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Osama HM, Khadrawy SM, El-Nahass ES, Othman SI, Mohamed HM. Eltroxin and Hesperidin mitigate testicular and renal damage in hypothyroid rats: amelioration of oxidative stress through PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:19. [PMID: 38745206 PMCID: PMC11092223 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate growth, development and function of different tissues. Hypothyroidism is a common clinical disorder characterized by deficiency in THs and adversely affects the development and functions of several organs. This work aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of eltroxin (ELT), a hypothyroidism medication, and hesperidin (HSP), a flavonoid, against testicular and renal toxicity in hypothyroid rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups and treated orally for 12 weeks. Group I (control), group II (hypothyroidism) received 20 mg/kg carbimazole (CBZ), group III received CBZ and 0.045 mg/kg ELT, and group IV received CBZ and 200 mg/kg HSP. RESULTS CBZ administration induced biochemical and histopathological changes in testis and kidney. Co-administration of ELT or HSP significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated THs, reduced urea and creatinine while raised follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone in serum. Testicular and renal malondialdehyde level as a lipid peroxidation indicator, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-transferase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. The histopathological changes were also diminished. Decreased mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) in hypothyroid rats were up-regulated after ELT or HSP treatment. CONCLUSIONS ELT and HSP showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against CBZ-induced testicular and renal toxicity, and these effects may be promoted via activating Nrf2/HO-1 and PPARγ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel M Osama
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sally M Khadrawy
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Mohamed
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Chen F, Xiao M, Hu S, Wang M. Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: a key mechanism in the occurrence and development of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1381467. [PMID: 38634043 PMCID: PMC11021590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1381467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway is a major regulator of the cytoprotective response, participating in endogenous and exogenous stress caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species). Nrf2 is the core of this pathway. We summarized the literature on Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and summarized the following three aspects: structure, function pathway, and cancer and clinical application status. This signaling pathway is similar to a double-edged sword: on the one hand, Nrf2 activity can protect cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress; on the other hand, increasing Nrf2 activity can enhance the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Notably, oxidative stress is also considered a marker of cancer in humans. Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, as a typical antioxidant stress pathway, is abnormal in a variety of human malignant tumor diseases (such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and thyroid cancer). In recent years, research on the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway has become increasingly in-depth and detailed. Therefore, it is of great significance for cancer prevention and treatment to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Chen
- Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Expert Centre of Sichuan Province, Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Janda E, Boutin JA, De Lorenzo C, Arbitrio M. Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics of NQO2: The Past and the Future. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38254976 PMCID: PMC10815803 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The flavoenzyme N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide (NRH):quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) catalyzes two-electron reductions of quinones. NQO2 contributes to the metabolism of biogenic and xenobiotic quinones, including a wide range of antitumor drugs, with both toxifying and detoxifying functions. Moreover, NQO2 activity can be inhibited by several compounds, including drugs and phytochemicals such as flavonoids. NQO2 may play important roles that go beyond quinone metabolism and include the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy, with implications in carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration. NQO2 is a highly polymorphic gene with several allelic variants, including insertions (I), deletions (D) and single-nucleotide (SNP) polymorphisms located mainly in the promoter, but also in other regulatory regions and exons. This is the first systematic review of the literature reporting on NQO2 gene variants as risk factors in degenerative diseases or drug adverse effects. In particular, hypomorphic 29 bp I alleles have been linked to breast and other solid cancer susceptibility as well as to interindividual variability in response to chemotherapy. On the other hand, hypermorphic polymorphisms were associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The I and D promoter variants and other NQO2 polymorphisms may impact cognitive decline, alcoholism and toxicity of several nervous system drugs. Future studies are required to fill several gaps in NQO2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, UMR 1239, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Carlo De Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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4
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Gianì F, Allia F, Trovato MA, Masto R, Pellegriti G, Vigneri R. Antioxidant Defense Capacity Is Reduced in Thyroid Stem/Precursor Cells Compared to Differentiated Thyrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11509. [PMID: 37511265 PMCID: PMC10380350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence linking oxidative stress to thyroid cancer, and stem cells are thought to play a key role in the tumor-initiating mechanism. Their vulnerability to oxidative stress is unexplored. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant capacity of stem/precursor thyroid cells and mature thyrocytes. Human stem/precursor cells and mature thyrocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of menadione, an oxidative-stress-producing agent, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell viability were measured. The expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes was measured via qPCR as well as the total antioxidant capacity and the content of glutathione. Menadione elevated ROS generation in stem/precursor thyroid cells more than in mature thyrocytes. The ROS increase was inversely correlated (p = 0.005) with cell viability, an effect that was partially prevented by the antioxidant curcumin. Most thyroid antioxidant defense genes, notably those encoding for the glutathione-generating system and phase I detoxification enzymes, were significantly less expressed in stem/precursor thyroid cells. As a result, the glutathione level and the total antioxidant capacity in stem/precursor thyroid cells were significantly decreased. This reduced antioxidant defense may have clinical implications, making stem/precursor thyroid cells critical targets for environmental conditions that are not detrimental for differentiated thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Allia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Masto
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
- Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Sabatino L. Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense and Thyroid Hormone Signaling: A Focus on Cardioprotective Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1177. [PMID: 37371907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) perform a plethora of actions in numerous tissues and induce an overall increase in metabolism, with an augmentation in energy demand and oxygen expenditure. Oxidants are required for normal thyroid-cell proliferation, as well as for the synthesis of the main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). However, an uncontrolled excess of oxidants can cause oxidative stress, a major trigger in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In particular, oxidative stress is implicated in both hypo- and hyper-thyroid diseases. Furthermore, it is important for the TH system to rely on efficient antioxidant defense, to maintain balance, despite sustained tissue exposure to oxidants. One of the main endogenous antioxidant responses is the pathway centered on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). The aim of the present review is to explore the multiple links between Nrf2-related pathways and various TH-associated conditions. The main aspect of TH signaling is described and the role of Nrf2 in oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the TH system is evaluated. Next, the antioxidant function of Nrf2 associated with oxidative stress induced by TH pathological excess is discussed and, subsequently, particular attention is given to the cardioprotective role of TH, which also acts through the mediation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the interaction between Nrf2 and most common natural antioxidant agents in altered states of TH is briefly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Zhang W, Geng X, Dong Q, Li X, Ye P, Lin M, Xu B, Jiang H. Crosstalk between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway regulates realgar-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115776. [PMID: 36191662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Realgar, the main component of which is As2S2 or As4S4 (≥90%), is a traditional Chinese natural medicine that has been used to treat carbuncles, furuncles, snake and insect bites, abdominal pain caused by parasitic worms, and epilepsy in China for many years. Because realgar contains arsenic, chronic or excessive use of single-flavor realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicine can lead to drug-induced arsenic poisoning, but the exact mechanism underlying its toxicity to the central nervous system is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity and to investigate the effects of realgar on autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used rats treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or adeno-associated virus (AAV2/9-r-shRNA-Sqstm1, sh-p62) to investigate realgar-induced neurotoxicity and explore the specific relationship between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (the Nrf2 pathway) in the cerebral cortex. Molecular docking analysis was used to assess the interactions among the Nrf2, p62 and Keap1 proteins. RESULTS Our results showed that arsenic from realgar accumulated in the brain and blood to cause neuronal and synaptic damage, decrease exploratory behavior and spontaneous movement, and impair memory ability in rats. The mechanism may have involved realgar-mediated autophagy impairment and continuous activation of the Nrf2 pathway via the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis. However, because this activation of the Nrf2 pathway was not sufficient to counteract oxidative damage, apoptosis was aggravated in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis are involved in realgar-induced central nervous system toxicity and identified p62 as the hub of the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis in the regulation of autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Qing Dong
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Xiuhan Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ping Ye
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
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7
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Bifidobacterium animalis A12 and Lactobacillus salivarius M18-6 Alleviate Alcohol Injury by keap1-Nrf2 Pathway and Thioredoxin System. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030439. [PMID: 36765968 PMCID: PMC9914461 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive drinking can significantly damage people's health and well-being. Although some lactic acid bacterial strains have been previously shown to alleviate the symptoms of alcohol injury, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an alcohol injury model and examine the protective effect and mechanism of B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6. The results showed that A12 freeze-dried powder could maintain the survival rate of mice with alcohol injury at 100%. Compared with Alco group, L. salivarius M18-6 dead cell improved the survival rate of mice, attenuated liver steatosis, and significantly down-regulated serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) level; at the same time, it activated keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulated Superoxide dismutase (SOD), it protects mouse liver cells from oxidative stress induced by alcohol injury. In addition, B. animalis A12 can reduce the stress response to short-term alcohol intake and improve the ability of anti-oxidative stress by upregulating the level of isobutyric acid, reducing the level of keap1 protein in the liver of mice and upregulating the expression of thioredoxin genes (Txnrd1, Txnrd3, Txn1). Taken together, the results showed that B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6 alleviate alcohol injury in mice through keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and thioredoxin system.
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8
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yaylım İ, Farooqi AA, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saso L. Interplay between Non-Coding RNAs and NRF2 in Different Cancers: Spotlight on MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:28-34. [PMID: 35667688 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and a wealth of information has enabled basic and clinical researchers to develop a better conceptual knowledge of the highly heterogeneous nature of cancer. Deregulations of spatio-temporally controlled transduction pathways play a central role in cancer progression. NRF2-driven signaling has engrossed significant attention because of its fundamentally unique features to dualistically regulate cancer progression. Context-dependent diametrically opposed roles of NRF2-induced signaling are exciting. More importantly, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated regulation of NRF2 and interplay between NRF2 and ncRNAs have added new layers of complexity to already intricate nature of NRF2 signaling. There is a gradual enrichment in the existing pool of knowledge related to interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in different cancers. However, surprisingly, there are no clues about interplay between circular RNAs and NRF2 in various cancers. Therefore, future studies must converge on the functional characterization of additional important lncRNAs and circular RNAs, which regulated NRF2-driven signaling or, conversely, NRF2 transcriptionally controlled their expression to regulate various stages of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recently, many researchers have focused on the NRF2-driven signaling in cancer progression. Excitingly, discovery of non-coding RNAs has added new layers of intricacy to the already complicated nature of KEAP1/NRF2 signaling in different cancers. These interactions are shaping the NRF2-driven signaling landscape, and better knowledge of these pathways will be advantageous in pharmacological modulation of non-coding RNA-mediated NRF2 signaling in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Yaylım
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (I.Y.); Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan (A.A.F.); Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey (P.T.-A.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (I.Y.); Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan (A.A.F.); Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey (P.T.-A.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Pelin Telkoparan-Akillilar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (I.Y.); Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan (A.A.F.); Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey (P.T.-A.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (I.Y.); Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan (A.A.F.); Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey (P.T.-A.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (L.S.)
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10
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Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Habeos IG, Sykiotis GP. Emerging roles of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the thyroid gland and perspectives for bench-to-bedside translation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:276-283. [PMID: 35988853 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The signaling pathway centered on the transcription factor nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (Nrf2) has emerged during the last 15 years as a target for the prevention and treatment of diseases broadly related with oxidative stress such as cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. The roles of Nrf2 are expanding beyond general cytoprotection, and they encompass its crosstalk with other pathways as well as tissue-specific functions. The thyroid gland relies on reactive oxygen species for its main physiological function, the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. A few years ago, Nrf2 was characterized as a central regulator of the antioxidant response in the thyroid, as well as of the transcription and processing of thyroglobulin, the major thyroidal protein that serves as the substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of Nrf2 in thyroid physiology, pathophysiology and disease. We focus specifically on the most recent publications in the field, and we discuss the implications for the preclinical and clinical use of Nrf2 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis G Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Zhang Y, Xing Z, Liu T, Tang M, Mi L, Zhu J, Wu W, Wei T. Targeted therapy and drug resistance in thyroid cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Yang Q, Yan R, Mo Y, Xia H, Deng H, Wang X, Li C, Kato K, Zhang H, Jin T, Zhang J, An Y. The Potential Key Role of the NRF2/NQO1 Pathway in the Health Effects of Arsenic Pollution on SCC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138118. [PMID: 35805773 PMCID: PMC9265438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in nature and is a common environmental poison that seriously damages human health. Chronic exposure to arsenic is a major environmental poisoning factor that promotes cell proliferation and leads to malignant transformation. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that arsenite can promote the transformation of immortalized human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) from the G0/G1 phase to S phase and demonstrated malignant phenotypes. This phenomenon is accompanied by obviously elevated levels of NRF2, NQO1, Cyclin E, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Silencing the NRF2 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in arsenite-transformed (T-HaCaT) cells was shown to reverse the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the siRNA silencing of NQO1 significantly decreased the levels of the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, inhibiting the G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression and transformation to the T-HaCaT phenotypes. Thus, we hypothesized that the NRF2/NQO1 pathway played a key role in the arsenite-induced malignancy of HaCaT cells. By increasing the expression of Cyclin E-CDK2, the NRF2/NQO1 pathway can affect cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. A new common health effect mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis has been identified; thus, it would contribute to the development of novel treatments to prevent and treat skin cancer caused by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuemei Mo
- Physical Examination Department, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215100, China;
| | - Haixuan Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hanyi Deng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China;
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chunchun Li
- Changzhou Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan;
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210028, China;
- Jiangsu Preventive Medicine Association, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingxu Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (Y.A.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.Y.); (R.Y.); (H.X.); (X.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (Y.A.)
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Neferine Exerts Ferroptosis-Inducing Effect and Antitumor Effect on Thyroid Cancer through Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Inhibition. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7933775. [PMID: 35794985 PMCID: PMC9252705 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7933775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy with an increasing incidence in the past few decades. Neferine possesses various pharmacological activities, which have been applied in diverse disease models, including various tumors. However, the detailed effect and mechanism of neferine on thyroid cancer are still unclear. In the current study, the viability of IHH-4 and CAL-62 cells was examined by the CCK-8 assay. The effect of neferine on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and ferroptosis was evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, western blot, and spectrophotometry assays. Mechanically, the expressions levels of Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling were first determined by a western blot, which was then verified by Nrf2 overexpression. In vivo validation was also conducted on BALB/c nude mice with an inoculation dose of 2 × 106 IHH-4 cells. The results showed that neferine repressed the viability of both IHH-4 and CAL-62 cells both in a dose-dependent way and in a time-dependent fashion, in which the IC50 value of neferine on IHH-4 and CAL-62 cells was 9.47 and 8.72 μM, respectively. Besides, neferine enhanced apoptosis but suppressed invasion, angiogenesis, and EMT of IHH-4 and CAL-62 cells. Moreover, neferine induced the activation of ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Notably, it was revealed that the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway was strongly associated with the effect of neferine on the modulation of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, these outcomes were validated in xenografted mice. Therefore, neferine exerted an antitumor effect and ferroptosis-inducing effect on thyroid cancer via inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway.
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Thyroid Disorders in Patients Treated with Dimethyl Fumarate for Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Observational Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051015. [PMID: 35624879 PMCID: PMC9138003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis, has been shown to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant response. Nrf2 exerts pleiotropic roles in the thyroid gland; among others, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding Nrf2 modulate the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), suggesting that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 might also be protective. However, a patient with acute exacerbation of HT after starting DMF for MS was recently reported, raising questions about the thyroidal safety of Nrf2 activators. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, we investigated the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders (TD) among 163 patients with MS treated with DMF. Results: Only 7/163 patients (4.3%) were diagnosed with functional TD; most (5/163, 3.0%) were diagnosed before DMF treatment. Functional TD were diagnosed under or after DMF in only 2 patients (1.2%). Under DMF, one patient developed transient mild hypothyroidism with negative thyroid autoantibodies. After DMF discontinuation, another patient developed hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. No patient developed thyroid structural disease under or after DMF. Conclusions: The very low incidence of functional TD indicates an overall very good thyroid tolerance of DMF, arguing against screening for TD in MS patients considered for or treated with DMF, and supporting the further study of Nrf2 activators for the prevention and treatment of TD.
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15
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Efficacy and Safety of Fuzheng Yiqi Kang-Ai Decoction Combined with External Irradiation in the Treatment of Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Influence on Antiangiogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3589924. [PMID: 35615246 PMCID: PMC9126711 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3589924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Yiqi Kang-ai (FZYQKA for short) decoction with external irradiation in the treatment of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC) and its influence on antiangiogenesis. Methods. In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 120 patients with UTC admitted to Zibo Central Hospital (February 2019-February 2020) were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were equally divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) according to the order of admission. All patients received external irradiation, and the EG received FZYQKA decoction additionally. FZYQKA decoction was taken orally 1 dose daily in 3 times with a total of 100 ml, for a total of 2 months. Short-term efficacy, incidence of acute radiotoxic responses, levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), indexes of immune function, and level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were compared between both groups. Results Compared with the CG, the disease control rate of the EG was obviously higher (73.3% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.001). The acute radiotoxic responses of the two groups were mainly grade I-II oral mucositis, radiodermatitis, pharyngitis, esophagitis, and myelosuppression, and only three patients (5.0%) had grade III-IV toxic reactions. Compared with the CG, the incidence of grade I-II oral mucositis, radiodermatitis, pharyngitis, and esophagitis in the EG was obviously lower (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the CG, levels of MMPs and VEGF of the EG were obviously lower (P < 0.001). After treatment, compared with the CG, indexes of immune function of the EG were obviously higher (P < 0.001). Conclusion For patients with UTC, FZYQKA decoction combined with external irradiation can exert the antiangiogenesis effect, reduce levels of MMPs, and optimize the short-term efficacy. The safe treatment method has mild toxic and side effects, which should be popularized in practice.
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16
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Piao C, Zhang Q, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu T, Ma H, Liu G, Wang H. Optimal intervention time of ADSCs for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion combined with partial resection injury in rats. Life Sci 2021; 285:119986. [PMID: 34592233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation through a paracrine effect. This study aimed to determine the optimal time window of ADSCs transplantation to restore liver function after HIRI. MAIN METHODS A rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy (HIR/PH) was established. The animals were injected intravenously with 2 × 106 rat ADSCs 2 h before, immediately after, or 6 h after surgery. Liver tissues and blood samples were collected for routine histological and biochemical assays. The molecular changes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS ADSCs significantly improved liver tissue structure and decreased the levels of AST, ALT and ALP, which was indicative of functional recovery. In addition, transplantation of ADSCs immediately after operation decreased the levels of inflammation-related cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. At the same time, the expression of MDA was decreased. Mechanistically, ADSCs activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the injured liver. Transplantation of ADSCs pre- and 6 h post-operation did not significantly affect some indices such as mRNA and protein expression of HO-1, and protein expression of NQO1. SIGNIFICANCE Transplanting ADSCs immediately after surgery accelerated tissue repair and functional recovery of the liver by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which inhibited hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the hepatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guodong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Fradejas-Villar N, Zhao W, Reuter U, Doengi M, Ingold I, Bohleber S, Conrad M, Schweizer U. Missense mutation in selenocysteine synthase causes cardio-respiratory failure and perinatal death in mice which can be compensated by selenium-independent GPX4. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102188. [PMID: 34794077 PMCID: PMC8605217 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a small family of proteins containing the trace element selenium in form of the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), which is decoded by the UGA codon. In humans, a number of pathogenic variants in genes encoding distinct selenoproteins or selenoprotein biosynthesis factors have been identified. Pathogenic variants in selenocysteine synthase (SEPSECS), which catalyzes the last step in Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec biosynthesis, were reported in children suffering from progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy. To understand the pathomechanism associated with SEPSECS deficiency, we generated a novel mouse model recapitulating the respective human pathogenic p.Y334C variant in the murine Sepsecs gene (SepsecsY334C). Unlike in patients, pups homozygous for the p.Y334C variant died perinatally with signs of cardio-respiratory failure. Perinatal death is reminiscent of the Sedaghatian spondylometaphyseal dysplasia disorder in humans, which is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the selenoprotein and key ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Protein expression levels of distinct selenoproteins in SepsecsY334C/Y334C mice were found to be generally reduced in brain and isolated cortical neurons, while transcriptomics analysis uncovered an upregulation of NRF2-regulated genes. Crossbreeding of SepsecsY334C/Y334C mice with mice harboring a targeted mutation of the catalytically active Sec to Cys in GPX4 rescued perinatal death of SepsecsY334C/Y334C mice, showing that the cardio-respiratory defects of SepsecsY334C/Y334C mice were caused by the lack of GPX4. Like in SepsecsY334C/Y334C mice, selenoprotein expression levels remained low and NRF2-regulated genes remained highly expressed in these compound mutant mice, indicating that selenium-independent GPX4, along with a sustained antioxidant response are sufficient to compensate for dysfunctional Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec biosynthesis. Our findings imply that children with pathogenic variants in SEPSECS or GPX4 may even benefit from treatments that incompletely compensate for impaired GPX4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Uschi Reuter
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Doengi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Irina Ingold
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Bohleber
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Kim J, Park SH, Yang S, Oh SW, Kwon K, Park SJ, Yu E, Kim H, Park JY, Choi S, Yang S, Song M, Cho JY, Lee J. Protective Effects of Maclurin against Benzo[a]pyrene via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Targeting. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081189. [PMID: 34439437 PMCID: PMC8388905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter, has harmful effects. Therefore, much research is ongoing to develop agents that can mitigate the effects of B[a]P. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maclurin, one component of the branches of Morus alba L., on the B[a]P-induced effects in HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line. Maclurin treatment inhibited aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling as evidenced by reduced xenobiotic response element (XRE) reporter activity, decreased expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and reduced nuclear translocation of AHR. The B[a]P-induced dissociation of AHR from AHR-interacting protein (AIP) was suppressed by maclurin. Maclurin also inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by B[a]P. In addition, the antioxidant property of maclurin itself was demonstrated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, maclurin activated antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling through enhancement of ARE luciferase reporter activity and the expression of ARE-dependent genes including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nrf2 activation and its nuclear translocation were promoted by maclurin through p38 MAPK activation. These data indicate that maclurin had antagonistic activity against B[a]P effects through activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling and inhibition of AHR signaling and, suggesting its potential in protecting from harmful B[a]P-containing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsoon Kim
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea;
| | - Seyoung Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Se Jung Park
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hyeyoun Kim
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jung Yoen Park
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seoyoung Choi
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seoyeon Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Minkyung Song
- T Cell and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi do, Korea; (J.K.); (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (S.J.P.); (E.Y.); (H.K.); (J.Y.P.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.)
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Xu Y, Huang X, Luo Q, Zhang X. MicroRNAs Involved in Oxidative Stress Processes Regulating Physiological and Pathological Responses. Microrna 2021; 10:164-180. [PMID: 34279211 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210716153929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences several physiological and pathological cellular events, including cell differentiation, excessive growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response. Therefore, oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, epilepsy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in developing various diseases caused by oxidative stress and that miRNAs may be helpful to determine the inflammatory characteristics of immune responses during infection and disease. This review describes the known effects of miRNAs on reactive oxygen species to induce oxidative stress and the miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in the uncoupling of Keap1-Nrf2 complexes. Finally, we summarized the functions of miRNAs in several antioxidant genes. Understanding the crosstalk between miRNAs and oxidative stress-inducing factors during physiological and pathological cellular events may have implications for designing more effective treatments for immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science of Jiaying University, Guangdong Innovation Centre for Science and Technology of Wuhua Yellow Chicken, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Xunhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science of Jiaying University, Guangdong Innovation Centre for Science and Technology of Wuhua Yellow Chicken, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science/ Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science/ Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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20
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Hwang SH, Yang Y, Woo SH, Jung JH, Seo D, Kim DY, Kim Y. Thyroglobulin as a negative marker for malignancy in canine and human breast tumors. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:455-468. [PMID: 34003526 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most common tumor type in female dogs. This study evaluated the expression pattern and role of thyroglobulin (Tg) in CMT and in human breast cancer (HBC). CMT samples were subjected to fine-needle aspiration, primary cell culture, and histopathology. The expression level of Tg was higher in benign CMT than in malignant CMT (mCMT) primary cells, particularly in the epithelial lineage. Moreover, treatment with Tg enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin in mCMT epithelial cells and mitigated proinflammatory response by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The proximal region of the Tg promoter was hypermethylated in mCMT epithelial cells, silencing Tg expression with concurrent downregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling. An identical pattern of Tg expression was observed in cytological and tissue samples. Tissue microarray analysis showed that Tg was highly expressed in normal and benign tissues when compared with their malignant counterparts, which was diminished along with higher histological grades. The survival rate was significantly higher in HBC patients with high Tg expression than those with low Tg expression. This study also showed that the progression of HBC is accompanied by the reduction of Tg expression along with augmentation of proinflammatory signaling. Our data suggested that Tg could be a negative indicator of malignancy in canine and human breast neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Jung
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dansong Seo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yu Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Xu S, Li Y, Liu Q, Yang Y, Sun N, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Ni X. Clinical implications of TPO and AOX1 in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:723-732. [PMID: 34012822 PMCID: PMC8107839 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is a common pediatric head and neck cancer, of which papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type. Previously, we found that thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) were differentially expressed in PTC. This study explored the clinical importance of TPO and AOX1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC in children. METHODS Both TPO and AOX1 expression in PTC were analyzed using datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). TPO and AOX1 protein levels in plasma from patients with PTC and non-tumor controls were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic accuracy of TPO and AOX1 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The association between gene expression levels and patient survival was explored using the Kaplan-Meier plotter online database. RESULTS The results revealed that TPO and AOX1 expression was significantly downregulated in four independent datasets (GSE33630, GSE27155, GSE3678, and GSE3467). TPO and AOX1 protein levels in blood plasma were significantly decreased in patients with PTC. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that TPO and AOX1 levels in plasma had satisfactory predictive performance and the ability to discriminate PTC from healthy samples. Prognostic analysis demonstrated that low levels of TPO and AOX1 were markedly associated with poor survival in patients with PTC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results implied that TPO and AOX1 could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yeran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Nian Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
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Xiong J, Kuang X, Lu T, Yu K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang W, Zhao L, Fang Q, Wu D, Wang J. C3a and C5a facilitates the metastasis of myeloma cells by activating Nrf2. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:265-278. [PMID: 32873871 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable hematological malignancy, with even poorer prognosis in MM patients with distant invasion. The present study was designed to explore the effects of C3a and C5a on the migration, invasion, and adhesion of MM tumor cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. As a result, the levels of C3a and C5a in plasma of MM patients were significantly higher than those of healthy donors. Consistently, the expression of C3a and C5a receptors on myeloma cells of MM patients was also significantly higher than that on sorted plasma cells of normal donors. C3a and C5a have been confirmed to increase the migration, invasion and adhesion of MM cell lines by activating the MEK/ERK pathway and increasing the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 in vitro. Moreover, the MM cell line U266 with Nrf2 downregulation was incubated with C3a and C5a, followed by injection into the tail vein of NOD-SCID mice. We found that Nrf2 downregulation attenuated the migration of anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a to MM tumor cells in bone marrow, liver and lung in vivo. In conclusion, our results indicate that activation of the complement cascade in MM patients may contribute to the migration, invasion and adhesion of MM cells, and this type of tumor cells dissemination in MM is, at least partially, regulated by Nrf2. Thereby, complement suppression or Nrf2 downregulation might offer a novel therapeutic opportunity for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China.
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Romitti M, Eski SE, Fonseca BF, Gillotay P, Singh SP, Costagliola S. Single-Cell Trajectory Inference Guided Enhancement of Thyroid Maturation In Vitro Using TGF-Beta Inhibition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657195. [PMID: 34135860 PMCID: PMC8202408 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates metabolism and growth via secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). Loss of TFCs, by cellular dysfunction, autoimmune destruction or surgical resection, underlies hypothyroidism. Recovery of thyroid hormone levels by transplantation of mature TFCs derived from stem cells in vitro holds great therapeutic promise. However, the utilization of in vitro derived tissue for regenerative medicine is restricted by the efficiency of differentiation protocols to generate mature organoids. Here, to improve the differentiation efficiency for thyroid organoids, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq to chart the molecular steps undertaken by individual cells during the in vitro transformation of mouse embryonic stem cells to TFCs. Our single-cell atlas of mouse organoid systematically and comprehensively identifies, for the first time, the cell types generated during production of thyroid organoids. Using pseudotime analysis, we identify TGF-beta as a negative regulator of thyroid maturation in vitro. Using pharmacological inhibition of TGF-beta pathway, we improve the level of thyroid maturation, in particular the induction of Nis expression. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of iodide organification in vitro, suggesting functional improvement of the thyroid organoid. Our study highlights the potential of single-cell molecular characterization in understanding and improving thyroid maturation and paves the way for identification of therapeutic targets against thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Romitti
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
| | | | | | | | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
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Ziros PG, Renaud CO, Chartoumpekis DV, Bongiovanni M, Habeos IG, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Kopp PA, Brix K, Sykiotis GP. Mice Hypomorphic for Keap1, a Negative Regulator of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Response, Show Age-Dependent Diffuse Goiter with Elevated Thyrotropin Levels. Thyroid 2021; 31:23-35. [PMID: 32689903 PMCID: PMC7840308 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Familial nontoxic multinodular goiter (MNG) is a rare disease. One of the associated genes is Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which encodes the main inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), a central mediator of antioxidant responses. The association of KEAP1 with familial MNG is based on only two loss-of-function mutations identified in two families, only one of which included proper phenotyping and adequate demonstration of co-segregation of the phenotype and the mutation. There is no experimental evidence from model organisms to support that decreased Keap1 levels can, indeed, cause goiter. This study used mice hypomorphic for Keap1 to test whether decreased Keap1 expression can cause goiter, and to characterize the activation status of Nrf2 in their thyroid. Methods: C57BL/6J Keap1flox/flox (Keap1 knock-down [Keap1KD]) mice were studied at 3 and 12 months of age. Plasma and thyroid glands were harvested for evaluation of thyroid function tests and for gene and protein expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: Keap1KD mice showed diffuse goiter that began to develop in early adult life and became highly prominent and penetrant with age. The goiter was characterized by a markedly increased size of thyroid follicles, most notably of the colloid compartment, and by absence of thyroid nodules or hyperplasia. Keap1KD mice also showed decreased T4 levels in early adult life that were eventually well compensated over time by increased thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Nrf2 was activated in the thyroid of Keap1KD mice. Despite a known stimulatory effect of Nrf2 on thyroglobulin (Tg) gene transcription and Tg protein abundance, the expression levels were decreased in the thyroid of Keap1KD mice. No clear patterns were observed in the expression profiles of other thyroid hormone synthesis-specific factors, with the exception of Tg-processing and Tg-degrading cathepsins, including an increase in mature forms of cathepsins D, L, and S. Conclusions: Keap1KD mice develop age-dependent diffuse goiter with elevated TSH levels. The precise mechanism accounting for the thyroidal phenotype remains to be elucidated, but it may involve enhanced Tg solubilization and excessive lysosomal Tg degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric O. Renaud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis G. Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter A. Kopp
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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The Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in the Thyroid-2020 Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111082. [PMID: 33158045 PMCID: PMC7693470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland has a special relationship with oxidative stress. On the one hand, like all other tissues, it must defend itself against reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, unlike most other tissues, it must also produce reactive oxygen species in order to synthesize its hormones that contribute to the homeostasis of other tissues. The thyroid must therefore also rely on antioxidant defense systems to maintain its own homeostasis in the face of continuous self-exposure to ROS. One of the main endogenous antioxidant systems is the pathway centered on the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its cytoplasmic inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Over the last few years, multiple links have emerged between the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thyroid physiology, as well as various thyroid pathologies, including autoimmunity, goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and cancer. In the present mini-review, we summarize recent studies shedding new light into the roles of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the thyroid.
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Arczewska KD, Krasuska W, Stachurska A, Karpińska K, Sikorska J, Kiedrowski M, Lange D, Stępień T, Czarnocka B. hMTH1 and GPX1 expression in human thyroid tissue is interrelated to prevent oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102954. [PMID: 32877752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as disturbance of cellular equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their elimination by antioxidant defense systems. One example of ROS-mediated damage is generation of potentially mutagenic DNA precursor, 8-oxodGTP. In human cells genomic 8-oxodGTP incorporation is prevented by the MutT homologue 1 (MTH1 or hMTH1 for human MTH1) protein. It is well established that malignant cells, including thyroid cancer cells, require hMTH1 for maintaining proliferation and cancerous transformation phenotype. Above observations led to the development of hMTH1 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics. In the current study we present extensive analysis of oxidative stress responses determining sensitivity to hMTH1 deficiency in cultured thyroid cells. We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. This is evidenced by the increased ROS burden and enhanced proliferation defect after combination of hMTH1 siRNA and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Moreover, due to the lack of data on hMTH1 expression in human thyroid tumor specimens we decided to perform detailed analysis of hMTH1 expression in thyroid tumor and peri-tumoral tissues from human patients. Our results allow us to propose here that anticancer activity of hMTH1 suppression may be boosted by combination with agents modulating glutathione pool, but further studies are necessary to precisely identify backgrounds susceptible to such combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kiedrowski
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Wołowska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępień
- Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-036 Łódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Smith AAT, Marques AC, Ibberson M, A. Kopp P, Habeos I, Trougakos IP, Khoo NKH, Sykiotis GP. The Transcriptomic Response of the Murine Thyroid Gland to Iodide Overload and the Role of the Nrf2 Antioxidant System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090884. [PMID: 32961913 PMCID: PMC7555824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid follicular cells have physiologically high levels of reactive oxygen species because oxidation of iodide is essential for the iodination of thyroglobulin (Tg) during thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyroid follicles (the functional units of the thyroid) also utilize incompletely understood autoregulatory mechanisms to defend against exposure to excess iodide. To date, no transcriptomic studies have investigated these phenomena in vivo. Nuclear erythroid factor 2 like 2 (Nrf2 or Nfe2l2) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous antioxidant and other cytoprotective genes. We showed previously that the Nrf2 pathway regulates the antioxidant defense of follicular cells, as well as Tg transcription and Tg iodination. We, thus, hypothesized that Nrf2 might be involved in the transcriptional response to iodide overload. Methods: C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) or Nrf2 knockout (KO) male mice were administered regular water or water supplemented with 0.05% sodium iodide for seven days. RNA from their thyroids was prepared for next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Gene expression changes were assessed and pathway analyses were performed on the sets of differentially expressed genes. Results: Analysis of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) indicated that iodide overload upregulates inflammatory-, immune-, fibrosis- and oxidative stress-related pathways, including the Nrf2 pathway. Nrf2 KO mice showed a more pronounced inflammatory–autoimmune transcriptional response to iodide than WT mice. Compared to previously published datasets, the response patterns observed in WT mice had strong similarities with the patterns typical of Graves’ disease and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) also responded to iodide overload, with the latter targeting mRNAs that participate mainly in inflammation pathways. Conclusions: Iodide overload induces the Nrf2 cytoprotective response and upregulates inflammatory, immune, and fibrosis pathways similar to autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) and PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.); (P.A.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam A. T. Smith
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.T.S.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Ana Claudia Marques
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.T.S.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Peter A. Kopp
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nicholas K. H. Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.); (P.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-0606
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Du J, Fu L, Ji F, Wang C, Liu S, Qiu X. FosB recruits KAT5 to potentiate the growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer in a DPP4-dependent manner. Life Sci 2020; 259:118374. [PMID: 32891613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) has been indicated as a possible prognostic biomarker in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the mechanism of DPP4 during metastasis of PTC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether lysine acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FosB) synergistically regulate high DPP4 expression in PTC. METHODS PTC tissues and matched paracancerous tissues were harvested, followed by the establishment of IHH-4 and TPC-1 cells with downregulation of DPP4. The relevance of DPP4 on the metastasis of PTC cells was assessed. Subsequently, the effect of KAT5 on the transcription of DPP4 was verified. The binding relationship between FosB and DPP4 was predicted by a bioinformatics website. Functional rescue experiments were performed to evaluate cell activities after overexpression of KAT5 or FosB in cells with DPP4 knockdown. RESULTS DPP4 was overexpressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, which was correlated with higher risks for metastases and poorer survival. DPP4 downregulation curtailed cell growth and metastasis. Moreover, KAT5 acetylated DPP4 promoter histone, which promoted transcription activation of DPP4. Subsequently, FosB recruited KAT5 at the DPP4 promoter, thereby enhancing DPP4 transcriptional activation. Further overexpression of KAT5 or FosB in cells with low expression of DPP4 promoted cell activity. Finally, DPP4 expedited p62 nuclear translocation to elevate Keap1/Nrf2 expression, thus facilitating the growth and metastasis of PTC cells. CONCLUSION FosB enhanced the growth and metastasis of PTC cells by recruiting histone acetyltransferases KAT5 to increase DPP4 transcription and activate the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Du
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Lijun Fu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Feihong Ji
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Senyuan Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
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Miler M, Živanović J, Ajdžanović V, Milenkovic D, Jarić I, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Citrus Flavanones Upregulate Thyrotroph Sirt1 and Differently Affect Thyroid Nrf2 Expressions in Old-Aged Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8242-8254. [PMID: 32657124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing population of elderly people consume citrus flavanones, naringenin, and hesperetin in the form of fruits or juices. Flavanones are bioactives with potent antioxidant properties and have potential in slowing down the aging process. Because flavanones exert controversial effects on pituitary-thyroid functioning, our study on the old-aged rat model aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which naringenin and hesperetin affect this axis. Naringenin and hesperetin increased the Sirt1 mRNA level by 91 and 71% (p < 0.05), which was followed by increased Sirt1 expression by 20 and 15% (p < 0.05), respectively. Only naringenin decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone expression by 20% (p < 0.05). Thyroid peroxidase protein expression was upregulated after naringenin or hesperetin by 62 and 43% (p < 0.05), respectively. Naringenin lowered mRNA levels of Tpo, Sod1, Sod2, Cat, and Nrf2 by 50, 32, 45, 35, and 42% (p < 0.05), respectively, and increased Gpx by 54% (p < 0.05), while hesperetin decreased Sod1 and Sod2 mRNA levels by 46 and 55% (p < 0.05), respectively. Naringenin increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and SOD2 by 58 and 50% (p < 0.05), respectively, and decreased SOD1 expression by 48% (p < 0.05), while hesperetin protein decreased expressions of SOD1 and Nrf2 by 63 and 32% (p < 0.05), respectively. Altogether, our findings suggest that citrus flavanones contribute to restoring the impaired thyroid functioning in the old-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, California, United States
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
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Hyun DH. Insights into the New Cancer Therapy through Redox Homeostasis and Metabolic Shifts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071822. [PMID: 32645959 PMCID: PMC7408991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modest levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for intracellular signaling, cell division, and enzyme activation. These ROS are later eliminated by the body’s antioxidant defense system. High amounts of ROS cause carcinogenesis by altering the signaling pathways associated with metabolism, proliferation, metastasis, and cell survival. Cancer cells exhibit enhanced ATP production and high ROS levels, which allow them to maintain elevated proliferation through metabolic reprograming. In order to prevent further ROS generation, cancer cells rely on more glycolysis to produce ATP and on the pentose phosphate pathway to provide NADPH. Pro-oxidant therapy can induce more ROS generation beyond the physiologic thresholds in cancer cells. Alternatively, antioxidant therapy can protect normal cells by activating cell survival signaling cascades, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway, in response to radio- and chemotherapeutic drugs. Nrf2 is a key regulator that protects cells from oxidative stress. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is tightly bound to Keap1 and is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. However, under oxidative stress, or when treated with Nrf2 activators, Nrf2 is liberated from the Nrf2-Keap1 complex, translocated into the nucleus, and bound to the antioxidant response element in association with other factors. This cascade results in the expression of detoxifying enzymes, including NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1. NQO1 and cytochrome b5 reductase can neutralize ROS in the plasma membrane and induce a high NAD+/NADH ratio, which then activates SIRT1 and mitochondrial bioenergetics. NQO1 can also stabilize the tumor suppressor p53. Given their roles in cancer pathogenesis, redox homeostasis and the metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (through activation of Nrf2 and NQO1) seem to be good targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, Nrf2 modulation and NQO1 stimulation could be important therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Song L, Mu D, Wang J, Tian L, Liao Y. Whole-exome mutational landscape of metastasis in patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Genes Dis 2020; 7:380-391. [PMID: 32884992 PMCID: PMC7452411 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the genomic basis for liver cancer metastasis, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with differential metastatic potentials and analyzed their clonal evolution relationships. An evolutionary tree based on genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was constructed in MegaX software. The WES data showed that the average percentage of heterogeneous mutations in each HCC cell lines was 16.55% (range, 15.38%–18.17%). C: G > T: A and T: A > C: G somatic transitions were the two most frequent substitutions. In these metastatic HCC cell lines, non-silent gene mutations were found in 21.88% of known driver genes and 10 classical signaling pathways. The protein interaction network was constructed by STRING, and hub genes were found in the shared trunk mutation genes and the heterogeneous branch mutations respectively. In cBioPortal database, some of the selected hub genes were found to be associated with poor overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Among the mutated HCC driver genes, a novel KEAP1 mutation with a homozygous frameshift truncation at the c-terminal Nrf2 binding region was detected and verified in MHCC97-H and HCC97LM3 cells. In conclusion, WES data demonstrate that HCC cell lines from tumor biopsy specimens of the same patient have obtained different metastatic potentials through repeated selection in rodents in vivo, and they do indeed have a genetic relationship at the genomic level.
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Key Words
- BTB, Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-brac
- CDS, coding for amino acids in protein
- CNC, cap’n’collar
- CTR, C-terminal region
- CUL3, Cullin3
- Clonal evolution
- DGR, DC domain harboring six Kelch-repeat domain
- Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG)
- FA, fatty acid
- GO, Gene Ontology
- Gene ontology (GO)
- Genome-wide association
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IVR, intervening region
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Metastatic potentiality
- NTR, N-terminal region
- OS, overall survival
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- Somatic gene mutation
- WES, whole exome sequencing
- Whole exome sequencing
- bZIP, basic-region leucine zipper
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlan Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Mu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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