murine reproductive health by inhibiting steroid synthesis. Further, we sought to examine the mechanism of central ghrelin action in ovarian steroid hormone synthesis. After the administration of intracerebroventricular ghrelin (1 nmol), we found reduced serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and reduced secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone. Although ghrelin reduced 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus, it did not affect the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 17A1. In the ovary, central ghrelin regulation indirectly inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 17A1, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Moreover, no changes were observed in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We hypothesised that central ghrelin regulation suppressed serum oestradiol and progesterone levels by indirectly inhibiting the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 17A1, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary. In this regulation, the suppressed secretion of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone in the pituitary by ghrelin could be involved. Furthermore, hypothalamic 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression is reduced by ghrelin injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kuikui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Haodong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Penghui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Haijun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Du Chenguang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China; Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, 014109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akalu Y, Molla MD, Dessie G, Ayelign B. Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1385138. [PMID: 32565790 PMCID: PMC7267865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1385138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|