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Vázquez-Solórzano R, Enciso-Ramírez MA, Sánchez-Caballero B, Parra-Rojas I, Valdés-Miramontes E, Barajas-García L, García-Ortíz L, Reyes-Castillo Z. Leptin/Ghrelin Axis and Antibodies Reactive to Both Hormones in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Components in Mexican Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 39133224 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children is a rising health issue that is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Low-affinity antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin are suggested to regulate hormone stability and function; nevertheless, the role of the leptin/ghrelin axis and antibodies reactive to both hormones in relation to MetS or its components in the pediatric population remains unknown. Methods: Fifty-eight children (7-12 years) were included and categorized according to the presence of one or more criteria for the diagnosis of MetS or according to body mass index. Body composition, biochemical variables, and metabolic risk indexes were determined. Antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin were quantified by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Ratios of leptin/ghrelin hormones and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes were obtained. Results: The biochemical variables glucose (P = 0.0009), insulin (P = 0.0001), leptin (P = 0.0036), HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) (P < 0.0001), and plasma atherogenic index (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in children with two or three components of MetS (MetS 2-3) in comparison to children with none or one component (MetS 0-1). Ratios of leptin/ghrelin (P = 0.0307) and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes (P = 0.0338) were higher in MetS 2-3 group versus MetS 0-1 group. In MetS 2-3 group, both insulin (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0293) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.4761, P = 0.0161) were positively correlated with the leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio. Conclusions: The higher leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio scores observed in MetS 2-3 group, along with their correlation with insulin levels and HOMA-IR, highlight the role of leptin and ghrelin on insulin sensitivity and metabolic regulation. An increased ratio of anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes suggests affinity changes in these antibodies that may lead to alterations in hormone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Mayra Alejandra Enciso-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Berenice Sánchez-Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Elia Valdés-Miramontes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Lourdes Barajas-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Lidia García-Ortíz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
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Kasim RH, Chillon TS, Eleftheriadou AM, Rijntjes E, Minich WB, Zechmann S, Schomburg L. Detection of natural autoimmunity to ghrelin in diabetes mellitus. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:1407409. [PMID: 39070294 PMCID: PMC11272539 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1407409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that becomes post-translationally modified. Natural autoantibodies to ghrelin (ghrelin-aAb) have been described in healthy subjects, in eating disorders and rheumatic diseases, with potential clinical relevance. Despite these important reports, the data base on the prevalence and physiological role is small and technical approaches for assessing ghrelin-aAb are few, encouraging respective research for improving knowledge on the potential endocrine significance. Methods A novel immunoprecipitation assay was generated based on a fusion protein of human ghrelin with a reporter gene. Assay quality was verified with commercial antibodies. Assay characteristics and matrix effects were determined, including stability of natural ghrelin-aAb to freezing, signal linearity in dilution experiments, and comparison of different matrices. Three groups of serum samples were analyzed for ghrelin-aAb, comprising commercial sera from healthy subjects and patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results The newly generated ghrelin-aAb assay proved sensitive, robust and reliable over a broad concentration range. Results from serum and plasma differed slightly. The signals from serum remained stable towards freezing and thawing, and in dilution experiments. Applying a mathematical criterion for outliers (P75 + 1.5-times IQR), an average prevalence of 11%-12% of positive samples was identified in the different human cohorts, with no significant sex-or disease-related difference. General significance A novel diagnostic autoantibody assay detected ghrelin-aAb with a similar prevalence in diabetic patients and controls, suggesting that autoimmunity to ghrelin plays little role in diabetes mellitus, but may be of relevance in other diseases where ghrelin signaling is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rega H. Kasim
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, GZO Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar B. Minich
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechmann
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, GZO Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vargas-Antillón AB, Porchas-Quijada M, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Torres-Valadez R, Muñoz-Valle JF, Vázquez-Solórzano R, Valdés-Miramontes E, Hernández-Palma LA, Reyes-Castillo Z. Antibodies Reactive to Leptin in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Clinical, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters. Endocr Res 2024; 49:12-21. [PMID: 37864464 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2270763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have shown alterations in the affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies which are possibly related to metabolic alterations. In the present exploratory study, we analyzed serum samples from adults with T2D classified by body mass index (BMI) and evaluated the relationship of IgG anti-leptin antibodies with body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters. METHODS Serum IgG anti-leptin antibodies (total, free and immune complexes fractions) were measured by in-house ELISA. Body composition, metabolic biomarkers (glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, insulin, leptin) and cardiometabolic risk indexes (AIP, HOMA-IR, HOMA-ß) were evaluated in one hundred T2D patients. RESULTS Patients with T2D and obesity presented a decrease in the percentage of IgG anti-leptin immune complexes compared to patients with T2D and overweight (p < 0.0053). Negative correlations of IgG anti-leptin immune complexes with triglycerides (TG) (r=-0.412, p = 0.023) and VLDL-C (r=-0.611, p = 0.017) were found in normal weight T2D patients. Free IgG anti-leptin antibodies correlated positively with TC (r = 0.390, p = 0.032) and LDL-C (r = 0.458, p = 0.011) in overweight individuals with T2D. Finally, total IgG anti-leptin antibodies correlated positively with leptin hormone levels (r = 0.409, p = 0.024) and negatively with HOMA-IR (r =-0.459, p = 0.012) in T2D patients with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of IgG anti-leptin immune complexes observed in patients with T2D and obesity suggests a reduction in antibody affinity to the hormone that may impact its transport and signaling, lipid, lipoprotein and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Vargas-Antillón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mildren Porchas-Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eloy A Zepeda-Carrillo
- Unidad Especializada en Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Medicina Genómica, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
- Hospital Civil Dr. Antonio González Guevara, Servicios de Salud de Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Unidad Especializada en Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Medicina Genómica, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Elia Valdés-Miramontes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis A Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
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Lares-Michel M, Housni FE, Reyes-Castillo Z, Huertas JR, Aguilera-Cervantes VG, Michel-Nava RM. Sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme for a sustainable diet (the 'NutriSOS' study) and its effects on eating behaviour, diet quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers, gut microbiota and water and carbon footprints in Mexican population: study protocol of an mHealth randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1823-1838. [PMID: 36991478 PMCID: PMC10587386 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mexico is going through an environmental and nutritional crisis related to unsustainable dietary behaviours. Sustainable diets could solve both problems together. This study protocol aims to develop a three-stage, 15-week mHealth randomised controlled trial of a sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme to promote Mexican population adherence to a sustainable diet and to evaluate its effects on health and environmental outcomes. In stage 1, the programme will be designed using the sustainable diets, behaviour change wheel and capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) models. A sustainable food guide, recipes, meal plans and a mobile application will be developed. In stage 2, the intervention will be implemented for 7 weeks, and a 7-week follow-up period in a young Mexican adults (18-35 years) sample, randomly divided (1:1 ratio) into a control group (n 50) and an experimental group (n 50), will be divided into two arms at week 8. Outcomes will include health, nutrition, environment, behaviour and nutritional-sustainable knowledge. Additionally, socio-economics and culture will be considered. Thirteen behavioural objectives will be included using successive approaches in online workshops twice a week. The population will be monitored using the mobile application consisting of behavioural change techniques. In stage 3, the effects of the intervention will be assessed using mixed-effects models on dietary intake and quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers (serum glucose and lipid profile), gut microbiota composition and dietary water and carbon footprints of the evaluated population. Improvements in health outcomes and a decrease in dietary water and carbon footprints are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lares-Michel
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix Verdú’, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento S/N. Parque Tecnológico de la Salud. Armilla, 18071Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), University Center of the South, University of Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Col. Centro, 49000, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Housni
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), University Center of the South, University of Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Col. Centro, 49000, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), University Center of the South, University of Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Col. Centro, 49000, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jesús R. Huertas
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix Verdú’, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento S/N. Parque Tecnológico de la Salud. Armilla, 18071Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Gabriela Aguilera-Cervantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), University Center of the South, University of Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Col. Centro, 49000, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Michel-Nava
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Ciudad Guzmán, Avenida Tecnológico 100, Col. Centro, 49000Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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Vázquez-Solórzano R, Valdés-Miramontes E, Porchas-Quijada M, Enciso-Ramírez M, Contreras-Mata GA, Martínez-Moreno AG, Barajas-García L, Espinoza-García AS, Reyes-Castillo Z. Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:233-244. [PMID: 35020844 PMCID: PMC9188341 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose, and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)]. One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n = 63, adolescents n = 73). An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed to measure IgG anti-leptin antibodies (free, total, and immune complexes). In adolescents, free and total IgG anti-leptin antibodies levels were higher in groups with overweight or obesity than in normal-weight group (P < 0.01), while in children, the total fractions were lower in groups with overweight and obesity than in normal weight (P < 0.02). Immune complexes percentage showed opposite correlations with BMI in children (r = 0.4004, P = 0.0473) and adolescents (r = -0.3983, P = 0.0133). IgG anti-leptin antibodies were also correlated with HOMA-IR in children (r = -0.4569, P = 0.0217) and adolescents (r = -0.3589, P = 0.0316), and with AIP (r = -0.3608, P = 0.0261) in adolescents. Our data suggest that the production and affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies can be affected by age, body composition, and metabolic conditions; additionally, in normal conditions, IgG anti-leptin antibodies may have a protective role in insulin resistance and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Elia Valdés-Miramontes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Mildren Porchas-Quijada
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Mayra Enciso-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Guadalupe A Contreras-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Alma Gabriela Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Lourdes Barajas-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Astrid Selene Espinoza-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
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