1
|
Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, López-Cifuentes D, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, García-Bañuelos J, Armendariz-Borunda J. Medicinal Plant Extracts against Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated with Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:967. [PMID: 39065815 PMCID: PMC11280341 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has increasingly become a worldwide epidemic, as demonstrated by epidemiological and clinical studies. Obesity may lead to the development of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In addition to hypertension, there are other cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) such as visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, and others, all of which increase the risk of CVD events. The mechanisms involved between obesity and CVD mainly include insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipokine dysregulation, which cause maladaptive structural and functional alterations of the heart, particularly left-ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. Natural products of plants provide a diversity of nutrients and different bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, and others, which possess a wide range of biological activities including antihypertensive, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, and other activities, thus conferring cardiometabolic benefits. In this review, we discuss the main therapeutic interventions using extracts from herbs and plants in preclinical and clinical trials with protective properties targeting CRFs. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of herb and plant extracts for the prevention and treatment of CRFs are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Daniel López-Cifuentes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Doctorate in Sciences in Molecular Biology in Medicine, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud (EMCS), Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yavorov-Dayliev D, Milagro FI, López-Yoldi M, Clemente I, Riezu-Boj JI, Ayo J, Oneca M, Aranaz P. Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) alleviates obesity-related dyslipidemia and inflammation in Wistar rats by activating beta-oxidation and modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:10855-10867. [PMID: 37987083 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of the gut microbiota in the regulation of energy homeostasis, probiotics have emerged as an alternative therapy to ameliorate obesity-related disturbances, including cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, dyslipidemia and inflammation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) on the regulation of adiposity, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and gut microbiota composition in diet-induced obese rats. Twenty-nine four-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: rats fed a control diet (CNT group, n = 8), rats fed a high fat/high sucrose diet (HFS group, n = 11), and rats fed a HFS diet supplemented with pA1c® (pA1c®group, n = 10). Organs and fat depots were weighed, and different biochemical parameters were analysed in serum. Gene expression analyses in the adipose tissue were conducted using real-time quantitative-PCR. Faecal microbiota composition was evaluated using 16S metagenomics. Animals supplemented with pA1c® exhibited a lower proportion of visceral adiposity, a higher proportion of muscle, an improvement in the total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and a decrease in the total cholesterol, triglyceride and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) serum levels, together with a decrease in several inflammation-related molecules. The expression of key genes related to adipose (Adipoq, Cebpa and Pparg) and glucose (Slc2a1 and Slc2a4) metabolism in the adipose tissue was normalized by pA1c®. Moreover, it was demonstrated that pA1c® supplementation activated fatty acid β-oxidation in the adipose tissue and the liver. Metagenomics demonstrated the presence of pA1c® in the faecal samples, an increase in alpha diversity, an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and a decrease in the abundance of harmful micro-organisms, including the Streptococcus genus. Thus, our data suggest the potential of pA1c® in the prevention of obesity-related disturbances including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Yavorov-Dayliev
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Clemente
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Ayo
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Oneca
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Hou XD, Liu W, Wang L, Jiang MF, Hou J, Tang H, Ge GB. Uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in Ginkgo biloba extract and deciphering their synergistic effects. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105669. [PMID: 37683877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as a key risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. Herbal medicines have been frequently used for preventing and treating obesity in many countries, but in most cases, the key anti-obesity constituents in herbs and their anti-obesity mechanisms are poorly understood. This study demonstrated a case study for uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in an anti-obesity herbal medicine (Ginkgo biloba extract) and deciphering their synergistic effects via targeting human pancreatic lipase (hPL). Following screening the anti-hPL effects of eighty herbal medicines, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) was found with the most potent anti-hPL activity. Global chemical profiling of herbal constituents coupling with hPL inhibition assay revealed that the bioflavonoids and several flavonoids in GBE50 were key anti-hPL constituents. Among all tested thirty-eight constituents, sciadopitysin, bilobetin, quercetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin showed potent anti-hPL effects (IC50 values <2.5 μM). Inhibition kinetic analyses suggested that sciadopitysin, bilobetin, quercetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin acted as non-competitive inhibitors of hPL, with the Ki values were <2 μM. Docking simulations revealed that four bioflavonoids (sciadopitysin, bilobetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin) could tightly bind on hPL at cavity 2, which it is different from the binding cavity of quercetin on hPL. Further investigations demonstrated that the combinations of quercetin and one bioflavonoid-type hPL inhibitor (sciadopitysin or bilobetin) showed synergistic anti-hPL effects, suggesting that the multi-components in GBE50 may generate more potent anti-hPL effect. Collectively, our findings uncovered the anti-obesity constituents in GBE50, and explored their anti-hPL mechanisms as well as synergistic effects at molecular levels, which will be very helpful for further understanding the anti-obesity mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Mei-Fang Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wairimu NW, Wairagu P, Chepukosi KW, Obiero GF, Okanya PW, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Sodium Metabisulfite-Induced Hematotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Organ Damage Ameliorated by Standardized Ginkgo biloba in Mice. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:7058016. [PMID: 37854041 PMCID: PMC10581848 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7058016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is a biocide and antioxidant agent generally used as a preservative in food and beverage industries but can oxidize to harmful sulfite radicals. A standardized Ginkgo biloba (EGb-761) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which is beneficial for the treatment of diseases that exhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study sought to investigate the putative ameliorative effects of EGb-761 against SMB-induced toxicity in mice. Thirty-two male Swiss white mice were randomized into control, SMB-treated, SMB + EGb-761-treated, and EGb-761-treated groups. EGb-761 (100 mg/kg/day) and SMB (98 mg/kg/day) were administered by gastric gavage for 40 days. Oral administration of EGb-761 restored SMB-induced decrease in body weight and prevented SMB-induced thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and anemia. Furthermore, EGb-761-treatment protected against SMB-induced liver and kidney injury depicted by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and albumin. Furthermore, EGb-761 treatment attenuated SMB-driven dyslipidemia and metabolic acidosis. Besides, EGb-761 supplementation abrogated SMB-driven oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs. SMB induced a significant increase of tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) which were abrogated by EGb-761 treatment. In conclusion, these results deepen our understanding of EGb-761 in light of various detrimental effects of SMB-driven toxicities. These findings provide a novel approach that can be optimized for preventing or treating exposure due to SMB toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wambui Wairimu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Peninah Wairagu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Kennedy W. Chepukosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - George F. Obiero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Patrick W. Okanya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo J, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang G. Overview and Recent Progress on the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14604. [PMID: 37834050 PMCID: PMC10572177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and their derivatives play important roles in plants, such as exerting protective activity against biotic and abiotic stresses, functioning in visual signaling to attract pollinators, and regulating phytohormone activity. They are also important secondary metabolites that are beneficial to humans. Ginkgo biloba L. is a well-known relict plant considered to be a "living fossil". Flavonoids present in ginkgo leaves have antioxidant and anti-aging capacities and show good therapeutic effects on a variety of neurological diseases. To date, studies on flavonoids have mainly focused on their extraction, pharmacological effects, and component analysis and on the expression levels of the key genes involved. However, a systematic review summarizing the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of ginkgo flavonoids is still lacking. Thus, this review was conducted to comprehensively introduce the biological characteristics, value, and utilization status of ginkgo; summarize the effects, biosynthetic pathways, and transcriptional regulation of flavonoids; and finally, discuss the factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in ginkgo. This review will provide a reference basis for future research on the biosynthesis and efficient utilization of flavonoids in ginkgo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yeqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Li D, Zhang M, Feng Y, Jin X, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens via reshaping gut microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:97. [PMID: 37533076 PMCID: PMC10399048 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. However, the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut microbiota. RESULTS The results showed that GBE treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced FLHS laying hen model by decreasing the levels of TG, TC, ALT and ALP. The lipid accumulation and pathological score of liver were also relieved after GBE treatment. Moreover, GBE treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver and serum by increasing GSH, SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and reducing MDA, and downregulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis (FAS, LXRα, GPAT1, PPARγ and ChREBP1) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4 and NF-κB) in the liver. Microbial profiling analysis revealed that GBE treatment reshaped the HFD-perturbed gut microbiota, particularly elevated the abundance of Megasphaera in the cecum. Meanwhile, targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs revealed that GBE treatment significantly promoted the production of total SCFAs, acetate and propionate, which were positively correlated with the GBE-enriched gut microbiota. Finally, we confirmed that the GBE-altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate FLHS by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that GBE alleviated FLHS in HFD-induced laying hens through reshaping the composition of gut microbiota. Our findings shed light on mechanism underlying the anti-FLHS efficacy of GBE and lay foundations for future use of GBE as additive to prevent and control FLHS in laying hen industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Depeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biernacka P, Adamska I, Felisiak K. The Potential of Ginkgo biloba as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds-A Review of the Recent Literature and Patents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103993. [PMID: 37241734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a relict tree species showing high resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Its fruits and leaves have high medicinal value due to the presence of flavonoids, terpene trilactones and phenolic compounds. However, ginkgo seeds contain toxic and allergenic alkylphenols. The publication revises the latest research results (mainly from 2018-2022) regarding the chemical composition of extracts obtained from this plant and provides information on the use of extracts or their selected ingredients in medicine and food production. A very important section of the publication is the part in which the results of the review of patents concerning the use of Ginkgo biloba and its selected ingredients in food production are presented. Despite the constantly growing number of studies on its toxicity and interactions with synthetic drugs, its health-promoting properties are the reason for the interest of scientists and motivation to create new food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Biernacka
- Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, Department of Food Science and Technology-West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, Department of Food Science and Technology-West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Felisiak
- Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, Department of Food Science and Technology-West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pharmacological Treatments and Natural Biocompounds in Weight Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16020212. [PMID: 37139804 PMCID: PMC9962258 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic is one of society’s most urgent public health concerns. One-third of the global adult population may fall under obese or overweight by 2025, suggesting a rising demand for medical care and an exorbitant cost of healthcare expenditure in the coming years. Generally, the treatment strategy for obese patients is largely patient-centric and needs dietary, behavioral, pharmacological, and sometimes even surgical interventions. Given that obesity cases are rising in adults and children and lifestyle modifications have failed to produce the desired results, the need for medical therapy adjunct to lifestyle modifications is vital for better managing obesity. Most existing or past drugs for obesity treatment target satiety or monoamine pathways and induce a feeling of fullness in patients, while drugs such as orlistat are targeted against intestinal lipases. However, many medications targeted against neurotransmitters showed adverse events in patients, thus being withdrawn from the market. Alternatively, the combination of some drugs has been successfully tested in obesity management. However, the demand for novel, safer, and more efficacious pharmaceutical medicines for weight management does exist. The present review elucidates the current understanding of the available anti-obesity medicines of synthetic and natural origin, their main mechanisms of action, and the shortcomings associated with current weight management drugs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu K, Gao X, Hua P, Huang Y, Dong R, Wang M, Li Q, Li Z. Anti-obesity effect of Angelica keiskei Jiaosu prepared by yeast fermentation on high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1079784. [PMID: 36698478 PMCID: PMC9868866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1079784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an Angelica keiskei (A. keiskei) Jiaosu (FAK) was prepared by yeast fermentation to investigate its anti-obesity effect on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. 70 SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 10): blank control group (N), high-fat model group (M), positive control group (Orl), unfermented control group (NF), high-dose intervention group (FH), medium-dose intervention group (FM), and low-dose intervention group (FL). The results showed that FAK intervention significantly reduced the body weight, Lee's index and liver index of HFD-fed mice (P < 0.05). Compared with M group, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), leptin and glucose (GLU) in FH group were remarkably decreased and that of interleukin-27 (IL-27) were increased (P < 0.05). The levels of TG, and TC in the liver of mice were also markedly decreased in the FH group (P < 0.05). HE staining results showed that the liver cells in the three intervention groups had less degeneration and fatty vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and the liver cords were orderly arranged compared with that of M group. Furthermore, FAK significantly inhibited epididymal adipose tissue cell expansion induced by HFD. FAK up-regulated the protein expression levels of p-AMPK and PPARα to promote lipolysis and down-regulated the expression of PPARγ to reduce lipid synthesis (P < 0.05). Additionally, the results of gut microbiota showed that after the intervention, a decrease trend of F/B value and Deferribacterota was noticed in the FH group compared with M group. At the genus level, FAK intervention significantly increased that of Ileiobacterium compared to the M group (p < 0.05). A rising trend of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were also observed in the HF group. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated that FAK intervention can effectively improve obesity in mice caused by HFD and the potential mechanisms was related to the regulation of serum levels of leptin and IL-27, lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue and gut microbiota composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Anqiu Huatao Food Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Puyue Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuedi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruitao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingji Wang
- Joint Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao Balanson Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Joint Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao Balanson Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Joint Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao Balanson Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Zichao Li,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thomaz FM, de Jesus Simão J, da Silva VS, Machado MMF, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Alonso Vale MIC, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract Stimulates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101294. [PMID: 36297406 PMCID: PMC9610090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaller adipocytes are related to the reversal of metabolic disorders, suggesting that molecules that can act in the adipogenesis pathway are of great interest. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in modulating the differentiation in preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 7 days into adipocytes without (control group) and with GbE at 1.0 mg/mL. Lipid content and gene expression were analyzed on day 7 (D7) by Oil Red O staining and PCR Array Gene Expression. Western blotting analysis of the key adipogenesis markers was evaluated during the differentiation process at days 3 (D3), 5 (D5), and 7 (D7). GbE increased lipid content and raised the gene expression of the main adipogenesis markers. Key proteins of the differentiation process were modulated by GbE, since C/EBPβ levels were decreased, while C/EBPα levels were increased at D7. Regarding the mature adipocytes’ markers, GbE enhanced the levels of both FABP4 at D5, and perilipin at D3 and D5. In summary, the present findings showed that GbE modulated the adipogenesis pathway suggesting that the treatment could accelerate the preadipocyte maturation, stimulating the expression of mature adipocyte proteins earlier than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Jussara de Jesus Simão
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Viviane Simões da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Marques Telles
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ayala-Ruiz LA, Ortega-Pérez LG, Piñón-Simental JS, Magaña-Rodriguez OR, Meléndez-Herrera E, Rios-Chavez P. Role of the major terpenes of Callistemon citrinus against the oxidative stress during a hypercaloric diet in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
A Single Dose of Ginkgo biloba Extract Induces Gene Expression of Hypothalamic Anorexigenic Effectors in Male Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121602. [PMID: 34942904 PMCID: PMC8699374 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) reduces food intake and body mass gain and regulates proteins related to lipid metabolism in obese rats. In ovariectomized rats, GbE restored the hippocampal and hypothalamic serotonergic system activity, favoring the spontaneous feeding decrement. Considering the promising hypophagic effect of GbE, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a single acute dose on hypothalamic pathways that regulate feeding behavior in male rats. Four-month-old Wistar male rats received either a single acute oral GbE dose (500 mg/kg) or vehicle. Food intake and body mass were measured after 1, 4, 12, and 24 h. Rats were euthanized, and hypothalami were removed for mRNA quantification of anorexigenic (POMC/CART) and orexigenic (AgRP/NPY) neuropeptides, leptin/serotonin receptors (5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT2C), and serotonin transporters. We also investigated POMC, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2C protein levels. A single acute GbE dose induced the hypothalamic POMC, CART, and 5-HT2C gene expression but failed to modify orexigenic effectors. No alterations in food intake, body mass, and hypothalamic protein levels were observed. In summary, the present findings demonstrate the rapid stimulation of pivotal hypothalamic anorexigenic pathways in response to a single GbE administration, reinforcing the GbE hypophagic activity. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate its potential as an appetite modulator.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jing FY, Zhou YZ, Wang HY, Yin XL, Zhang YQ. Enhancing antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic functions of gingko biloba L. seeds using thermal detoxification. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
14
|
Machado MMF, Banin RM, Thomaz FM, de Andrade IS, Boldarine VT, de Souza Figueiredo J, Hirata BKS, Oyama LM, Lago JHG, Ribeiro EB, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract (GbE) Restores Serotonin and Leptin Receptor Levels and Plays an Antioxidative Role in the Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2692-2703. [PMID: 33492645 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) was reported to improve the hypothalamic serotonergic system of ovariectomized (OVX) rats, the present study aimed to verify the GbE effects on hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and levels of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and both the serotonin (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B) and leptin receptors of OVX rats. Two-month-old female Wistar rats had their ovaries surgically removed (OVX) or not (SHAM). After 60 days, OVX rats were gavaged daily with GbE 500 mg kg-1 (OVX+GbE), while SHAM and OVX groups received saline 0.9% (vehicle) for 14 days. Rats were then euthanized, and hippocampi were collected. Both 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B levels were significantly reduced in OVX rats compared to SHAM rats, while 5-HT1A was higher in OVX+GbE rats in comparison to OVX rats. Similarly, LepR levels were increased in OVX+GbE rats compared to OVX rats, reaching similar levels to SHAM rats. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in OVX rats in relation to SHAM rats, which was restored to SHAM levels by GbE treatment. Additionally, GbE significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in comparison to the SHAM group. No differences were observed either in catalase activity or in the levels of 5-HTT, PKCα, TLR-4, NF-κBp50, ERK, and CREB. In summary, our results show a potential effect of GbE on hippocampal pathways involved in feeding behavior, and thus, they suggest that GbE activity might improve menopausal-related hippocampal disorders, offering an alternative therapeutic tool particularly for women to whom hormone replacement therapy may be contraindicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Mancini Banin
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Iracema Senna de Andrade
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Souza Figueiredo
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Ghilardi Lago
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Marques Telles
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banin RM, Machado MMF, de Andrade IS, Carvalho LOT, Hirata BKS, de Andrade HM, Júlio VDS, Ribeiro JDSFB, Cerutti SM, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) attenuates obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours induced by ovariectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33420094 PMCID: PMC7794418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While several pieces of evidence link obesity and mood disorders in menopause, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) both attenuated diet-induced obesity of male rats and restored serotonin-induced hypophagia in ovariectomized female rats. The present study aimed at exploring whether GbE treatment ameliorates ovariectomy-related obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Wistar female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (Sham). After 2 months, either 500 mg/kg of GbE or vehicle were administered daily by gavage for 14 days. Anxious/depressive-like behaviours were assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze and the Forced Swim Tests, respectively. Ovariectomy caused high visceral adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and increased the anxiety index (p = 0.048 vs. Sham + GbE) while it decreased the latency to immobility (p = 0.004 vs. Sham). GbE treatment in OVX rats improved body composition, adiponectin levels and blood lipid profile. It also reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.004) and increased the latency to immobility (p = 0.003) of OVX rats. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that leptin (p = 0.047) and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.022) were associated with anxious-like behaviours while body adiposity (p = 0.00005) was strongly associated with depressive-like behaviours. The results showed that GbE therapy was effective in attenuating the deleterious effects of ovariectomy on body composition, lipid profile, and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Further studies are warranted to better understand the therapeutic potential of GbE in menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mancini Banin
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Iracema Senna de Andrade
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Lorenza Oliveira Testa Carvalho
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Heider Mendonça de Andrade
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Viviane da Silva Júlio
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil.
| | - Mônica Marques Telles
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka ( Oryzias javanicus) Model. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:8815313. [PMID: 33029137 PMCID: PMC7530487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, treatment of these diseases is not effective and encounters many challenges due to the cost of drug and side effects. Thus, the search for the alternative agents to replace synthetic drugs is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ginkgo biloba seed. Methods The seed was extracted with 80% methanol. Toxicity studies and evaluation of anticholinesterase activities were carried out in adult Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Phytochemical study to identify the bioactive lead constituents of the crude extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The result shows activities with high significant differences at P < 0.001 between the treated and nontreated groups. A bioactive compound (vitaxin) was identified with the aid of HPLC method. Conclusion The presence of bioactive compound vitaxin is among the major secondary metabolites that contribute to increasing activities of this plant extract. High anticholinesterase activities and low toxicity effect of this plant show its benefit to be used as natural medicine or supplements.
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh H, Sharma AK, Gupta M, Singh AP, Kaur G. Tinospora cordifolia attenuates high fat diet-induced obesity and associated hepatic and renal dysfunctions in rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
19
|
Hirata BKS, Pedroso AP, Machado MMF, Neto NIP, Perestrelo BO, de Sá RDCC, Alonso-Vale MIC, Nogueira FN, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Tashima AK, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract Modulates the Retroperitoneal Fat Depot Proteome and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31258482 PMCID: PMC6587378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of individuals with obesity, over the past four decades, is triggered by a number of complex interactions among factors. Despite the plethora of treatments available, side effects are commonly observed and, in this context, herbal medicines have been employed as an alternative form of therapy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been described as a promising new pharmacological approach to treat obesity. In order to better comprehend the mechanisms involved with this potential effect, the present study evaluated the effects of GbE treatment on diet-induced obese rats, focusing on the proteome and the oxidative stress defense system of visceral adipose tissue. After 14 days treatment, GbE significantly modulated 25 proteins. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue of treated animals exhibited higher amounts of proteins associated with adipogenesis (decorin), carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function (citrate synthase), and a concomitant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy. In parallel, GbE down-regulated proteins involved in oxidative stress (peroxiredoxin) and the inflammatory response (complement C3, mast cell protease 1, and Ig gamma-2B chain C region). Moreover, also related to oxidative stress defense, GbE stimulated catalase activity, reduced malondialdehyde levels (lipid peroxidation indicator), and increased lactoylglutathione lyase levels. It was concluded that GbE acts as an antioxidant agent, and improved the proteome profile and oxidative stress response in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna K S Hirata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meira M F Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Nelson I P Neto
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna O Perestrelo
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta D C C de Sá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando N Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica M Telles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|